Jiangmen 江门市 Kongmoon; Chiangmen | |
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 Clockwise from top right: Renshou Lu, Gudou Hotspring Resort, Xinhui Confucian Temple, Changdi Lu, &Jingtang Library | |
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 Location of Jiangmen in Guangdong | |
  Jiangmen Location in China | |
| Coordinates (Jiangmen municipal government):22°34′44″N113°04′53″E / 22.5789°N 113.0815°E /22.5789; 113.0815 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Guangdong |
| City Seat | Pengjiang District |
| Area | |
| 9,535.0 km2 (3,681.5 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 566.0 km2 (218.5 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 20,968.7 km2 (8,096.1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
| Population (2020 census[1]) | |
| 4,798,090 | |
| • Density | 500/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,289,800 |
| • Urban density | 2,300/km2 (5,900/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 14,258,694 |
| • Metro density | 680/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 360 billion US$ 55.8 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 74,722 US$ 11,582 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard Time) |
| Postal code | 529000 |
| Area code | 750 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-GD-07 |
| License plate prefixes | 粤J |
| Website | www |
| Jiangmen | |||||||||||||||
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 "Jiangmen" in Chinese calligraphy | |||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 江门 | ||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 江門 | ||||||||||||||
| Postal | Kongmoon | ||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | River Gate | ||||||||||||||
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Jiangmen (Chinese:江门),alternatelyromanized inCantonese asKongmoon, is aprefecture-level city inGuangdongProvince insouthern China. It consists of three urban districts (Pengjiang,Jianghai,Xinhui),Heshan, and the more ruralSiyi (Xinhui,Taishan,Kaiping, andEnping), which is the ancestral homeland of approximately 4 millionoverseas Chinese.[3] As of the 2020 census, Jiangmen had a total population of about 4,798,090. Its urban region, consisting of Pengjiang, Jianghai, and Heshan, had 2,657,062 inhabitants.[1]
Jiangmen is thepinyinromanization of theChinese name江門 or江门, based on its pronunciation in theMandarindialect. Its formerWade-Giles spelling wasChiang-men. ThePostal Map spelling "Kongmoon" was based upon the same name'sCantonese pronunciationGong¹-moon⁴. Other forms of the name includeKongmoon,[4]Kongmun,[5] andKiangmoon.[citation needed]
Jiangmen is also known asPengjiang.[clarification needed][why?] Its rural hinterland is known to theChinese diaspora as the "Four Counties" (q.v.), although the addition ofHeshan to Jiangmen has prompted the remaining locals to begin calling it the "Five Counties" instead.
Jiangmen was forced to open up to western trade in 1904, after a 1902 declaration which made it atreaty port.[6] During the subsequent period of western influence, a number of western-style buildings were constructed along the city's waterfront, and currently, the city's government is partaking in a renewal project to restore many of these buildings.[citation needed]
On 6 August 1925, the Guangdong provincial government placed Jiangmen under direct administration of the provincial government.[6] Jiangmen was given a city government on 26 November of the same year.[6] In 1931, this status would be revoked, and the city was placed under the administration ofXinhui County.[6]
The city was incorporated into the People's Republic of China on 23 October 1949, and was proclaimed a city in 1951.[6] The city later became the prefectural seat for theSze Yup ("Four County") region includingTaishan,Kaiping,Xinhui,Enping.[7] InMainland China but notabroad, the area became known as the "Five Counties" whenHeshan was added to Jiangmen's jurisdiction.[citation needed]
In June 1983, the city was upgraded to aprefecture-level city.[6]
In 2011, the city bannedpet dogs in public afterrabies killed 42 people over the preceding 3 years.[8] The city reserved a 13-acre site to allow rural Chinese to adopt the 30,000 dogs,[8][9] but public outcry led to a softer implementation where violators would be told to leave rather than have the dog confiscated.[10]
In 2017, Jiangmen Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone ranked 64th among national hi-tech zones in China.[11]
In 2020, Jiangmen Station of the West Pearl River Delta Transportation Center opened to the public.[citation needed]
The city is located on the lower reaches of theXi River and theTan River [zh], in the western section of thePearl River Delta in the middle of southernGuangdong Province.[6] It faces theSouth China Sea in the south and is 100 kilometres (62 mi) away fromGuangzhou andZhuhai by highway.[citation needed] Jiangmen city has an area of 9,535 square kilometres (3,681 sq mi),[12] about one quarter the size of the Pearl River Delta.[citation needed]
The climate issubtropical withmonsoonal influences. The annual average temperature is 22.36 °C (72.25 °F).
