Geoffrey Arnold Beck (24 June 1944 – 10 January 2023) was an English guitarist. He rose to prominence as a member of the rock bandthe Yardbirds, and afterwards founded and frontedthe Jeff Beck Group andBeck, Bogert & Appice. In 1975, he switched to aninstrumental style with focus on an innovative sound, and his releases spanned genres and styles ranging fromblues rock,hard rock,jazz fusion and a blend of guitar-rock andelectronica.
Beck has been consistently ranked in the top five ofRolling Stone and other magazines' lists of the greatest guitarists.[6][7][8][9] He was often called a "guitarist's guitarist".[10]Rolling Stone described him as "one of the most influential lead guitarists in rock".[11] Although he recorded two successful albums (1975'sBlow by Blow and 1976'sWired) as a solo act, Beck did not establish or maintain commercial success like that of his contemporaries and bandmates.[10][4] He recorded with many artists.[12]
Beck earned wide critical praise and received theGrammy Award forBest Rock Instrumental Performance six times, winning in three categories at the 2010 Grammy Awards for a career total of eight Grammies. In 2014, he received the British Academy'sIvor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.[13] He was inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Fame twice: first as a member of the Yardbirds (1992) and secondly as a solo artist (2009).
I was interested in the electric guitar even before I knew the difference between electric and acoustic. The electric guitar seemed to be a totally fascinating plank of wood with knobs and switches on it. I just had to have one.
Geoffrey Arnold Beck was born on 24 June 1944 to Arnold and Ethel Beck at 206 Demesne Road,Wallington, Surrey (nowLondon Borough of Sutton, Greater London).[15] As a ten-year-old, Beck sang in a church choir.[16] He had a sister, Annetta. He attendedSutton Manor School[17] and Sutton East County Secondary Modern School.[15]
Beck citedLes Paul as the first electric guitar player who impressed him.[14] Beck said that he first heard an electric guitar when he was six years old and heard Paul playing "How High the Moon" on the radio. He asked his mother what it was. After she replied it was an electric guitar and was all tricks, he said, "That's for me".[18]Cliff Gallup, lead guitarist withGene Vincent and the Blue Caps, was also an early musical influence, followed byB. B. King andSteve Cropper.[19] Beck consideredLonnie Mack "a rock guitarist [who] was unjustly overlooked [and] a major influence on him and many others."[20]
As a teenager, he learned to play on a borrowed guitar and made several attempts to build his own instrument, first by gluing and bolting together cigar boxes[21][22][23] for the body and an unsanded fence post for the neck with model aircraft control lines and frets simply painted on it.[24]
After leaving school, he attended Wimbledon School of Art (nowWimbledon College of Arts).[25] Then, he was briefly employed as a painter and decorator, a groundsman on a golf course, and a car paint sprayer. Beck's sister Annetta introduced him toJimmy Page when both were teenagers.[26]
While attendingWimbledon College of Art, Beck played in a succession of groups. In 1963, afterIan Stewart ofthe Rolling Stones introduced him toR&B, he formed The Nightshift with whom he played at the100 Club in Oxford Street.[27][28] Beck joined the Rumbles, aCroydon band, in 1963 for a short period as lead guitarist, playingGene Vincent andBuddy Holly songs, displaying a talent for mimicking guitar styles. Later in 1963, he joined the Tridents, a band from theChiswick area. "They were really my scene because they were playing flat-out R&B, likeJimmy Reed stuff, and we supercharged it all up and made it really rocky. I got off on that, even though it was only twelve-bar blues."[29] He was asession guitarist on a 1964 Parlophone single by the Fitz and Startz titled "I'm Not Running Away", with B-side "So Sweet". Also in 1964, Beck was part ofScreaming Lord Sutch and the Savages when they recorded "Dracula's Daughter"/"Come Back Baby" forOriole Records.[30][27]
