Jim Yong Kim 김용 | |
|---|---|
_(cropped).jpg) Kim in 2018 | |
| 12thPresident of the World Bank Group | |
| In office July 1, 2012 – February 1, 2019 | |
| Chief Executive | Kristalina Georgieva |
| Preceded by | Robert Zoellick |
| Succeeded by | Kristalina Georgieva (Acting) |
| 17thPresident of Dartmouth College | |
| In office July 1, 2009 – June 30, 2012 | |
| Preceded by | James Wright |
| Succeeded by | Philip J. Hanlon |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1959-12-08)December 8, 1959 (age 65) Seoul, South Korea |
| Political party | Democratic[citation needed] |
| Spouse | Younsook Lim |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | University of Iowa Brown University (BS) Harvard University (MD,PhD) |
| Jim Yong Kim | |
| Hangul | 김용 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 金墉 |
| RR | Gim Yong |
| MR | Kim Yong |
Jim Yong Kim (Korean: 김용; born December 8, 1959), also known asKim Yong (김용/金墉), is an American physician andanthropologist who served as the 12thpresident of the World Bank from 2012 to 2019.
A global health leader, Kim was formerly the chair of the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine atHarvard Medical School and a co-founder and executive director ofPartners In Health before serving as the President ofDartmouth College from 2009 to 2012, becoming the first Asian Americanpresident of anIvy League institution.[1][2]
Kim was named the world's 50th most powerful person byForbes Magazine's List of The World's Most Powerful People in 2013.[3]
Born inSeoul, South Korea in 1959, Jim Yong Kimimmigrated with his family to the U.S. at the age of five and grew up inMuscatine, Iowa. His father taughtdentistry at theUniversity of Iowa, while his mother received herPhD inphilosophy.[4] Kim attendedMuscatine High School, where he wasvaledictorian, class president, and played bothquarterback for the football team andpoint guard on the basketball team. After a year and a half at the University of Iowa, he transferred toBrown University, where he graduatedmagna cum laude with aBachelor of Arts inhuman biology in 1982. He earned anM.D. fromHarvard Medical School in 1991, and aPhD inanthropology atHarvard University in 1993.[5]
Kim,Paul Farmer, Todd McCormack, Thomas J. White, andOphelia Dahl co-foundedPartners In Health (PIH) in 1987. The organization began with new, community-focused health care programs inHaiti, which provided treatments based on local needs and trained community members to implement them. By the early 1990s, the program in Haiti was serving more than 100,000 people. It achieved success treating infectious diseases at low cost, spending $150 to $200 to curetuberculosis patients in their homes, treatment that would have cost $15,000 to $20,000 in a U.S. hospital. Kim was instrumental in designing treatment protocols and making deals for cheaper, more effective drugs.
In 1994, PIH expanded its model intoPeru. By 1998, successful results curing both common and serious ailments prompted theWorld Health Organization to embrace the model and support the adaptation of community-based care for impoverished communities around the world. Particular success in treatingmulti-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) prompted international organizations to rededicate efforts to the eradication of the disease, and in June 2002, the World Health Organization adopted prescriptions for dealing with the disease that were virtually the same as PIH had used in Peru. Kim's work with PIH to treat MDR-TB was the first large-scale attempt to treat the disease in a poor country, and the efforts have been replicated in more than 40 countries around the world.[6][7]
PIH employs more than 18,000 people in 11 countries.[8] Kim left the organization as executive director in 2003.[5][9][10][11]
Kim's work with Partners in Health is documented in the 2017 filmBending the Arc.
Kim left PIH in 2003 to join theWorld Health Organization (WHO) as an adviser to the director-general. In March 2004, he was appointed as director of WHO'sHIV/AIDS department, after having success creating programs to fight the disease at PIH. Kim oversaw all of WHO's work related to HIV/AIDS, focusing on initiatives to help developing countries scale up their treatment, prevention, and care programs. This included an ambitious "3x5 initiative" designed to put three million people in developing countries on AIDS treatment by the end of 2005. The goal was not met until 2007, but according to the WHO, served to push the treatment strategy forAIDS in Africa further and faster than could have otherwise been hoped.[12][13] As of 2012, the program has treated more than 7 million Africans with HIV.[14][15]
Beginning in 1993, Kim served as a lecturer atHarvard Medical School, eventually holding professorships in medicine, social medicine and human rights. At the time of his departure in 2009, Kim was chair of the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, chief of the Division of Global Health Equity atBrigham and Women's Hospital, and director of theFrançois-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at theHarvard School of Public Health,[12][13][16] known internally as "The Four Pillars"[17][18] a term and concept taken from his earlier WHO work with HIV/AIDS (the 3x5 program).[19]
During his time at Harvard, Kim published numerous articles for leading academic and scientific journals, including theNew England Journal of Medicine,The Lancet,Science, and others; and contributed to several books. An expert ontuberculosis, Kim also chaired or served on a number of committees on international TB policy.[16]
In March 2009, Kim was named the 17th president ofDartmouth College, becoming the first Asian-American president of anIvy League institution. He oversaw the development of several innovative programs at Dartmouth, utilizing his past experience in health care and international affairs.
