TheJava language has undergone several changes sinceJDK 1.0 as well as numerous additions ofclasses and packages to the standardlibrary. Since J2SE 1.4, the evolution of the Java language has been governed by theJava Community Process (JCP), which usesJava Specification Requests (JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to theJava platform. The language is specified by theJava Language Specification (JLS); changes to the JLS are managed underJSR 901. In September 2017, Mark Reinhold, chief Architect of the Java Platform, proposed to change the release train to "one feature release every six months" rather than the then-current two-year schedule.[1][2] This proposal took effect for all following versions, and is still the current release schedule.
In addition to the language changes, other changes have been made to theJava Class Library over the years, which has grown from a few hundred classes in JDK 1.0 to over three thousand in J2SE 5. Entire newAPIs, such asSwing andJava2D, have been introduced, and many of the original JDK 1.0 classes and methods have beendeprecated, and very few APIs have been removed (at least one, for threading, in Java 22[3]). Some programs allow the conversion of Java programs from one version of theJava platform to an older one (for example Java 5.0 backported to 1.4) (seeJava backporting tools).
Regarding Oracle'sJava SE support roadmap,[4] Java SE 23 is the latest version, while versions 21, 17, 11 and 8 are the currently supportedlong-term support (LTS) versions, where Oracle Customers will receive Oracle Premier Support. Oracle continues to release no-cost public Java 8 updates for development[4] and personal use indefinitely. Oracle also continues to release no-cost public Java 17 LTS updates for all users, including commercial and production use until September 2024.[5]
In the case ofOpenJDK, both commercial long-term support andfree software updates are available from multiple organizations in the broadercommunity.[6]
Java 23 was released on 17 September 2024. Java 24 has a Final Release Candidate and is set for release on 18 March 2025.
| Version | Type | Class file format version[7] | Release date | End of public updates (free) | End of extended support (paid) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old version, not maintained: JDK 1.0 | 45[8] | 23 January 1996 | May 1996 | — | |
| Old version, not maintained: JDK 1.1 | 45 | 18 February 1997 | October 2002 | — | |
| Old version, not maintained: J2SE 1.2 | 46 | 4 December 1998 | November 2003 | — | |
| Old version, not maintained: J2SE 1.3 | 47 | 8 May 2000 | March 2006 | — | |
| Old version, not maintained: J2SE 1.4 | 48 | 13 February 2002 | October 2008 | — | |
| Old version, not maintained: J2SE 5.0 (1.5) | 49 | 30 September 2004 | October 2009 | — | |
| Old version, not maintained: Java SE 6 (1.6) | 50 | 11 December 2006 | April 2013 for Oracle December 2018 for Azul[9] | December 2016 for Red Hat[10] October 2018 for Oracle[11] December 2027 for Azul[9] March 2028 for BellSoft Liberica[12] | |
| Old version, not maintained: Java SE 7 (1.7) | 51 | 28 July 2011 | July 2015 for Oracle July 2022 for Azul[9] September 2022 for IBM Java SDK[13] | June 2020 for Red Hat[10] July 2022 for Oracle[14] December 2027 for Azul[9] March 2028 for BellSoft Liberica[12] | |
| Old version, still maintained: Java SE 8 (1.8) | LTS | 52 | 18 March 2014 | April 2019 for Oracle November 2026 for Eclipse Temurin[15] November 2026 for Red Hat[10] November 2026 for Azul[9] December 2030 for Amazon Corretto[16] April 2025 for IBM Java SDK[13] November 2026 for IBM Semeru Runtimes[17] | December 2030 for Oracle[4] December 2030 for Azul[9] March 2031 for BellSoft Liberica[12] |
| Old version, not maintained: Java SE 9 (1.9) | 53 | 21 September 2017 | March 2018 | — | |
| Old version, not maintained: Java SE 10 (1.10) | 54 | 20 March 2018 | September 2018 | — | |
| Old version, still maintained: Java SE 11 | LTS | 55 | 25 September 2018 | April 2019 for Oracle September 2027 for Microsoft Build of OpenJDK[18] October 2024 for Red Hat[10] October 2027 for Eclipse Temurin[15] October 2027 for Azul[9] January 2032 for Amazon Corretto[16] January 2032 for Azul[9] October 2027 for IBM Semeru Runtimes[17] | January 2032 for Azul[9] March 2032 for BellSoft Liberica[12] October 2027 for Red Hat[10] January 2032 for Oracle[4] |
| Old version, not maintained: Java SE 12 | 56 | 19 March 2019 | September 2019 | — | |
| Old version, not maintained: Java SE 13 | 57 | 17 September 2019 | March 2020 | — | |
| Old version, not maintained: Java SE 14 | 58 | 17 March 2020 | September 2020 | — | |
| Old version, not maintained: Java SE 15 | 59 | 16 September 2020 | March 2021 | — | |
| Old version, not maintained: Java SE 16 | 60 | 16 March 2021 | September 2021 | — | |
| Old version, still maintained: Java SE 17 | LTS | 61 | 14 September 2021 | September 2024 for Oracle[4] September 2027 for Microsoft Build of OpenJDK[18] October 2027 for Eclipse Temurin[15] October 2027 for Red Hat[10] October 2029 for Amazon Corretto[16] September 2029 for Azul[9] October 2027 for IBM Semeru Runtimes[17] | September 2029 for Oracle[4] March 2030 for BellSoft Liberica[12] |
| Old version, not maintained: Java SE 18 | 62 | 22 March 2022 | September 2022 | — | |
| Old version, not maintained: Java SE 19 | 63 | 20 September 2022 | March 2023 | — | |