In March 1965, Beck was recruited bythe Yardbirds to succeedEric Clapton on the recommendation of fellow session musician Jimmy Page, who had been their initial choice.[31] The Yardbirds recorded most of theirTop 40 hit songs during Beck's short but significant 20-month tenure with the band allowing him only one full album, which became known asRoger the Engineer (titledOver Under Sideways Down in the U.S.), released in 1966. In May 1966, Beck recorded an instrumental titled "Beck's Bolero". Rather than members of the Yardbirds, he was backed by Page on 12-string rhythm guitar,Keith Moon on drums,John Paul Jones on bass, andNicky Hopkins on piano. In June, Page joined the Yardbirds, at first on bass and later on second lead guitar.[31] This dual lead-guitar lineup was filmed performing an adaptation of "Train Kept A-Rollin'", titled "Stroll On", for the 1966Michelangelo Antonioni filmBlowup.[32]
Beck was fired during a U.S. tour for being a consistent no-show and for difficulties caused by his perfectionism and explosive temper on stage.[33]
The group produced two albums for Columbia Records (Epic in the US):Truth (as Jeff Beck, August 1968) andBeck-Ola (July 1969).Truth, released five months before the firstLed Zeppelin album, features "You Shook Me", a song written by Willie Dixon and first recorded byMuddy Waters, also covered on the Led Zeppelin debut with a similar arrangement.[28] It sold well (reaching No. 15 on theBillboard charts).Beck-Ola saw drummer Micky Waller replaced byTony Newman, and, while well-received, was less successful both commercially and critically. Resentment, coupled with touring incidents, led the group to disband in July 1969.
In his autobiography,Nick Mason recalls that, during 1967,Pink Floyd had wanted to recruit Beck to be its guitarist after the departure ofSyd Barrett,[36] but "none of us had the nerve to ask him."[37] In 1969, following the death ofBrian Jones, Beck was approached about joining the Rolling Stones.[33]
After the break-up of his group, Beck took part in theMusic from Free Creek "super session" project, billed as "A. N. Other" and contributed lead guitar on four songs, including one co-written by him. In September 1969, he teamed with the rhythm section ofVanilla Fudge: bassistTim Bogert and drummerCarmine Appice (when they were in England to resolve contractual issues), but when Beck fractured his skull in a car accident near Maidstone in December the plan was postponed for two-and-a-half years, during which time Bogert and Appice formedCactus.[38] Beck later remarked on the 1960s period of his life: "Everyone thinks of the 1960s as something they really weren't. It was the frustration period of my life. The electronic equipment just wasn't up to the sounds I had in my head."[39]
In 1970, after Beck had regained his health, he set about forming a band with the drummerCozy Powell. Beck, Powell, and producerMickie Most flew to the United States and recorded several tracks atMotown's famed Studio A in Hitsville U.S.A. with theFunk Brothers, Motown's in-house band, but the results remained unreleased. By April 1971 Beck had completed the line-up of this new group with guitarist/vocalistBobby Tench, keyboard playerMax Middleton, and bassistClive Chaman. The new band performed as "The Jeff Beck Group" but had a substantially different sound from the first line-up.[40]
Rough and Ready (October 1971), the first album they recorded, on which Beck wrote or co-wrote six of the album's seven tracks, included elements of soul, rhythm-and-blues, and jazz, foreshadowing the direction Beck's music would take later in the decade.[41]
Beck in 1973
A second album,Jeff Beck Group (July 1972), was recorded at TMI studios inMemphis with the same personnel.[42] Beck employedSteve Cropper as producer[43] and the album displayed a strongsoul influence, five of the nine tracks being covers of songs by American artists. One, "I Got to Have a Song", was the first of fourStevie Wonder compositions covered by Beck. Shortly after the release of theJeff Beck Group album, the band was dissolved and Beck's management put out the statement that: "The fusion of the musical styles of the various members has been successful within the terms of individual musicians, but they didn't feel it had led to the creation of a new musical style with the strength they had originally sought".[44]