| Climate data for Jiangmen (Xinhui District) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) | 29.4 (84.9) | 31.6 (88.9) | 34.0 (93.2) | 36.1 (97.0) | 37.6 (99.7) | 38.3 (100.9) | 37.7 (99.9) | 37.4 (99.3) | 34.5 (94.1) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.0 (89.6) | 38.3 (100.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) | 19.8 (67.6) | 22.3 (72.1) | 26.4 (79.5) | 30.0 (86.0) | 31.8 (89.2) | 32.7 (90.9) | 32.7 (90.9) | 31.4 (88.5) | 28.7 (83.7) | 24.7 (76.5) | 20.0 (68.0) | 26.6 (79.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.6 (58.3) | 16.0 (60.8) | 18.8 (65.8) | 22.8 (73.0) | 26.2 (79.2) | 28.1 (82.6) | 28.8 (83.8) | 28.6 (83.5) | 27.6 (81.7) | 25.1 (77.2) | 20.9 (69.6) | 16.3 (61.3) | 22.8 (73.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.9 (53.4) | 13.5 (56.3) | 16.3 (61.3) | 20.4 (68.7) | 23.6 (74.5) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.9 (78.6) | 25.8 (78.4) | 24.9 (76.8) | 22.3 (72.1) | 18.1 (64.6) | 13.5 (56.3) | 20.1 (68.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) | 2.5 (36.5) | 3.3 (37.9) | 8.6 (47.5) | 15.4 (59.7) | 18.0 (64.4) | 22.3 (72.1) | 21.8 (71.2) | 16.6 (61.9) | 10.7 (51.3) | 4.9 (40.8) | 1.8 (35.2) | 1.8 (35.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 43.2 (1.70) | 41.3 (1.63) | 67.6 (2.66) | 160.5 (6.32) | 273.5 (10.77) | 335.5 (13.21) | 271.2 (10.68) | 301.4 (11.87) | 207.7 (8.18) | 72.2 (2.84) | 34.2 (1.35) | 31.8 (1.25) | 1,840.1 (72.46) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.4 | 9.3 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 17.2 | 18.9 | 17.2 | 17.5 | 13.5 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 144.6 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 70 | 77 | 81 | 83 | 82 | 83 | 81 | 81 | 77 | 69 | 67 | 64 | 76 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 113.7 | 88.4 | 72.6 | 89.8 | 134.1 | 160.4 | 202.2 | 188.1 | 169.6 | 184.6 | 159.1 | 146.0 | 1,708.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 34 | 27 | 19 | 24 | 33 | 40 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 52 | 48 | 44 | 39 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[13][14] | |||||||||||||
Jiangmen was selected by the Chinese state as a pilot city for a nationwide information programme.[which?] It was also chosen by thePacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) as a trial city for the Regional Integration for Sustainable Economics (RISE) project.[15] According to theWorld Bank's "Report on Investment Environment in China" for 2005, Jiangmen was ranked the sixth most conducive city in China for investment.[3]
The economic development strategies within Jiangmen focus on the three urban districts, and the south, middle and north lines.[citation needed] It is planned to develop four main economic areas: the central urban district of the city, the Yinzhou Lake (银州湖;銀州湖) economic area, and two economic areas along the various transport axes.[citation needed]
In 2018, the city reported a GDP of 290.041 billionYuan, government revenue totaling 24.393 billion Yuan, and retail sales totaling 140.758 billion Yuan.[16] In 2024, the city reported a GDP of 4022.96 billionYuan.
