Jiexiu 介休市 Kiehsiu | |
|---|---|
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 Jiexiu in Jinzhong | |
  Jiexiu Location in Shanxi | |
| Coordinates:37°01′37″N111°55′01″E / 37.027°N 111.917°E /37.027; 111.917 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shanxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Jinzhong |
| Area | |
| 743.7 km2 (287.1 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 42.00 km2 (16.22 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 756 m (2,480 ft) |
| Population (2017) | |
| 437,000 | |
| • Urban | 222,100 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 032000 |
| Area code | 0354 |
| Website | http://en.cnsanjia.com/ |
| Jiexiu | |||||||||
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| Chinese | 介休市 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | City ofJie Zitui'sEternal Rest | ||||||||
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| Former names | |||||||||
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| Mianshang | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 綿上 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 绵上 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Downy[a] Heights | ||||||||
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| Pingchang | |||||||||
| Chinese | 平昌 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Peaceful-&-Prosperous | ||||||||
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| Jiezhou | |||||||||
| Chinese | 介州 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Jie Prefecture | ||||||||
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Jiexiu is acounty-level city in the central part ofShanxi Province, China. It is under the administration of theprefecture-level city ofJinzhong and is located in the latter's western confines. Notable sites in and around Jiexiu includeMount Mian, Zhangbi Fortress, Houtu Temple andXianshenlou.
The territory aroundMt Mian was known asMianshang under theZhou.[2] By theJin, the territory was known asDingyang and the settlement at Jiexiu proper asPingchang.[3] Under theNorthern Wei (4th–5th century), both became known as Jiexiu Commandery.[3] Under theTang, this was renamedJiezhou AD 618–627.[3]
Mianshang was supposedly set apart byDuke Chong'er toendow sacrifices for his retainerJie Zhituic. 636 BC. The early histories state that Jie had loyally followed Chong'erin exile aroundChina for 19 years but, when Chong'er was installed asduke ofJin by aQin army, Jie had chosen to retire as a hermit rather than debase himself by asking for favors.[4][5][6][7][8] In time, this caused him to be seen as aTaoistimmortal.[9] Later legend embellished the tale, having Jie save Chong'er from starvation[citation needed] by cooking a soup made from meat from his own thigh[10][11] only to be killed when Chong'er listened to advice from Jin courtiers that the way to drive him out of the mountains was to light aforest fire.[12] The idea was that Jie'sduty to his mother would overcome his pride and they would flee together;[13] instead, their corpses were found days later beneath awillow.[13][12]Temples were erected in Jie's honor[citation needed] and, by theHan, the people ofShanxi tried to curry favor withhis spirit by observing aCold Food Festival in the dead of winter.[14][15][16] They ignored repeated attempts to ban it[15][17][18][19][20] although, as it moved to spring[21] and spread throughout China,[22][23] it eventually developed into the present-dayTomb-Sweeping Festival.[24][25]
During theWarring States Period, the area of Jiexiu was held byZhao before its conquest byQin.[26] Under theHan, it was part ofDingyang County (t 定陽縣,s 定阳县,Dìngyáng Xiàn) inShang Commandery.[27] JiexiuCounty was created under theJin, but with itsseat southeast of the current town.[3] TheNorthern Wei moved to the present location—then known as Pingchang—around AD 484 and made it the seat of acommandery.[3] This was made a county again by theSui in 598, restored by theTang in 617, and changed to aprefecture the next year.[3]
Jiexiu experiences asemi-arid climate (Köppen climate classificationBSk). Spring is dry, with frequentdust storms, followed by early summerheat waves. Summer tends to be warm to hot with most of the year's rainfall concentrated in July and August. Winter is long and cold, but dry and sunny. Because of the aridity, there tends to be considerablediurnal variation in temperature, except during the summer. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −4.0 °C (24.8 °F) in January to 24.6 °C (76.3 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 11.18 °C (52.1 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 49% in July to 60% in May, the city receives 2,425 hours of bright sunshine annually.