Beck then started collaborating with bassistTim Bogert and drummer Carmine Appice, who became available following the demise ofCactus but continued touring as the Jeff Beck Group in August 1972, to fulfill contractual obligations with his promoter, with a line-up including Bogert, Appice,Max Middleton and vocalistKim Milford. After six appearances, Milford was replaced byBobby Tench, who was flown in from the United Kingdom[45] for theArie Crown Theatre Chicago performance and the rest of the tour,[46] which concluded at theParamount North West Theatre, Seattle. After the tour, Tench and Middleton left the band and thepower trioBeck, Bogert & Appice emerged. Appice took on the role of vocalist with Bogert and Beck contributing occasionally.[47]
They were included on the bill forRock at The Oval in September 1972, still as "The Jeff Beck Group", which marked the start of a tour schedule of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Germany. Another U.S. tour began in October 1972, starting at theHollywood Sportatorium Florida and concluding on 11 November 1972 at The Warehouse inNew Orleans.[48] In April 1973 the albumBeck, Bogert & Appice was released (on Epic Records). While critics acknowledged the band's instrumental prowess the album was not commercially well received except for its cover of Stevie Wonder's hit "Superstition".
Early in January 1974, Beck, Bogert & Appice played at theRainbow Theatre in London as part of a European tour. The concert was broadcast in full on the U.S. showRock Around the World in September of the same year. This last recorded work by the band previewed material intended for a second studio album, included on the bootlegAt Last Rainbow. The tracks "Blues Deluxe" and "BBA Boogie" from this concert were later included on the Jeff Beck compilationBeckology (1991).[50]
Beck, Bogert & Appice dissolved in April 1974 before their second studio album (produced by Jimmy Miller) was finished. Their live albumBeck, Bogert & Appice Live in Japan, recorded during their 1973 tour of Japan, was not released until February 1975 by Epic/Sony.[citation needed]
After a few months, Beck entered Underhill Studio and met with the bandUpp; he recruited them to be the backing band for his appearance on the BBC TV programGuitar Workshop in August 1974. Beck produced and played on theirself-titled debut album and their second albumThis Way Upp, though his contributions to the second album went uncredited. During 1974, he participated in recording sessions for the first album by former Jeff Beck Group memberBobby Tench's bandHummingbird'[51] but did not contribute to the album.[52]
In October the same year, Beck began to record instrumental sessions atAIR Studios withMax Middleton who was also associated with Hummingbird,[53] bassistPhil Chen and drummer Richard Bailey usingGeorge Martin as producer and arranger. These formed the basis for Beck's solo albumBlow by Blow (March 1975)[54] and showcased Beck's technical prowess in jazz-rock. The album reached number four in the charts and is Beck's most commercially successful release. Beck, fastidious aboutoverdubs and often dissatisfied with his solos, often returned to AIR Studios until he was satisfied. A couple of months after the sessions had finished, producer George Martin received a telephone call from Beck, who wanted to record a solo section again. Bemused, Martin replied: "I'm sorry, Jeff, but the record is in the shops!"[14]
Beck put together a live band for a US tour, which was preceded by a small and unannounced gig at The Newlands Tavern inPeckham, London. He toured through April and May 1975, mostly supporting theMahavishnu Orchestra, retaining Max Middleton on keyboards but with a newrhythm section of bassistWilbur Bascomb and noted session drummerBernard "Pretty" Purdie, who was also associated with Hummingbird.