| Old version, not maintained: Java SE 20 | 64 | 21 March 2023 | September 2023 | — | |
| Old version, still maintained: Java SE 21 | LTS | 65 | 19 September 2023 | September 2028 for Oracle[4] September 2028 for Microsoft Build of OpenJDK[18] December 2029 for Red Hat[10] December 2029 for Eclipse Temurin[15] October 2030 for Amazon Corretto[16] September 2031 for Azul[9] December 2029 for IBM Semeru Runtimes[17] | September 2031 for Oracle[4] March 2032 for BellSoft Liberica[12] |
| Old version, not maintained: Java SE 22 | 66 | 19 March 2024 | September 2024 | — | |
| Latest version:Java SE 23 | 67 | 17 September 2024 | March 2025 for Oracle September 2032 for Azul[9] March 2025 for IBM Semeru Runtimes[17] | — | |
| Future version: Java SE 24 | 68 | March 2025 | September 2025 | — | |
| Future version: Java SE 25 | LTS | 69 | September 2025 | September 2030 for Oracle[4] | September 2033 for Oracle[4] March 2034 for BellSoft Liberica[12] |
Legend: Old version, not maintained Old version, still maintained Latest version Latest preview version Future version | |||||
| Released | 23 January 1996 (29 years ago) (1996-01-23) |
|---|
The first version was released on January 23, 1996.[19][20] The first stable version, JDK 1.0.2, is called Java 1.[20]
| Released | 19 February 1997 (28 years ago) (1997-02-19) |
|---|
Major additions in the release on February 19, 1997 included:[21]
| Codename | Playground |
|---|---|
| Released | 8 December 1998 (26 years ago) (1998-12-08) |
The release on December 8, 1998 and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded retrospectivelyJava 2 and the version name "J2SE" (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). This was a very significant release of Java as it tripled the size of the Java platform to 1520 classes in 59 packages. Major additions included:[23]
strictfp keyword (by JVM 17 an obsolete keyword, should not be used in new code)| Codename | Kestrel |
|---|---|
| Released | 8 May 2000 (24 years ago) (2000-05-08) |
The most notable changes in the May 8, 2000 release were:[24][25]
Java 1.3 is the last release of Java to officially support MicrosoftWindows 95.[26]
| Codename | Merlin |
|---|---|
| Released | 6 February 2002 (23 years ago) (2002-02-06) |
| Support ended | |
| Public | October 2008 (2008-10) |
| Paid | February 2013 (2013-2) |
The February 6, 2002 release was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process asJSR 59. Major changes included:[27][28]
java.util.prefs)Public support and security updates for Java 1.4 ended in October 2008. Paid security updates for Oracle customers ended in February 2013.[29]
| Codename | Tiger |
|---|---|
| Released | 30 September 2004 (20 years ago) (2004-09-30) |
| Support ended | |
| Public | November 2009 (2009-11) |
| Paid | April 2015 (2015-4) |
The release on September 30, 2004 was originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number. The number was changed to "better reflect the level of maturity, stability, scalability and security of the J2SE".[30] This version was developed underJSR 176.
Java SE 5 entered its end-of-public-updates period on April 8, 2008; updates are no longer available to the public as of November 3, 2009. Updates were available to paid Oracle customers until May 2015.[4]
Tiger added a number of significant new language features:[31][32]
int) andprimitive wrapper classes (such asInteger) (specified byJSR 201)enum keyword creates atypesafe, ordered list of values (such asDay.MONDAY,Day.TUESDAY, etc.); previously this could only be achieved by non-typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern) (specified byJSR 201)void drawtext(String... lines)); in the calling code any number of parameters of that type can be used and they are then placed in an array to be passed to the method, or alternatively the calling code can pass an array of that typefor each loop: thefor loop syntax is extended with special syntax for iterating over each member of either an array or anyIterable, such as the standardCollection classes (specified byJSR 201)There were also the following improvements to the standard libraries:
java.util.concurrent[34]Java 5 is the last release of Java to officially support MicrosoftWindows 98 andWindows ME,[35] whileWindows Vista was the newest version of Windows that Java SE 5 was supported on prior to Java 5 going end-of-life in October of 2009.[29]
Java 5 Update 5 (1.5.0_05) is the last release of Java to work onWindows 95 (withInternet Explorer 5.5 installed) andWindows NT 4.0.[36]
Java 5 was first available on Apple Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger)[37] and was the default version of Java installed on Apple Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard).
Public support and security updates for Java 1.5 ended in November 2009. Paid security updates for Oracle customers ended in April 2015.
This version introduced a new versioning system for the Java language, although the old versioning system continued to be used for developer libraries:
Both version numbers "1.5.0" and "5.0" are used to identify this release of the Java 2 Platform Standard Edition. Version "5.0" is the product version, while "1.5.0" is the developer version. The number "5.0" is used to better reflect the level of maturity, stability, scalability and security of the J2SE.
