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Jean-Pierre Raffarin | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Raffarin in 2013 | |
| Prime Minister of France | |
| In office 6 May 2002 – 31 May 2005 | |
| President | Jacques Chirac |
| Preceded by | Lionel Jospin |
| Succeeded by | Dominique de Villepin |
| Member of theSenate | |
| In office 18 September 2005 – 4 October 2017 | |
| Constituency | Vienne |
| In office 1 October 2004 – 1 November 2004 | |
| Constituency | Vienne |
| In office 21 September 1997 – 6 June 2002 | |
| Constituency | Vienne |
| In office 2 October 1995 – 31 October 1995 | |
| Constituency | Vienne |
| Minister of Small and Medium Enterprises, Commerce and Crafts | |
| In office 18 May 1995 – 4 June 1997 | |
| Prime Minister | Alain Juppé |
| Preceded by | Alain Madelin |
| Succeeded by | Marylise Lebranchu |
| Member of the European Parliament | |
| In office 25 July 1989 – 18 May 1995 | |
| Constituency | France |
| President of the Regional Council ofPoitou-Charentes | |
| In office 19 December 1988 – 8 May 2002 | |
| Preceded by | Louis Fruchard |
| Succeeded by | Élisabeth Morin |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1948-08-03)3 August 1948 (age 77) |
| Party | The Republicans (2015–present) |
| Other political affiliations | Liberal Democracy (before 2002) UMP (2002–2015) |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 2 |
| Alma mater | Panthéon-Assas University ESCP Business School |
Jean-Pierre Raffarin (French:[ʒɑ̃pjɛʁʀafaʁɛ̃]ⓘ; born 3 August 1948) is a French politician who served asPrime Minister of France from 6 May 2002 to 31 May 2005 under PresidentJacques Chirac.
He resigned after France's rejection of thereferendum on theEuropean Union draft constitution. However, after Raffarin resigned, he said that his decision was not based on the outcome of the vote. Opinion polls following his resignation suggested that Raffarin was one of France's least popular prime ministers since theFifth Republic was established in 1958. However, according to the bookFrance: 1815–2003, written by Martin Evans and Emmanuel Godin, Raffarin was "a remarkably popular Prime Minister" despite his ability "to state the obvious and to make empty statements".
He was alsoVice President of the Senate from 2011 to 2014.
Born 3 August 1948, Raffarin grew up inPoitiers, the son of a prominent national figure: his fatherJean Raffarin was vice-minister of Agriculture in the government ofPierre Mendès France (1954–1955).[1] He studied law atUniversité Paris-Panthéon-Assas[2] and later graduated from theÉcole Supérieure de Commerce de Paris. He started his professional career in marketing.
In the 1970s, his first political commitment was in the association ofValéry Giscard d'Estaing's young supporters. Defining himself as a "giscardien", he joined the staff ofLionel Stoléru, Secretary of state for Manual Workers and Immigration, and theRepublican Party, the liberal-conservative component of the centre-right confederation theUnion for French Democracy (UDF).
In the 1980s, he started a career in local politics inPoitou-Charentes region. With the support ofRené Monory, the local political leader, he took the chair of the regional council in 1988.Seven years later, he was elected senator ofViennedépartement.
Governmental functions
Electoral mandates
European Parliament
Senate of France
Regional Council
Municipal Council
Political functions
During the1995 presidential campaign, while most UDF politicians supportedÉdouard Balladur, he chose the winning candidacy ofJacques Chirac. In return, he was nominated Minister of Small and Medium-sized Companies, Commerce and Craft Industry inAlain Juppé's cabinet (1995–1997).
At the same time, the pro-Chirac UDF members founded thePopular Party for French Democracy. Then, he returned in the Republican Party, becameLiberal Democracy (DL) in 1997. He was vice-president of DL until 2002.