In January 2010, Kim helped partner Dartmouth students and faculty with Partners In Health and other organizations to respond to the devastatingearthquake in Haiti, forming the Dartmouth Haiti Response. The initiative resulted in over $1 million in donations, the delivery of 18 tons of medical supplies and 25 volunteer medical professionals to Haiti, as well as hundreds of student volunteers contributing on campus.[21][22] In April 2010, Kim launched the National College Health Improvement Project (NCHIP), which convenes a number of expert institutions to develop quantitative methods to address student health issues. The project launched its inaugural program, an effort to addressbinge drinking, in April 2011.[23][24] In May 2010, Kim helped secure a $35 million anonymous grant to establish the Dartmouth Center for Health Care Delivery Science. The Center creates a groundbreaking new field of graduate study, fostering international collaboration between researchers and medical practitioners to design, implement, and scale new models of high-quality low-cost care.[25][26] In 2012, following considerable concern[27] and an extended effort by Kim to address sexual violence on campus, Dartmouth adopted a new campus-wide initiative to educate students on the importance of bystander intervention in sexual assault cases as part of a larger Sexual Assault Awareness Program.[28][29]
In 2011, Kim was criticized for refusing to release the college's budget, prompting the passage of a resolution by faculty demanding more details.[30][31] He answered this criticism by releasing a large supplementary report on the budget and holding a public meeting with faculty, who expressed satisfaction with the response.[32] But he did not address a Student Assembly request for access to information about all budget items exceeding $10,000.[31] In 2011, a handful of editorials appeared in Dartmouth's student newspaper expressing dissatisfaction with Kim's presidency, with one calling him "unpopular among many students these days."[33][34] His leadership was also criticized in the wake of ahazing scandal, which resulted in charges against the fraternity and the creation of a task force to address hazing amid comments from some that Kim did not spend enough time on campus.[35][36] After he announced that he would leave Dartmouth for the World Bank if elected, the student body president called Kim's presidency an "aberration" and a failure.[37]Forbes also criticized Kim's presidency, calling it "disappointing" and a "cautionary tale" to other "me-first" leaders.[38]
On March 23, 2012, U.S.President Barack Obama announced hisnomination of Kim for president of theWorld Bank.[40] That same day Kim sent a letter addressed to the Dartmouth community stating that the position was "one of the most critical institutions fighting poverty and providing assistance to developing countries in the world today. After much reflection, I have accepted this nomination to national and global service" and that "if I am elected, our Board will take appropriate steps to ensure continuity of leadership and determine the timing of a search. For now, I remain president of Dartmouth."[41]
On April 16, 2012, the World Bank officiallyelected Kim president.[42] He was the first Bank leader whoseprofessional background is not in the political or financial sectors, and the first to have previous experience personally tackling health issues in developing countries.[43]
In a statement from Kim regarding his election as the president, he said that the World Bank would deliver more powerful results to support sustained growth, prioritize evidence-based solutions over ideology, and amplify the voices of developing countries.[44] Upon assuming office, he said he was "honored to assume the Presidency of the World Bank Group. I do so at a moment that is pivotal for the global economy, and defining for the World Bank as an institution."[45] Kim's presidency was controversial among World Bankers.[46] He faced pushback in 2014 from the staff led by Senior Country OfficerFabrice Houdart after awarding a very unusual bonus, eventually deemed unethical to his CFO,Bertrand Badré, eventually rescinding it and apologizing publicly.[47][48]
On September 27, 2016, Kim was reappointed as the World Bank president, for a five-year term beginning July 1, 2017.[49] On January 7, 2019, Kim announced that he would step down as president, effective February 1, 2019.[50] It was announced that he would be joiningGlobal Infrastructure Partners after departing the World Bank presidency.[51]
In 2021, an independent inquiry revealed that World Bank leaders, including Kim, pressured bank staff to alter data to inflate the rankings ofChina,Azerbaijan,Saudi Arabia and theUnited Arab Emirates.[52]
Kim is married to Younsook Lim,[53] apediatrician, and they have two children.Kim is actively involved in a variety of sports, including basketball, volleyball, tennis, and golf.[16][54] He speaksKorean, which he learned at age 24 when he moved to Korea for his dissertation, and Spanish.
Kim received aMacArthur Fellowship in 2003,[55] was named one of America's 25 Best Leaders byU.S. News & World Report in 2005, and in 2006 was listed as one of the top 100 most influential people in the world byTime Magazine.[56] He serves on the advisory board of Incentives for Global Health, the NGO formed to develop theHealth Impact Fund proposal. He is also a member of theInstitute of Medicine of theUnited States National Academies.[16] Kim was elected to theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2010.[57]
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