— "Version 1.5.0 or 5.0?", Java release notes[38]
This correspondence continued through later releases (Java 6 = JDK 1.6, Java 7 = JDK 1.7, and so on).
| Codename | Mustang |
|---|---|
| Released | 11 November 2006 (18 years ago) (2006-11-11) |
| Support ended | |
| Public | February 2013 (2013-2) |
As of the version released on December 11, 2006, Sun replaced the name "J2SE" withJava SE and dropped the ".0" from the version number.[39] Internal numbering for developers remains 1.6.0.[40]
This version was developed underJSR 270.
During the development phase, new builds including enhancements and bug fixes were released approximately weekly. Beta versions were released in February and June 2006, leading up to a final release that occurred on December 11, 2006.
Major changes included in this version:[41][42]
Java 6 can be installed toMac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) running on 64-bit (Core2 Duo and higher) processor machines.[46] Java 6 is also supported by both 32-bit and 64-bit machines running Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard).
Java 6 reached the end of its supported life in February 2013, at which time all public updates, including security updates, were scheduled to be stopped.[47][48] Oracle released two more updates to Java 6 in March and April 2013, which patched some security vulnerabilities.[49][50]
After Java 6 release, Sun, and later Oracle, released several updates which, while not changing any public API, enhanced end-user usability or fixed bugs.[51]
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 6 | 2006-12-23 | This release adds many enhancements in the fields of Web services, scripting, databases, pluggable annotations, and security, as well as quality, compatibility, and stability. JConsole is now officially supported. Java DB support has been added. |
| Java SE 6 Update 1[citation needed] | 2007-05-07 | |
| Java SE 6 Update 2[citation needed] | 2007-07-03 | |
| Java SE 6 Update 3[citation needed] | 2007-10-03 | |
| Java SE 6 Update 4[citation needed] | 2008-01-14 | HotSpot VM 10 |
| Java SE 6 Update 5[citation needed] | 2008-03-05 | Several security flaws were eliminated. New root certificates from AOL, DigiCert, and TrustCenter are now included. |
| Java SE 6 Update 6[citation needed] | 2008-04-16 | A workaround for the infamous Xlib/XCB locking assertion issue was introduced. A memory leak when using Kerberos authentication with LoginContext was fixed. Several other bugs were fixed. |
| Java SE 6 Update 7[citation needed] | Unofficially, Java SE 6 Update 7 (1.6.0.7) is the last version of Java that was shown to be working on the Win9x family of operating systems[citation needed] | |
| Java SE 6 Update 10[citation needed] | 2008-10-15 | HotSpot VM 11. Major changes for this update include:
|
| Java SE 6 Update 11[54][citation needed] | 2008-12-03 | 13 security fixes[citation needed] |
| Java SE 6 Update 12[citation needed] | 2008-12-12 | No security fixes; 64-bit Java plug-in (for 64-bit web browsers only);Windows Server 2008 support; performance improvements of graphics andJavaFX applications |
| Java SE 6 Update 13[citation needed] | 2009-03-24 | 7 security fixes, JNDI store and retrieve Java objects in LDAP slightly modified, JMX Change (createMBeanunregisterMBean), 4 new root certificates added |
| Java SE 6 Update 14[citation needed] | 2009-05-28 | HotSpot VM 14. This release includes extensive performance updates to the JIT compiler, compressed pointers for 64-bit machines, as well as support for theG1 (Garbage First) low-pause garbage collector.[55][56] The Some developers have noticed an issue introduced in this release which causes debuggers to miss breakpoints seemingly randomly.[57] Sun has a corresponding bug, which is tracking the issue. The workaround applies to the Client and Server VMs.[58] Using the |
| Java SE 6 Update 15[citation needed] | 2009-08-04 | Introduced patch-in-place functionality |
| Java SE 6 Update 16[citation needed] | 2009-08-11 | Fixed the issue introduced in update 14 which caused debuggers to miss breakpoints |
| Java SE 6 Update 17[citation needed] | 2009-11-04 | Security fixes; two new root certificates |
| Java SE 6 Update 18[citation needed] | 2010-01-13 | No security fixes; Hotspot VM 16; support forUbuntu 8.04 LTS Desktop Edition, SLES 11,Windows 7,Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3,Firefox 3.6, VisualVM 1.2; updated Java DB; many performance improvements |
| Java SE 6 Update 19[citation needed] | 2010-03-30 | Security fixes; root certificate changes: seven new, three removed, five replaced with stronger signature algorithms; interim fix for TLS renegotiation attack |
| Java SE 6 Update 20[citation needed] | 2010-04-15 | 2 security fixes |
| Java SE 6 Update 21[citation needed] | 2010-07-07 | No security fixes; Hotspot VM 17; support forRed Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 and 5.5,Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.8, 5.4, 5.5;Google Chrome 4 support; support for Customized Loading Progress Indicators; VisualVM 1.2.2 |
| Java SE 6 Update 22[citation needed] | 2010-10-12 | 29 security fixes;RFC 5746 support |
| Java SE 6 Update 23[citation needed] | 2010-12-08 | No security fixes; Hotspot VM 19; better support for right-to-left languages |