Similar to other cities in the western Pearl River Delta, the manufacturing sector plays a significant role in Jiangmen's economy. The chief industries include manufacturing ofNew energy, machinery,textiles,paper, food products,electronics, and building materials.[3] Other major industries includehigh-speed rail,motorcycles,household appliances,food processing,synthetic fibers andgarments, andstainless steel products.[citation needed] Global brand names with a presence in the city includeBP,Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,Hyundai,Panasonic,Veolia,Hutchison Whampoa,ABB andTesco.[3] Some worldwide brand which have factories in Jiangmen such includeBasf,Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings andLee Kum Kee foods.[citation needed]
The city was the proposed site of a $6.5 billion, 40 billion renminbi, uranium processing plant which would have supplied about half of the enriched uranium needed by China's nuclear power plants. Announcement of the plant in July 2013 was met by public protests.[17] The proposal was withdrawn out of "respect for public opinion" shortly thereafter.[18]
Jiangmen Port is the second largestriver port in Guangdong province.[19] The local government plans to develop aharbour industrial zone withheavy industries to includepetrochemical and machinery plants, as well as an ocean-based economy.[citation needed]
| Administrative divisions of Jiangmen | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division code[20] | English name | Chinese | Pinyin | Area in km2[21] | Population 2010[22] | Seat | Postal code | Divisions[23] | ||||
| Subdistricts | Towns | Residential communities | Administrative villages | |||||||||
| 440700 | Jiangmen City | 江门市 | Jiāngmén Shì | 9505.42 | 4,450,703 | Pengjiang District | 529000 | 15 | 61 | 264 | 1051 | |
| 440703 | Pengjiang District | 蓬江区 | Péngjiāng Qū | 321.97 | 719,146 | Huanshi Subdistrict | 529000 | 6 | 3 | 84 | 56 | |
| 440704 | Jianghai District | 江海区 | Jiānghǎi Qū | 109.16 | 254,313 | Jiangnan Subdistrict | 529000 | 3 | 0 | 23 | 36 | |
| 440705 | Xinhui District | 新会区 | Xīnhuì Qū | 1354.72 | 849,155 | Huicheng Subdistrict | 529100 | 1 | 10 | 31 | 193 | |
| 440781 | Taishan City | 台山市 | Táishān Shì | 3286.30 | 941,095 | Taicheng Subdistrict | 529200 | 1 | 16 | 36 | 277 | |
| 440783 | Kaiping City | 开平市 | Kāipíng Shì | 1656.94 | 699,242 | Changsha Subdistrict | 529300 | 2 | 13 | 41 | 226 | |
| 440784 | Heshan City | 鹤山市 | Hèshān Shì | 1082.73 | 494,938 | Shaping Subdistrict | 529700 | 1 | 9 | 26 | 112 | |
| 440785 | Enping City | 恩平市 | Ēnpíng Shì | 1693.60 | 492,814 | Encheng Subdistrict | 529400 | 1 | 10 | 23 | 151 | |
Jiangmen is the ancestral homeland of approximately 4 millionoverseas Chinese, who live in 107 countries and regions throughout the world.[3] Strong oversea connections are especially found in the villages.[citation needed] The dialect spoken in Jiangmen city itself is aSiyi Yue dialect, but is distinct from theTaishanese spoken inTaishan City.[24] Every year, A unique dragon dance is performed in water during Pan Village Lantern Festival in Shuikou Town,Kaiping, Jiangmen, Guangdong.
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A significant amount of historical heritage survives from the period of mass emigration prior toWorld War II. The most significant are the fortified multi-story towers found mainly in Kaiping. These are known as "Gold Mountain Towers" ordiaolou. A number of natural hotspring resorts has been developed successfully by using its wealthy natural heated ground water resources such as Gudou Hotspring Resort (古兜温泉).Guifeng Mountain, a mountain visited by many tourists, is the peak of Jiangmen with an elevation of 545 meters above sea level.
The local government's economic development strategies emphasize the development of tourism and protection of the environment.[citation needed]
Wuyi University is the only university which is founded within the city, whereby it's one of the member ofGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao University Alliance (GHMUA). And Guangzhou Huali College Jiangmen campus is also located in the city.
And there are also some Vocational colleges in the city:
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The onlyinternational school in Jiangmen isBoren Sino-Canadian School, while bilingual schools include WuYi Country Garden Bilingual School and China-Hong Kong English School.
