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| Jewish Aramaic | |
|---|---|
| Region | Judea,Levant |
| Ethnicity | Jews |
| Era | 150 BCE – 1200 CE |
| Dialects | |
| Aramaic alphabet | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | jpa |
| Glottolog | gali1269 |
Jewish Palestinian Aramaic was aWestern Aramaic language spoken by the Jews during theClassic Era inJudea and theLevant, specifically inHasmonean,Herodian andRoman Judaea and adjacent lands in the late first millennium BCE, and later inSyria Palaestina andPalaestina Secunda in the early first millennium CE. This language is sometimes called Galilean Aramaic, although that term more specifically refers to itsGalilean dialect.
The most notable text in the Jewish Western Aramaic corpus is theJerusalem Talmud, which is still studied in Jewish religious schools and academically, although not as widely as theBabylonian Talmud, most of which is written inJewish Babylonian Aramaic. There are some older texts in Jewish Western Aramaic, notably theMegillat Taanit: the Babylonian Talmud contains occasional quotations from these.Dead Sea Scroll4Q246, found inQumran, is written in this language as well.
There were some differences in the dialects betweenJudea andGalilee, and most surviving texts are in theGalilean dialect. Michael Sokoloff has published separate dictionaries of the two dialects. A Galilean dialect of Aramaic was probably alanguage spoken by Jesus.[1]
Jewish Western Aramaic was gradually replaced byArabic following theMuslim conquest of the Levant in the seventh century.
י, ו, א, ה are used to denote vowels. וו and יי are also used as replacements for their singular counterparts in the middle of words.[2]
| JPA[3] | English[3] |
|---|---|
| בת גבר אביינוס דאתרה | The daughter of an important man of the place |
| לית אפשר לאבילא למיכל מיניה | It is impossible for the mourner to eat from it |
| דחסיר אבר או יתיר אבר | Lacking a limb or having an extra limb |
Jesus would have spoken the local dialect, referred to by scholars as Galilean Aramaic, which was the form common to that region, Amar says.
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