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During the2002 presidential campaign, he advocated the union of the right behind the incumbent President Chirac. After his re-election, Chirac wished to give a sign of political renewal. Furthermore, elected in a special second round by a majority of left-wing voters, he searched for a moderate to lead the cabinet and theJune 2002 legislative campaign. Raffarin participated in the formation of theUnion for a Popular Movement (UMP). He criticized theAmerican-led intervention in Iraq.[3]
His political policies combinedauthority and moderate economical liberalism – that is, the support oflaissez-faire economic policies. In 2003 he launched reforms of the public retirement scheme and ofdecentralisation, which led to many strikes. During the summer of 2003 the country experienced an unusualheat wave which caused the death of nearly 15,000 people. The perceived late reaction of the government was blamed on his administration. In 2004 he began a reform of the French state-run health-care system.
Raffarin's governments were known for their internal quarrels with various ministers taking opposite positions in public. The alleged lack of authority of the Prime Minister was mocked by the media.
On 28 March 2004 the rulingUMP party suffered an important defeat during theregional elections, with all but onerégion out of 22 of mainland France going to the opposition (PS,PCF,Les Verts). This was generally interpreted, including by Raffarin himself in his post-election speech, as "a sign of distrust against the government from the electorate". On 30 March 2004 Jean-Pierre Raffarin tendered the resignation of his government to president Jacques Chirac, who immediately re-appointed him prime minister, with the delegation to form a new government. This major cabinet reshuffle removed some of its most controversial ministers likeLuc Ferry (education) orJean-François Mattei (health).
Raffarin's resignation was accepted by President Chirac on 30 May 2005, after the "no" victory at theEuropean Constitution referendum, and he was replaced as prime minister byDominique de Villepin.[4]
On 18 September 2005, he was elected Senator in the Viennedépartement. Speculation were that he could eventually try to becomePresident of the Senate or President of theUnion for a Popular Movement if Nicolas Sarkozy won the2007 presidential election. He became one of the Vice presidents of the UMP in 2007. In September 2008, he sought the Senate UMP fraction's investiture to become President of the Senate, but was defeated byGérard Larcher.
Raffarin is Grand Officer of theLegion of Honour and Grand Cross ofNational Order of Merit.
During a state visit to China on 21 April 2005 he avoided opposing the new"anti-secession" law on Taiwan, stating that "The anti-secession law is completely compatible with the position of France" and "The position of France has always been to 'one China' and we will remain attached to this position". On the embargo on weapons, he stated that "France continues to ask for a lifting of the embargo, and does not see what could lead the European Council to change position on that question".[5][6] By convention, foreign affairs are one of the President's—and not the Prime Minister's—sole responsibilities.
29 November 2004 – following a Nicolas Sarkozy's resignation to become president of theUMPscandal forcingHervé Gaymard resignation.
25 February 2005 – following a scandal forcing Gaymard's resignation
Jean-Pierre Raffarin was often teased for his optimisticaphorisms, known colloquially and ironically asraffarinades, the best known beingLa route est droite, mais la pente est forte ("The road is straight, but the slope is steep"). Some consider that the wordraffarinade was created in reference to the other French wordmazarinade. However,mazarinade refers to the songs that thefrondeurs (French revolutionaries during theRégence of Queen Anne – Archduchess of Austria – and chief ministerCardinal de Mazarin, before king Louis XIV's personal reign) sang to mock the unpopular chief minister.
Raffarin also tried his English prior to the referendum on the European draft Constitution but this turned out to be an ill-advised idea, as shown in this famous excerpt[7] from his speech: "Win the yes needs the no to win against the no." The referendum itself was eventually nicknamedle Raffarindum by its opponents whileJournée de solidarité envers les personnes âgées (Day of solidarity with the elderly) is sometimes referred to asla Saint-Raffarin by discontented workers (following a decision by Raffarin, French workers are supposed to work onWhit Monday for free, but public transportation still uses its "Sundays and holidays" timetable).
| Ribbon bar | Honour | Country | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Grand Officer of theLegion of Honour | France | 2008 |
 | Grand Cross of theNational Order of Merit | France | 2002 |
 | Knight of theNational Order of Quebec | Canada | 2003 |
 | Grand Cross of theOrder of the Star of Romania | Romania | 2004 |
| Order of Friendship | China | 2019 |
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Minister of Commerce 1995–1997 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Prime Minister of France 2002–2005 | Succeeded by |
| Order of precedence | ||
| Preceded byas Former Prime Minister | Order of precedence of France Former Prime Minister | Succeeded byasFormer Prime Minister |
