Jean Langlais | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Jean François-Hyacinthe Langlais III (1907-02-15)February 15, 1907 |
| Died | May 8, 1991(1991-05-08) (aged 84) |
| Occupation | Composer |
| Style | Classical music |
Jean François-Hyacinthe Langlais III[a] (15 February 1907 – 8 May 1991) was a Frenchcomposer ofmodern classical music,organist, andimproviser.[1] He described himself as "Breton, de foi Catholique" ("Breton, of Catholic faith").
Langlais was born inLa Fontenelle (Ille-et-Vilaine,Brittany), a small village nearMont Saint-Michel, France to Jean-Marie-Joseph Langlais II, a blacksmith and Flavie Canto, a seamstress. Langlais became blind due toglaucoma when he was only two years old and was sent to theInstitut National des Jeunes Aveugles (National Institute for Blind Children) in Paris, where he began to study the organ, withAndré Marchal. From there he progressed to theParis Conservatoire, obtaining prizes inorgan and studyingcomposition withMarcel Dupré andPaul Dukas. He also studied improvisation withCharles Tournemire.[1]
After graduating, Langlais returned to the National Institute for Blind Children to teach, and also taught at theSchola Cantorum in Paris from 1961 to 1976. Many of his students went on to become important musicians, including organists and composers;[1][2] among them was the AmericanKathleen Thomerson, who later published a bio-bibliography about him. Another one wasMargreeth Chr. de Jong, a Dutch organist, composer and music educator.[3]
His first wife Jeannette asked his former student, personal recital liaison and friend Ann Labounsky in 1972 to write Langlais' biographyJean Langlais the Man and His Music, though it was not published until 2000; nine years after Langlais' death. Labounsky did her doctoral paper in 1991 on the life and works of Langlais and fortunately she was able to share some of it with Langlais before he died.[4] However Langlais was displeased as Labounsky was truthful in what she saw as Langlais wanted to be painted as the way he saw his truth.[4] Labounsky admitted that at times Langlais could be a complex person but Langlais did not see himself this way.[4] This was partly due to the region of Brittany in which he grew up as the Bretons considered themselves to be a proud people who loved to tell folklore.[5]
It was as an organist that Langlais made his name, following in the footsteps ofCésar Franck and Charles Tournemire asorganiste titulaire at theBasilica of Sainte-Clotilde in Paris in 1945, a post in which he remained until 1988.[2] He was much in demand as a concert organist, and widely toured across Europe and the United States. His 3rd North American tour lasted from January through March 1956, and saw him play on both coasts.[6]
Langlais died in the15th arrondissement ofParis at the age of 84, and was survived by his second wife Marie-Louise Jaquet-Langlais and three children, Janine, Claude and Caroline. The position of organist at Sainte-Clotilde was succeeded to byJacques Taddei.
Langlais was a prolific composer, composing254 works withopus numbers, the first of which was hisPrelude and Fugue for organ (1927), and the last hisTrio (1990), another organ piece. Although best known as a composer of organ music and sacred choral music, he also composed a number of instrumental, orchestral and chamber works and some secular song settings.[7]
Langlais' music is written in a highly individual eclectic style, venturing well beyond what might be expected of mid-twentieth-century French music, with rich and complex harmonies and overlapping modes, sometimes more tonal than his contemporary, friend and countrymanOlivier Messiaen, sometimes related to his two predecessors at Sainte-Clotilde, Franck and Tournemire, but sometimes also employing serial techniques and often exhibiting an earthy, Celtic folkiness which owes not a little toBartók: "Il y a toujours des artichous dans sa musique"[This quote needs a citation] as one early reviewer wrote.
Owing to his blindness, Langlais's method of composition involved him thinking about the work in every detail over a long period, and only then writing it down in shorthandBraille. He would then dictate each note and its rhythmic value to anamanuensis (often his first wife Jeannette) to produce the full score.[8]
His best-known works include his four-part masses,Messe solennelle andMissa Salve Regina, hisMissa in simplicitate for unison voice and organ, and his many organ compositions, including:
Includes miscellaneous newsletters (Music at Michigan, Michigan Muse), bulletins, catalogs, programs, brochures, articles, calendars, histories, and posters.