| Java SE 6 Update 24[citation needed] | 2011-02-15 | 21 security fixes; updated Java DB |
| Java SE 6 Update 25[citation needed] | 2011-03-21 | No security fixes; Hotspot VM 20; support forInternet Explorer 9,Firefox 4 and Chrome 10; improved BigDecimal; includes "tiered" compilation in the Server VM that enables it to start quickly as does the Client VM, while achieving better peak performance (this feature is enabled by specifying-server and-XX:+TieredCompilation command options) |
| Java SE 6 Update 26[citation needed] | 2011-06-07 | 17 new security fixes;[59] last version compatible with Windows Vista SP1 |
| Java SE 6 Update 27[citation needed] | 2011-08-16 | No security fixes; certification for Firefox 5 |
| Java SE 6 Update 29[citation needed] | 2011-10-18 | 20 security fixes, various bug fixes[60] |
| Java SE 6 Update 30[citation needed] | 2011-12-12 | No security fixes; fix for SSL regression in Update 29; support forRed Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
| Java SE 6 Update 31[citation needed] | 2012-02-14 | 14 security fixes and one bug fix; last version work reliably forWindows 2000[61] |
| Java SE 6 Update 32[citation needed] | 2012-04-26 | No security fixes, various bug fixes |
| Java SE 6 Update 33[citation needed] | 2012-06-12 | 14 security fixes, improved VM configuration file loading |
| Java SE 6 Update 34[citation needed] | 2012-08-14 | No security fixes, various bug fixes |
| Java SE 6 Update 35[citation needed] | 2012-08-30 | Contains a security-in-depth fix[62] |
| Java SE 6 Update 37[citation needed] | 2012-10-16 | 30 security fixes |
| Java SE 6 Update 38[citation needed] | 2012-12-11 | Various bug fixes[citation needed] |
| Java SE 6 Update 39[citation needed] | 2013-02-01 | 50 security fixes |
| Java SE 6 Update 41[citation needed] | 2013-02-19 | 5 security fixes |
| Java SE 6 Update 43[citation needed] | 2013-03-04 | 2 security fixes |
| Java SE 6 Update 45[citation needed] | 2013-04-16 | 42 security fixes;[63] other changes; final public update.[64] |
| Java SE 6 Update 51 | 2013-06-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard, Lion & Mountain Lion; up to 40 security fixes[65] |
| Java SE 6 Update 65 | 2013-10-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard, Lion & Mountain Lion; at least 11 critical security fixes[66] |
| Java SE 6 Update 71 | 2014-01-14 | Not available for public download; 33 fixes[citation needed] |
| Java SE 6 Update 75 | 2014-04-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster no. #54; 25 security fixes[67] |
| Java SE 6 Update 81 | 2014-07-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes[68] |
| Java SE 6 Update 85 | 2014-10-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 security fixes[69] |
| Java SE 6 Update 91 | 2015-01-21 | Linux x64 and Windows i586 versions are available as the Java SE 6 Reference Implementation.[70] Other versions are only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes[71] |
| Java SE 6 Update 95 | 2015-04-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 14 security fixes[72] |
| Java SE 6 Update 101 | 2015-07-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 security fixes[73] Certification for IE 10 and 11 was introduced in 1.6.0_101 |
| Java SE 6 Update 105 | 2015-10-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 17 security fixes[74] |
| Java SE 6 Update 111 | 2016-01-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes[75] |
| Java SE 6 Update 113 | 2016-02-05 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix[76] |
| Java SE 6 Update 115 | 2016-04-21 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes[77] |
| Java SE 6 Update 121 | 2016-07-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes[78] |
| Java SE 6 Update 131 | 2016-10-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes[79] |
| Java SE 6 Update 141 | 2017-01-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 17 security fixes[80] |
| Java SE 6 Update 151 | 2017-04-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 10 security fixes[81] |
| Java SE 6 Update 161 | 2017-07-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes[82] |
| Java SE 6 Update 171 | 2017-10-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 7 security fixes[83] |
| Java SE 6 Update 181 | 2018-01-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 12 security fixes[84] |
| Java SE 6 Update 191 | 2018-04-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 7 security fixes[85] |
| Java SE 6 Update 201 | 2018-07-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 3 security fixes[86] |
| Java SE 6 Update 211 | 2018-10-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes[87] |
| Codename | Dolphin[88] |
|---|---|
| Released | 28 July 2011 (13 years ago) (2011-07-28) |
| Support ended | |
| Public | April 2015 (2015-4) |
| Paid | June 2022 (2022-6) |
Java 7 was a major update that launched on July 7, 2011[89] and was made available for developers on July 28, 2011.[90] The development period was organized into thirteen milestones; on June 6, 2011, the last of the thirteen milestones was finished.[90][91] On average, 8 builds (which generally included enhancements and bug fixes) were released per milestone. Thefeature list at the OpenJDK 7 project lists many of the changes.