In a May 1975 show inCleveland at the Music Hall, he became frustrated with an early version of atalk box he used on his arrangement of the Beatles' "She's a Woman", and after breaking a string, tossed his legendary Yardbirds-eraFender Stratocaster guitar off the stage. He did the same with the talk box and finished the show playing a Les Paul guitar without the box. During this tour he performed atYuya Uchida's "World Rock Festival", playing eight songs with Purdie. In addition, he performed a guitar and drum instrumental with Johnny Yoshinaga and, at the end of the festival, joined in a live jam with bassistFelix Pappalardi ofMountain and vocalistAkira "Joe" Yamanaka from theFlower Travellin' Band. Only his set with Purdie was recorded and released.[citation needed]
Beck returned to the studio and recordedWired (1976), which paired ex-Mahavishnu Orchestra drummer and composerNarada Michael Walden and keyboardistJan Hammer. The album used a jazz-rock fusion style, which sounded similar to the work of his two collaborators. To promote the album, Beck joined forces with the Jan Hammer Group, playing a show supportingAlvin Lee atThe Roundhouse in May 1976, before embarking on a seven-month-long world tour. This resulted in the live albumJeff Beck with the Jan Hammer Group Live (1977).
At this point, Beck was atax exile and took up residency in the US, remaining there until his return to the UK in the autumn of 1977. In the spring of 1978, he began rehearsing with ex-Return to Forever bassistStanley Clarke and drummerGerry Brown towards a projected appearance at the Knebworth Festival, but this was cancelled after Brown dropped out. Beck toured Japan for three weeks in November 1978 with an ad hoc group consisting of Clarke and newcomersTony Hymas (keyboards) andSimon Phillips (drums).[55]
Work then began on a new studio album atthe Who'sRamport Studios in London and continued sporadically throughout 1979, resulting inThere & Back in June 1980. It featured three tracks composed and recorded with Jan Hammer, while five were written with Hymas. Stanley Clarke was replaced byMo Foster on bass, both on the album and the subsequent tours. Its release was followed by extensive touring in the US, Japan, and the UK.[citation needed]
In 1985, Beck releasedFlash, featuring a variety of vocalists, but most notably former bandmateRod Stewart on a rendition ofCurtis Mayfield's "People Get Ready".[58] The aforementioned cover song was also released as a single which went on to become a hit. A video was made for the track and the clip achieved heavy rotation onMTV. The two also played a few dates together during this time but a full tour in tandem never materialized.[59] At Stewart's induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992, Beck gave the induction speech saying of Stewart, "We have alove hate relationship—he loves me and I hate him."[60][61] During this time, Beck made several guest appearances with other performers, including one in the 1988 movieTwins, where he played guitar with singerNicolette Larson.[55]
After a four-year break, he made a return to instrumental music with the 1989 albumJeff Beck's Guitar Shop, the first album to feature Beck as afingerstyle guitarist, leaving theplectrum playing style.[citation needed] It was only his third album to be released in the 1980s. Much of Beck's sparse and sporadic recording schedule was due in part to a long battle withtinnitus.[62]
Beck rehearsed withGuns N' Roses for their concert in Paris in 1992, but did not play in the actual concert due to ear damage caused by aMatt Sorumcymbal crash, causing Beck to become temporarily deaf.[65] The Yardbirds were inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992. In Beck's acceptance speech, he humorously noted that "Someone told me I should be proud tonight... But I'm not, because they kicked me out... They did... Fuck them!"[66]
Beck's next release was in 1999, his first foray into guitar-basedelectronica,Who Else!. The album was Beck's first collaboration with a female instrumentalist,Jennifer Batten,[67] in touring, writing, and recording as well as the first time he had worked with another guitarist on his own material since playing in the Yardbirds. Beck continued to work with Batten through the post-release tour ofYou Had It Coming in 2001.[68]
In 2011, Beck received two honorary degrees from British universities. On 18 July 2011, he was honoured with a fellowship from theUniversity of the Arts London in recognition of his "outstanding contribution to the field of Music".[81] On 21 July 2011, Beck was also presented with an honorary doctorate from theUniversity of Sussex (bySanjeev Bhaskar, the university's chancellor), the citation stating that the honour acknowledged "an outstanding musical career and celebrated the relationship between the university and theBrighton Institute of Modern Music (BIMM)".[82][83]
In 2013, it was announced that Beck would be performing onBeach Boys founderBrian Wilson's solo album (alongside Beach BoysAl Jardine andDavid Marks) on Capitol Records.[84] On 20 June, Wilson's website announced that the material might be split into three albums: one of new pop songs, another of mostly instrumental tracks with Beck, and another of interwoven tracks dubbed "the suite".[85] Beck also accompanied Wilson (along with Jardine and Marks) on an18-date fall 2013 tour, which started in late September and ended in late October (prior to which, Beck made clear that he regarded sharing the stage with Wilson as a complete honour for himself).[86]
In 2014, to mark the beginning of Jeff's World Tour in Japan, a three-track CD titledYosogai was released on 5 April; the album had yet to be finalized at the time of the tour.[87] In November 2014, he accompaniedJoss Stone atThe Royal British Legion's Festival of Remembrance at theRoyal Albert Hall.
