Jaysh al-Mu'ammal
Logo of Jaysh al-Mu'ammal; the text reads "The Islamic Resistance Movement in Iraq and al-Sham [Syria]: Jaysh al-Mu'ammal"[1]
Leaders	Sa'ad Sawar
Split from	Sadrist Movement (Peace Companies)
Headquarters	Sadr City,Baghdad
Active regions	Iraq Syria (until 2024)
Ideology	ShiaIslamism Sadrist Thought Shia solidarity
Size	Unknown
Part of	Popular Mobilization Forces[2]
Allies	Iran Ba'athist Syria (until 2024) Iraqi Shia private militias Islamic Dawa Party (Nouri al-Maliki)
Opponents	Islamic State Syrian Rebels (until 2024) Syria (since 2024)

Jaysh al-Mu'ammal (Arabic:جَيْش الْمُؤَمَّل,romanized: Jayš al-Muʾammal,lit. 'The Expected Army'), also known asLiwa al-Mu'ammal^[3] or as thePopular Mobilization Forces'99th Brigade, is aShiaIslamistIraqi private militia that is led by Sa'ad Sawar and has fought in theSyrian Civil War andIraqi Civil War. Founded as a splinter faction of theSadrist Movement, Jaysh al-Mu'ammal is supported byIran and formerIraqi Prime MinisterNouri al-Maliki.

Jaysh al-Mu'ammal reportedly emerged due to disputes among the IraqiSadrist Movement.^[3][4] After theSyrian Civil War's outbreak,Muqtada al-Sadr had decided not to aid the Syrian government ofBashar al-Assad, which led to discontent among his followers. One of the leading commanders of the SadristPeace Companies, Sa'ad Sawar, openly broke with Muqtada al-Sadr and travelled toDamascus,^[5][2] where he joined another Iraqi militia,Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham, to fight against the Syrian insurgents.^[4]

As time went on, disputes over the leadership and course of the Sadrist Movement continued, with a number of factions breaking off.^[3] After returning to Iraq, Sa'ad Sawar consequently managed to rally a substantial number of dissatisfied Sadrists to his cause,^[5] and announced the foundation of "Jaysh al-Mu'ammal" in June 2016.^[3] The new group reportedly received substantial aid fromNouri al-Maliki, the formerPrime Minister of Iraq and a rival to Muqtada al-Sadr,^[3] who provided Jaysh al-Mu'ammal with 3 millionUnited States dollar in cash, weapons worth $1,5 million, and the support from a number oftribal sheikhs in central and southern Iraq.^[5] Sa'ad Sawar also received support fromIran and other splinter faction of the Sadrist Movements as well, such asAsa'ib Ahl al-Haq.^[3]

Since then, Jaysh al-Mu'ammal has been operating in Syria^[4] and Iraq, where it has joined thePopular Mobilization Forces as "99th Brigade".^[2] By mid-2018, Jaysh al-Mu'ammal was involved in anti-ISILcounter-insurgency operations inSaladin Governorate.^[6]

Led by Sa'ad Sawar, Jaysh al-Mu'ammal is headquartered inSadr City,Baghdad,^[3] where it also recruits most of its forces.^[4] A number of pro-Nouri al-Maliki elements in central and southern Iraq have also joined the group or at least provide support.^[5]

Unlike Muqtada al-Sadr, who is focused on Iraq, Sa'ad Sawar has emphasized his readiness to provide military support to Shia groups outside of his home country. His group consequently operates in both Iraq as well as Syria, and has also declared its willingness to support theHouthis in theYemeni Civil War, and to fight with theBahraini opposition against theSunniHouse of Khalifa.^[3]

• List of armed groups in the Iraqi Civil War
• List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War
• Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas

• AFPC (2017).The World Almanac of Islamism 2017.Lanham, Maryland;London;New York City:Rowman & Littlefield.ISBN 978-1442273443.

• Anti-ISIL factions in Iraq
• Anti-ISIL factions in Syria
• Pro-Assad factions of the Syrian civil war
• Shia Islamist groups
• Syrian Shia organizations
• 2016 establishments in Iraq
• Paramilitary forces of Iraq
• Factions of the Popular Mobilization Forces
• Jihadist groups in Iraq
• Jihadist groups in Syria
• Arab militant groups

• Articles with short description
• Short description matches Wikidata
• Articles containing Arabic-language text