Additions in Java 7 include:[92]
invokedynamic bytecode under JSR-292,[93] following the prototyping work currently done on theMulti Language Virtual Machine-XX:+UseCompressedOops)[95]<>[99]java.nio.file,java.nio.file.attribute andjava.nio.file.spi[105][106]Lambda (Java's implementation oflambda functions), Jigsaw (Java's implementation ofmodules), and part of Coin were dropped from Java 7, and released as part of Java 8 (except forJigsaw, which was released in Java 9).[109][110]
Java 7 was the default version to download on java.com from April 2012 until Java 8 was released.[111]
Oracle issued public updates to the Java 7 family on a quarterly basis[112] until April 2015 when the product reached the end of its public availability.[113] Further updates for JDK 7, which continued until July 2022, are only made available to customers with a support contract.[114]
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 7[115] | 2011-07-28 | Initial release;HotSpot VM 21 |
| Java SE 7 Update 1[citation needed] | 2011-10-18 | 20 security fixes, other bug fixes |
| Java SE 7 Update 2[citation needed] | 2011-12-12 | No security fixes; HotSpot VM 22; reliability and performance improvements; support forSolaris 11 and Firefox 5 and later;JavaFX included with Java SE JDK, improvements for web-deployed applications |
| Java SE 7 Update 3[citation needed] | 2012-02-14 | 14 security fixes[116] |
| Java SE 7 Update 4[citation needed] | 2012-04-26 | No security updates; HotSpot VM 23; JDK Support for Mac OS X |
| Java SE 7 Update 5[citation needed] | 2012-06-12 | 14 security fixes[117] |
| Java SE 7 Update 6[citation needed] | 2012-08-14 | JavaFX andJava Access Bridge included in Java SE JDK and JRE installation, JavaFX support for touch-enabled monitors and touch pads, JavaFX support forLinux, JDK and JRE Support for Mac OS X, JDK for Linux on ARM[118] |
| Java SE 7 Update 7[citation needed] | 2012-08-30 | 4 security fixes[62] |
| Java SE 7 Update 9[citation needed] | 2012-10-16 | 30 security vulnerabilities fixes[119] |
| Java SE 7 Update 10[citation needed] | 2012-12-11 | New security features, such as the ability to disable any Java application from running in the browser and new dialogs to warn you when the JRE is insecure, and bug fixes |
| Java SE 7 Update 11[citation needed] | 2013-01-13 | Olson Data 2012i; bugfix for problems with registration of plugin on systems with Stand-alone version of JavaFX Installed, security fixes forCVE-2013-0422;[120] the default security level for Java applets and web start applications has been increased from "Medium" to "High" |
| Java SE 7 Update 13[121][citation needed] | 2013-02-01 | 50 security fixes |
| Java SE 7 Update 15[citation needed] | 2013-02-19 | 5 security fixes |
| Java SE 7 Update 17[citation needed] | 2013-03-04 | 2 security fixes |
| Java SE 7 Update 21[citation needed] | 2013-04-16 | Multiple changes including 42 security fixes, a new Server JRE that does not include the plug-in, and the JDK for Linux on ARM |
| Java SE 7 Update 25[citation needed] | 2013-06-18 | Multiple changes including 40 security fixes[65][122] |
| Java SE 7 Update 40[citation needed] | 2013-09-10 | 621 bug fixes,[123] New security features,hardfloat ARM, Java Mission Control 5.2 andRetina Display support[124] |
| Java SE 7 Update 45[citation needed] | 2013-10-15 | 51 security fixes;[66] protections against unauthorized redistribution of Java applications; restore security prompts; JAXP changes; TimeZone.setDefault change |
| Java SE 7 Update 51[citation needed] | 2014-01-14 | 36 security fixes; block JAVA applets without manifest (like Remote console—Java Applet—IBM IMM card, HP iLO card) even if warning dialog is with sentence "will be blocked in next version",[125][126] 17 bug fixes |
| Java SE 7 Update 55[citation needed] | 2014-04-15 | 37 security fixes,[67] 19 bug fixes[127] |
| Java SE 7 Update 60[citation needed] | 2014-05-28 | Java Mission Control 5.3,[128] 130 bug fixes[129] |
| Java SE 7 Update 65[citation needed] | 2014-07-15 | 18 bug fixes[citation needed] |
| Java SE 7 Update 67[citation needed] | 2014-08-04 | 1 bug fix |
| Java SE 7 Update 71[citation needed] | 2014-10-14 | 16 bug fixes[citation needed] |
| Java SE 7 Update 72[citation needed] | 2014-10-14 | Same release date with Update 71 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7,[130] 36 bug fixes[citation needed] |
| Java SE 7 Update 75[citation needed] | 2015-01-20 | 12 bug fixes,[citation needed] SSLv3 disabled by default |
| Java SE 7 Update 76[citation needed] | 2015-01-20 | Same release date with Update 75 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7,[130] 97 bug fixes[citation needed] |
| Java SE 7 Update 79[citation needed] | 2015-04-14 | 21 security fixes, 6 bug fixes,[citation needed] |
| Java SE 7 Update 80[citation needed] | 2015-04-14 | Last public release of Java 7; same release date with Update 79 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7, 104 bug fixes[citation needed] |
| Java SE 7 Update 85 | 2015-07-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 25 security fixes[131] |
| Java SE 7 Update 91 | 2015-10-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 20 security fixes[132] |
| Java SE 7 Update 95 | 2016-01-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes[133] |
| Java SE 7 Update 97 | 2016-02-05 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix[76] |
| Java SE 7 Update 99 | 2016-03-23 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix[134] |
| Java SE 7 Update 101 | 2016-04-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 22 security fixes[135] |
| Java SE 7 Update 111 | 2016-07-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 36 security fixes[78] |