For the 2016 albumLoud Hailer, Beck teamed up with Carmen Vandenberg and Rosie Bones ofBones UK.[88] The album protests the state of the world,[89] with titles ranging fromThugs' Club viaScared for the Children toO.I.L. (Can't Get Enough of That Sticky).
On 16 April 2020, Beck released a new single, in which he collaborated withJohnny Depp to recordJohn Lennon's song "Isolation", explaining that this was a first record release from an ongoing musical collaboration between the two men. They had been recording music together for some time, with the track being produced the year before, but Beck explained that the decision to release it was influenced by theCOVID-19 pandemiclockdowns: "We weren't expecting to release it so soon but given all the hard days and true 'isolation' that people are going through in these challenging times, we decided now might be the right time to let you all hear it".[90][91]
According to musicologist and historianBob Gulla, Beck is credited for popularising the use ofaudio feedback anddistortion on guitar. During his short time with the Yardbirds, Beck's experimentation with feedback, distortion, and "fuzz" tone "pushed the band into directions that would open the door forpsychedelic rock" while "jolt[ing] British rock forward", according to Gulla.[101] While Beck was not the first rock guitarist to experiment with electronic distortion, he nonetheless helped to redefine the sound and role of the electric guitar in rock music. His use of a commercial fuzz box for the Yardbirds' "Heart Full of Soul" (June 1965) has been cited as perhaps the first significant use of the effect.[102][103] Beck's work with the Yardbirds and the Jeff Beck Group's 1968 albumTruth were seminal influences onheavy metal music, which emerged in full force in the early 1970s.[104] Gulla identifies one of Beck's characteristic traits to be his sense of pitch, particularly in exercising thewhammy bar to create sounds ranging from "nose-diving bombs to subtle, perfectly pitched harmonic melodies".[101]
According to guitarist and authorJack Wilkins, Beck is regarded alongsideJimi Hendrix and Eric Clapton as one of his generation's greatest guitarists, receiving praise for his technical skill and versatile playing.[105]Stephen Thomas Erlewine finds him to be "as innovative as Jimmy Page, as tasteful as Eric Clapton, and nearly as visionary as Jimi Hendrix", although unable to achieve their mainstream success, "primarily because of the haphazard way he approached his career" while often lacking a star singer to help make his music more accessible.[4] On his recorded output by 1991, Erlewine remarked that "never has such a gifted musician had such a spotty discography", believing Beck had largely released "remarkably uneven" solo records and only "a few terrific albums".[106] InChristgau's Record Guide (1981),Robert Christgau essentialised Beck as "a technician" and questioned his ability to "improvise long lines, or jazz it up with a modicum of delicacy, or for that matter get funky",[107] although he later observed a "customary focus, loyalty, and consistency of taste".[108]
In 2015, Beck was ranked No. 5 inRolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists". In an accompanying essay, guitaristMike Campbell applauded Beck for his "brilliant technique" and "personality" in his playing, including a sense of humour, expressed through the growl of his wah-wah effects. Campbell also credited Beck with expanding the boundaries of the blues, particularly in his two collaborations with Stewart.[109]
The guitar model Beck is most associated with is theFender Stratocaster, which he started playing in 1969.[110] In a 2013 interview, Beck said, "The Fender Stratocaster was made for me. I believe it was. [...] It's the tool for rock'n'roll. Nothing they can do to it will make it any better than it's already been."[111]
In 1987, Beck had asked that the newly openedFender Custom Shop make a Stratocaster guitar to his specifications. The resulting guitar became known for its graffiti yellow colour, to match Beck's 1932 Ford Hot Rod. Based on these specifications, Fender released the "Strat Plus", as Beck had vetoed the use of his name to market that model.[112] However, in 1991,Fender did release aJeff Beck Stratocaster with some of those same features, which as of 2024 has been on the market continuously, with updates at various times, and particularly significant changes made in 2001. An additional Jeff Beck Custom Shop stratocaster was released in 2004.