| Climate data for Jiexiu, elevation 746 m (2,448 ft), (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) | 22.9 (73.2) | 30.2 (86.4) | 36.3 (97.3) | 35.1 (95.2) | 40.6 (105.1) | 38.7 (101.7) | 38.4 (101.1) | 36.8 (98.2) | 29.2 (84.6) | 25.4 (77.7) | 17.7 (63.9) | 40.6 (105.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.0 (37.4) | 7.5 (45.5) | 14.1 (57.4) | 21.1 (70.0) | 26.3 (79.3) | 30.3 (86.5) | 30.9 (87.6) | 28.8 (83.8) | 24.4 (75.9) | 18.6 (65.5) | 10.9 (51.6) | 4.3 (39.7) | 18.4 (65.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) | 0.3 (32.5) | 6.8 (44.2) | 13.7 (56.7) | 19.2 (66.6) | 23.1 (73.6) | 24.7 (76.5) | 22.6 (72.7) | 17.6 (63.7) | 11.5 (52.7) | 4.2 (39.6) | −1.8 (28.8) | 11.5 (52.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.1 (15.6) | −5.5 (22.1) | 0.3 (32.5) | 6.3 (43.3) | 11.5 (52.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 19.1 (66.4) | 17.5 (63.5) | 12.0 (53.6) | 5.5 (41.9) | −1.1 (30.0) | −6.7 (19.9) | 5.5 (41.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −21.0 (−5.8) | −22.6 (−8.7) | −10.0 (14.0) | −5.7 (21.7) | −1.3 (29.7) | 4.7 (40.5) | 10.4 (50.7) | 9.1 (48.4) | −0.5 (31.1) | −6.5 (20.3) | −17.0 (1.4) | −21.9 (−7.4) | −22.6 (−8.7) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 3.4 (0.13) | 6.2 (0.24) | 10.4 (0.41) | 29.2 (1.15) | 31.0 (1.22) | 43.0 (1.69) | 102.7 (4.04) | 102.1 (4.02) | 61.8 (2.43) | 35.4 (1.39) | 12.7 (0.50) | 3.3 (0.13) | 441.2 (17.35) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 8.5 | 11.4 | 10.4 | 8.5 | 6.5 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 72.6 |
| Average snowy days | 3.1 | 3.7 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 13.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 52 | 50 | 46 | 47 | 49 | 57 | 70 | 75 | 73 | 66 | 60 | 53 | 58 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 144.4 | 158.5 | 195.6 | 220.2 | 238.7 | 198.9 | 172.0 | 168.3 | 150.5 | 159.1 | 148.0 | 143.1 | 2,097.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 47 | 51 | 52 | 55 | 54 | 45 | 39 | 41 | 41 | 46 | 49 | 48 | 47 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[28][29][30] | |||||||||||||
Jiexiu administers an area divided into fivesubdistricts, seventowns, and threetownships:
| Subdistricts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Simp. | Trad. | Pinyin |
| Beiguan | 北关街道 | 北關街道 | Běiguān Jiēdào |
| Xiguan | 西关街道 | 西關街道 | Xīguān Jiēdào |
| Dongnan | 东南街道 | 東南街道 | Dōngnán Jiēdào |
| Xinan | 西南街道 | Xīnán Jiēdào | |
| Beitan | 北坛街道 | 北關街道 | Běitán Jiēdào |
| Towns | |||
| Yi'an | 义安镇 | 義安鎮 | Yì'ān Zhèn |
| Zhanglan | 张兰镇 | 張蘭鎮 | Zhānglán Zhèn |
| Lianfu | 连福镇 | 連福鎮 | Liánfú Zhèn |
| Hongshan | 洪山镇 | 洪山鎮 | Hóngshān Zhèn |
| Longfeng | 龙凤镇 | 龍鳳鎮 | Lóngfèng Zhèn |
| Mianshan | 绵山镇 | 綿山鎮 | Miánshān Zhèn |
| Yitang | 义棠镇 | 義棠鎮 | Yìtáng Zhèn |
| Townships | |||
| Chengguan | 城关乡 | 城關鄉 | Chéngguān Xiāng |
| Songgu | 宋古乡 | 宋古鄉 | Sònggǔ Xiāng |
| Sanjia | 三佳乡 | 三佳鄉 | Sānjiā Xiāng |