| Java SE 7 Update 121 | 2016-10-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 32 security fixes[79] |
| Java SE 7 Update 131 | 2017-01-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 34 security fixes[80] |
| Java SE 7 Update 141 | 2017-04-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes[136] |
| Java SE 7 Update 151 | 2017-07-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 4 security fixes[82] |
| Java SE 7 Update 161 | 2017-10-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 4 security fixes[83] |
| Java SE 7 Update 171 | 2018-01-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 51 security fixes[84] |
| Java SE 7 Update 181 | 2018-04-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 12 security fixes[85] |
| Java SE 7 Update 191 | 2018-07-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 9 security fixes[86] |
| Java SE 7 Update 201 | 2018-10-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes[87] |
| Java SE 7 Update 211 | 2019-01-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes[137] |
| Java SE 7 Update 221 | 2019-04-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes[138] |
| Java SE 7 Update 231 | 2019-07-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 6 security fixes[139] |
| Java SE 7 Update 241 | 2019-10-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes[140] |
| Java SE 7 Update 251 | 2020-01-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 12 security fixes[141] |
| Java SE 7 Update 261 | 2020-04-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes[142] |
| Java SE 7 Update 271 | 2020-07-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes[143] |
| Java SE 7 Update 281 | 2020-10-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes[144] |
| Java SE 7 Update 291 | 2021-01-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fixes[145] |
| Java SE 7 Update 301 | 2021-04-12 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes[146] |
| Java SE 7 Update 311 | 2021-07-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 24 bug fixes[147] |
| Java SE 7 Update 321 | 2021-10-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 16 bug fixes[148] |
| Java SE 7 Update 331 | 2022-01-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 bug fixes[149] |
| LTS version | |
| Released | 18 March 2014 (10 years ago) (2014-03-18) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 8 |
Java 8 was released on March 18, 2014,[150][151] and included some features that were planned for Java 7 but later deferred.[152]
Work on features was organized in terms ofJDK Enhancement Proposals (JEPs).[153]
Java 8 is not supported onWindows XP[162] but as of JDK 8 update 25, it can still be installed and run under Windows XP.[163] Previous updates of JDK 8 could be run under XP by downloading archived zip format file and unzipping it for the executable. The last version of Java 8 could run on XP is update 251.
From October 2014, Java 8 was the default version to download (and then again the download replacing Java 9) from the official website.[164] "Oracle will continue to provide Public Updates and auto updates of Java SE 8, Indefinitely for Personal Users".[165]
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 8 | 2014-03-18 | Initial release |
| Java SE 8 Update 5[166] | 2014-04-15 | Using "*" inCaller-Allowable-Codebase attribute; 11 bug fixes |
| Java SE 8 Update 11[167] | 2014-07-15 | Java Dependency Analysis Tool (jdeps); Java Control Panel option to disable sponsors; JAR file attribute – Entry-Point; JAXP processing limit property – maxElementDepth; 18 security bug fixes,[168] 15 bug fixes |
| Java SE 8 Update 20[169] | 2014-08-19 | 669 bug fixes,[170] JMC 5.4, String deduplication (disabled by default) |
| Java SE 8 Update 25[171] | 2014-10-14 | 10 bug fixes |
| Java SE 8 Update 31[172] | 2015-01-19 | 26 bug fixes; SSLv3 (disabled by default) |
| Java SE 8 Update 40[173] | 2015-03-03 | 645 bug fixes,[174] Added the notion of "memory pressure" to help indicate how much of system's memory is still available (low pressure = high memory, high pressure = low memory) |
| Java SE 8 Update 45[175] | 2015-04-14 | 13 bug fixes |
| Java SE 8 Update 51[176] | 2015-07-14 | Added support for native sandbox on Windows platforms (disabled by default); also, 25 security fixes, 14 bug fixes |
| Java SE 8 Update 60[177] | 2015-08-18 | 480 bug fixes[178] |
| Java SE 8 Update 65[179] | 2015-10-20 | 25 security fixes, 3 bug fixes |
| Java SE 8 Update 66[180] | 2015-11-16 | 15 bug fixes |
| Java SE 8 Update 71[181] | 2016-01-19 | 8 security fixes, 5 bug fixes[182] |
| Java SE 8 Update 72[183] | 2016-01-19 | 8 security fixes, 5 bug fixes, several enhancements |
| Java SE 8 Update 73[184] | 2016-02-03 | 1 security fix |
| Java SE 8 Update 74[185] | 2016-02-03 | 1 security fix |
| Java SE 8 Update 77[186] | 2016-03-23 | 1 security fix |
| Java SE 8 Update 91[187] | 2016-04-19 | 9 security fixes, 4 bug fixes and enhancements |
| Java SE 8 Update 92[188] | 2016-04-19 | Security and bug fixes from 8u91, plus 76 additional bug fixes; theExitOnOutOfMemoryError andCrashOnOutOfMemoryError flags have been introduced |
| Java SE 8 Update 101[189] | 2016-07-19 | Security and bug fixes from 8u92, plus 9 additional bug fixes |
| Java SE 8 Update 102[190] | 2016-07-19 | Security and bug fixes from 8u101, plus 118 additional bug fixes |
| Java SE 8 Update 111[191] | 2016-10-18 | 7 Security fixes and 9 bug fixes |
| Java SE 8 Update 112[192] | 2016-10-18 | Additional features and 139 bug fixes over 8u111 |
| Java SE 8 Update 121[193] | 2017-01-17 | 3 additional features, 5 changes, and 11 bug fixes over 8u112. |