Beck also playedFender Telecaster andGibson Les Paul instruments, and continued to play these for special occasions even after the 1990s, when he had transitioned to the Stratocaster as his main instrument for live performances.Gibson released the limited editionJeff Beck 1954 Les Paul Oxblood model in two different finishes in 2009.[113]
Beck's amplifiers were primarilyFender andMarshall. In his earlier days with the Yardbirds, Beck also used a 1954Fender Esquire guitar (now owned bySeymour W. Duncan and housed in the ClevelandRock and Roll Hall of Fame)[114] throughVox AC30s. He also played through a variety offuzz pedals andecho units along with this set-up and used thePro Co RATdistortion pedal. The pickup is based on a Gibson pickup rewound by Duncan and used in a salvaged Telecaster dubbed the "Tele-Gib" which he had constructed as a gift to Beck.[115]Scott Morgan of theRationals, who at one point shared a dressing room with the Yardbirds, recalls how Beck amplified his lead guitar through aVox Super Beatle while using banjo strings for the unwound G string on his guitar because "they didn't make sets with an unwound G at that point."[116]
Beck stopped the regular use of aguitar pick in the 1980s. He produced a wide variety of sounds on the Stratocaster by using his thumb to pluck the guitar strings, his ring finger on the volume knob, and his little finger on thevibrato bar. By plucking a string and then 'fading in' the sound with the volume knob he created a unique sound that can resemble a human voice, among other effects. He frequently usedwah-wah pedals andslides both live and in the studio. Eric Clapton once said, "With Jeff, it's all in his hands".[118]
Ninety of Beck's guitars were auctioned byChristie's on London on 22 January 2025, along with over 40 other items from his personal collection.[119] Some of the auctioned items were on public display in Los Angeles[120] and the whole set was shown in London prior to their sale.[121]
The graph below includes musicians who have worked on multiple occasions (concerts or published music) with Jeff Beck or for a long time continuously, been on more than one album with him, or have done at least quite a substantial part of a tour with him. Overlap between personnel and albums on this graph does not always mean that that personnel was present on that album as some parallel projects overlapped in time.
From 1963 to 1967, Beck was married to Patricia Brown.[Note 1] However, this relationship had deteriorated by the time Beck joined the Yardbirds. During the Yardbirds years, Beck began a relationship with American model and actress Mary Hughes, with whom he moved in when his relationship with the Yardbirds broke down.[122] By 1968, Beck had entered what would be a nearly 18-year relationship with the English modelCelia Hammond, whose portrait appears on the album cover ofTruth.[123][124] In 2005, he married Sandra Cash. He had no children.