Jiangmen No. 1 Middle School is claimed[by whom?] to be the top middle school in the district. It used to be one of the best middle schools in Guangdong Province in the 1980s and 1990s. However, the quality of its education has been dropping in recent years and within the district of Jiangmen, its status is being constantly challenged by schools such as Xinhui No. 1 Middle School in Xinhui, Kaiqiao (Kaiping Emigrant) Middle School in Kiaping and Heshan No.1 Middle School in Heshan.[original research?]
Jiangmen has a mature network of inter-city and intra-city highways and expressways, whose total length has reached 10,084.97 kilometres (6,266.51 mi) as of 2016.[25]G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway travels at the north, connecting downtown Jiangmen to three of its administrative divisionsHeshan,Kaiping andEnping, as well as nearby citiesYangjiang,Zhongshan andFoshan.S32 Western Coastal Expressway [zh] goes along Jiangmen's coastlines, linkingZhuhai at the east andYangjiang at the west.G94 Pearl River Delta Ring Expressway,S20 Guangzhou-Zhongshan-Jiangmen Expressway,G2518 Shenzhen-Cenxi Expressway andS47 Guangzhou-Foshan-Jiangmen-Zhuhai Expressway run through northeast Jiangmen.S49 Xinhui-Taishan Expressway connectsTaishan and joints S32 at the south.
China National Highway 325 is the only highway in the national trunk road system that goes into Jiangmen. Several provincial highways, such as S273, S274, S276 and S367 link the city's suburb areas to major towns.
Although the very first railway,Sun Ning Railway, began operation in 1909, it was discontinued in 1938 to deny its use by the Japanese military. The second operational railway is the Jiangmen branch ofGuangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway (opened 2011), which provides frequent service fromJiangmen railway station /Jiangmen East railway station toGuangzhou South Railway Station, where connections to the nation's high-speed railway network are available. Since the late 2012, Jiangmen is also served by the freight-onlyGuangzhou–Zhuhai Railway.Shenzhen–Zhanjiang high-speed railway, which opened in 2018, connects Jiangmen atJiangmen railway station andXinhui railway station,Shuangshuizhen railway station,Taishan,Kaiping South railway station andEnping railway station. Since then, Jiangmen is served by direct trains to Shanghai.[26]Jiangmen railway station of the West Pearl River Delta Transportation Center, opened to the public on 16 November 2020.Jiangmen north railway station in the West Pearl River Delta International Logistics Center, Opened in 2021.
Making use of the Jiangmen Port facilities,Chu Kong Passenger Transport (CKS) connects Jiangmen with high speedferry services toHong Kong (95 nautical miles) taking about 2.5 hours each way.Shanzui Harbor connects Jiangmen taishan withferry services toShangchuan Island andXiachuan Island taking about 30 min each way.
There are 18 coach terminals across Jiangmen as of 2016. 1,137 licensed coaches owned by 23 operators provide inter-county and inter-city bus services to major cities within and outside Guangdong.[27]
Bus service withinPengjiang andJianghai Districts are provided by Jiangmen Bus Co. Ltd.. Bus routes inXinhui District were formerly operated by Macao-based Xinfuli Co., but all routes were consolidated into the city-owned bus system run by Jiangmen Automobile Transportation Group Co. Ltd. in 2010. Transit buses in other districts are operated by Jiangmen Automobile Transportation Group and other private companies.
By 2016, there are 1,077 taxicabs in Jiangmen, most of which are operated by local companies.[27]
Sorted by family name/surname (as per the English spelling), then by English given name (if applicable) or by Chinese given name (if no English given name is available).
With the exception of Shiukwan on the Canton-Hankow railroad, Kwangtung's regional centers are situated along the coast, notably in the Canton delta. There, in addition to Canton, are the cities of Fatshan,Kongmoon and Shekki. The metropolis of western Kwangtung is Tsamkong, and Pakhoi is the chief town of the western panhandle.
[T]he remaining six Siyi dialects can be divided into two major groups or clusters. Cluster 1 consists ofTaishan andKaiping, while Cluster 2 consists ofXinhui, Jiangmen,Doumen, andEnping. Within Cluster 2, Enping is phonologically the most marginal member, whereas Jiangmen is lexically the most marginal member.
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