At the time of his death, Beck lived in aGrade II-listed building calledRiverhall in the civil parish ofWadhurst, East Sussex.[125][126][127] Beck became a vegetarian in 1969 and was a patron of the Folly Wildlife Rescue Trust.[128][129] He also had an interest in classic Fordhot rods, performing much of the work on the exteriors and engines of the cars by himself.[130]
Beck died from abacterial meningitis infection at a hospital near Riverhall on 10 January 2023, at the age of 78.[127][131][132] Within minutes of his death announcement, musicians and friends began paying tribute; Jimmy Page wrote that "The six stringed Warrior is no longer here for us to admire the spell he could weave around our mortal emotions. Jeff could channel music from the ethereal. His technique unique. His imaginations apparently limitless. Jeff I will miss you along with your millions of fans".Mick Jagger expressed his condolences, writing "With the death of Jeff Beck we have lost a wonderful man and one of the greatest guitar players in the world. We will all miss him so much."Ronnie Wood, a former bandmate of Beck's, stated "Now Jeff has gone, I feel like one of my band of brothers has left this world, and I'm going to dearly miss him."[133]
^Hoffman, Frank."Jeff Beck".Hybrid Children of Rock. Archived fromthe original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved15 June 2023.More than any other guitarist, Jeff Beck was responsible for defining the progressive rock genre.
^Mossman, Kate (20 July 2016)."The £7m fingers: how Jeff Beck became a guitar hero by saying no".New Statesman.Archived from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved30 August 2018.This was a musical ground zero for the sons of insurance clerks and factory workers; they may have heard guitars but they couldn't see any, so they made them – Brian May (of Feltham, Middlesex) from a fireplace, Beck from cigar boxes.
^Fricke, David (4 March 2010)."Clapton and Beck: The Long and Winding Road".Rolling Stone.Archived from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved30 August 2018.Beck, who was a boy when he started working on cars with an uncle, built his first instrument, using a cigar box, a picture frame for the neck and string from a radio-controlled toy airplane. "I played with it for hours, making noises," he recalls happily.
^Power 2012, p. 12: "But Beck was smitten by Paul's spark-flying style and would not be deterred... Jeff took to building his own demon machine: 'It was basically a cigar box with... I first picked up that guitar, I thought this was the instrument that was made for me.'"
^Fetherolf, Bob (6 January 2014).The Guitar Story: From Ancient to Modern Times. BookBaby.ISBN9781483516837. Retrieved30 August 2018 – via Google Books.English guitarist Jeff Beck has been described as an absolute master, perhaps the... at building his own guitar first by gluing and bolting together cigar boxes for the body.[permanent dead link]
^With the Yardbirds, Beck provided the lead vocals for "Psycho Daisies" (studio UK B-side of "Happenings Ten Years Time Ago") and "The Sun Is Shining" (liveBBC Sessions).
^"The musical soulmates have been working behind-the-scenes for the past few several years on new music and have released their first single as a duo today, a re-imagining of John Lennon's classic track "Isolation..."DEBUT COLLABORATION FROM THE UNEXPECTED DUOArchived 24 April 2020 at theWayback Machine, as published on 16 April 2020, in Jeff Beck official website
^Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2002). "Jeff Beck". In Woodstra, Chris; Erlewine, Stephen Thomas; Bogdanov, Vladimir (eds.).All Music Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul.Backbeat Books.ISBN9780879306533.
^Noble, Douglas J. (Fall 1994)."Interview outtakes".The Jeff Beck Bulletin. No. 3. Archived fromthe original on 30 August 2010. Retrieved28 March 2009.
Foster, Mo; Cunningham, Mark (2000) [1997].17 Watts?: The Birth of British Rock Guitar. Sanctuary.ISBN978-1-86074-267-5.
Hjort, Christopher; Hinman, Doug (2000).Jeff's Book :A Chronology of Jeff Beck's Career 1965–1980: From the Yardbirds to Jazz-Rock. Rock 'n' Roll Research Press.ISBN978-0-9641005-3-4.
Joynson, Vernon (1998).The Tapestry of Delights – The Comprehensive Guide to British Music of the Beat, R&B, Psychedelic and Progressive Eras (3rd ed.). Borderline.ISBN978-1-899855-09-4.
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