| Java SE 8 Update 131[194] | 2017-04-18 | 4 changes and 42 bug fixes (2 notable). |
| Java SE 8 Update 141[195] | 2017-07-18 | Additional feature, 3 changes and 12 bug fixes. |
| Java SE 8 Update 144[196] | 2017-07-26 | 32 Security fixes and bug fixes from 8u141. |
| Java SE 8 Update 151[197] | 2017-10-17 | 22 Security fixes, 2 notes, 1 certificate revocation, 1 new feature, 6 changes and 24 bug fixes from 8u144. |
| Java SE 8 Update 152[198] | 2017-10-17 | Security fixes, 1 new feature, 1 change and 238 bug fixes from 8u151 (1 notable). |
| Java SE 8 Update 161[199] | 2018-01-16 | 21 Security fixes, 3 new features, 9 changes and 1 bug fix from 8u152. |
| Java SE 8 Update 162[200] | 2018-01-16 | Security fixes, 63 bug fixes. |
| Java SE 8 Update 171[201] | 2018-04-17 | Security fixes, bug fixes. |
| Java SE 8 Update 172[202] | 2018-04-17 | Security fixes, bug fixes. |
| Java SE 8 Update 181[203] | 2018-07-17 | Security fixes, bug fixes. |
| Java SE 8 Update 191[204] | 2018-10-16 | New features, changes, bug fixes, security fixes. |
| Java SE 8 Update 192[205] | 2018-10-16 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
| Java SE 8 Update 201[206] | 2019-01-15 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
| Java SE 8 Update 202[207] | 2019-01-15 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
| Java SE 8 Update 211[208] | 2019-04-16 | New features, changes, bug fixes.License Update. |
| Java SE 8 Update 212[209] | 2019-04-16 | New features (e.g. 5 currency symbols, including forBitcoin and "New Japanese Era NameReiwa"[209]), changes, bug fixes.License Update. |
| Java SE 8 Update 221[210] | 2019-07-16 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
| Java SE 8 Update 231[211] | 2019-10-15 | New features, changes, bug fixes and 18 security fixes. |
| Java SE 8 Update 241[212] | 2020-01-14 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
| Java SE 8 Update 251[213] | 2020-04-14 | New features, changes, bug fixes. The last version that was shown to be working on Windows XP unofficially. |
| Java SE 8 Update 261[214] | 2020-07-14 | New features, changes, 133 bug fixes.[215] |
| Java SE 8 Update 271[216] | 2020-10-20 | New features, changes, 65 bug fixes.[217] |
| Java SE 8 Update 281[218] | 2021-01-19 | New features, changes, 33 bug fixes.[219] |
| Java SE 8 Update 291[220] | 2021-04-20 | New features, changes, 28 bug fixes.[221] |
| Java SE 8 Update 301[222] | 2021-07-20 | New features, changes, 90 bug fixes.[223] |
| Java SE 8 Update 311[224] | 2021-10-19 | New features, changes, 52 bug fixes.[225] |
| Java SE 8 Update 321[226] | 2022-01-18 | New features, changes, 62 bug fixes.[227] |
| Java SE 8 Update 331[228] | 2022-04-19 | New features, changes, 37 bug fixes.[229] |
| Java SE 8 Update 333[230] | 2022-05-02 | Patch w/1 change and 2 bug fixes.[231] |
| Java SE 8 Update 341[232] | 2022-07-19 | New features, changes, 42 bug fixes.[233] |
| Java SE 8 Update 351[234] | 2022-10-18 | New features, changes, 95 bug fixes.[235] |
| Java SE 8 Update 361[236] | 2023-01-17 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
| Java SE 8 Update 371[237] | 2023-04-18 | |
| Java SE 8 Update 381[238] | 2023-07-18 | Security Patches |
| Java SE 8 Update 391[239] | 2023-10-17 | |
| Java SE 8 Update 401[240] | 2024-01-16 | |
| Java SE 8 Update 411[241] | 2024-04-16 | Update time zone data to IANA TZ Data 2024a, new features, changes, updates to third-party libraries, 37 bug fixes.[241] |
| Java SE 8 Update 421[242] | 2024-07-16 | |
| Java SE 8 Update 431[243] | 2024-10-15 | |
| Java SE 8 Update 441[244] | 2025-01-21 |
| Released | 21 September 2017 (7 years ago) (2017-09-21) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 9 |
| Support ended | |
| Public | March 2018 (2018-3) |
Java SE 9 was made available on September 21, 2017[245] due to controversial acceptance of the current implementation of Project Jigsaw by Java Executive Committee[246] which led Oracle to fix some open issues and concerns and to refine some critical technical questions. In the last days of June 2017, Java Community Process expressed nearly unanimous consensus on the proposed Module System scheme.[247]
java.util.concurrent.atomic andsun.misc.Unsafe operationsFlow class[251] that included the interfaces previously provided by Reactive Streams[252]The first Java 9 release candidate was released on August 9, 2017.[253] The first stable release of Java 9 was on September 21, 2017.[254]
AtJavaOne 2011, Oracle discussed features they hoped to release for Java 9 in 2016.[255] Java 9 should include better support for multi-gigabyte heaps, better native code integration, a different defaultgarbage collector (G1, for "shorter response times")[256] and aself-tuning JVM.[257] In early 2016, the release of Java 9 was rescheduled for March 2017[258] and later again postponed four more months to July 2017.[259]
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 9[260] | 2017-09-21 | Initial release |
| Java SE 9.0.1[261] | 2017-10-17 | New features
Known issues
Changes
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 9.0.4[263] | 2018-01-16 | New features
Changes
Bug fixes
|
| Released | 20 March 2018 (6 years ago) (2018-03-20) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 12 |
| Support ended | |
| Public | September 2018 (2018-9) |
OpenJDK 10 was released on March 20, 2018, with twelve new features confirmed.[265] Among these features were:
The first of these JEP 286Local-Variable Type Inference, allows thevar keyword to be used for local variables with the actual type calculated by the compiler. Due to this change, developers can do the following instead of manually specifying the variable's type:
varlist=newArrayList<String>();// infers ArrayList<String>varstream=list.stream();// infers Stream<String>
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 10[266] | 2018-03-20 | Initial release |
| Java SE 10.0.1[267] | 2018-04-17 | New features
Changes
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 10.0.2[269] | 2018-07-17 | Changes
Bug fixes
|
| LTS version | |
| Released | 25 September 2018 (6 years ago) (2018-09-25) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 17 |
| Removal(s) | |
| Notable | Java applets,Java Web Start,JavaFX,JavaEE, andCORBA modules |
JDK 11 was released on September 25, 2018 and the version is currently open for bug fixes. It offers LTS, orLong-Term Support. Among others, Java 11 includes a number of new features, such as:[271]
A number of features from previous releases were dropped; in particular,Java applets andJava Web Start are no longer available.JavaFX,Java EE andCORBA modules have been removed from JDK.[272]
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 11[273] | 2018-09-25 | Initial release |
| Java SE 11.0.1[274] | 2018-10-16 | Changes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.2[276] | 2019-01-15 | Known issues
Changes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.3[278] | 2019-04-16 | New features
Known issues
Changes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.4[280] | 2019-07-16 | New features
Removed features and options
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.5[282] | 2019-10-15 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.6[284] | 2020-01-14 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.7[286] | 2020-04-14 | New features
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.8[288] | 2020-07-14 | New features
Removed features and options
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.9[290] | 2020-10-20 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.10[292] | 2021-01-19 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.11[294] | 2021-04-20 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.12[296] | 2021-07-20 | New features
Removed features and options
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.13[298] | 2021-10-19 | New features
Removed features and options
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.14[300] | 2022-01-18 | New features
Removed features and options
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.15[302] | 2022-04-19 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.16[304] | 2022-07-19 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.16.1[306] | 2022-08-18 | Changes
|
| Java SE 11.0.17[307] | 2022-10-18 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.18[309] | 2023-01-17 | New features
Known issues
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.19[311] | 2023-04-18 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.20[313] | 2023-07-18 | New features
Known issues
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.21[315] | 2023-10-17 | New features
Removed features and options
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 11.0.22[317] | 2024-01-16 | New features
Known issues
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Released | 19 March 2019 (5 years ago) (2019-03-19) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 8 |
| Addition(s) | |
| Preview(s) | Enhancedswitch statements |
| Support ended | |
| Public | September 2019 (2019-9) |
JDK 12 was released on March 19, 2019. Among others, Java 12 includes a number of new features, such as:[319]
The preview feature JEP 325 extends theswitch statement so it can also be used as an expression, and adds a new form of case label where the right hand side is an expression. No break statement is needed. For complex expressions ayield statement can be used. This becomes standard in Java SE 14.
intndays=switch(month){caseJAN,MAR,MAY,JUL,AUG,OCT,DEC->31;caseAPR,JUN,SEP,NOV->30;caseFEB->{if(year%400==0)yield29;elseif(year%100==0)yield28;elseif(year%4==0)yield29;elseyield28;}};
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 12[320] | 2019-03-19 | Initial release |
| Java SE 12.0.1[321] | 2019-04-16 | Known issues
Changes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 12.0.2[323] | 2019-07-16 | Removed features and options
Other notes
|
| Released | 17 September 2019 (5 years ago) (2019-09-17) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 5 |
| Addition(s) | |
| Preview(s) | Enhancedswitch statements, text blocks |
| Support ended | |
| Public | March 2023 (2023-3)[324] |
JDK 13 was released on September 17, 2019. Java 13 includes the following new features, as well as "hundreds of smaller enhancements and thousands of bug fixes".[325]
JEP 355Text Blocks allows multiline string literals:
Stringhtml=""" <html lang="en"> <body> <p>Hello, world</p> </body> </html> """;
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 13[326] | 2019-09-17 | Initial release |
| Java SE 13.0.1[327] | 2019-10-15 | Other notes
|
| Java SE 13.0.2[328] | 2020-01-14 | Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Released | 17 March 2020 (4 years ago) (2020-03-17) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 16 |
| Addition(s) | |
| Notable | HelpfulNullPointerExceptions, enhancedswitch statements |
| Preview(s) | Pattern matching forinstanceof,records, text blocks |
| Incubating | jpackager, Foreign memory access |
| Removal(s) | |
| Notable | Remove Concurrent Mark Sweepgarbage collector |
| Support ended | |
| Public | September 2020 (2020-9) |
JDK 14 was released on March 17, 2020. Java 14 includes the following new features, as well as "hundreds of smaller enhancements and thousands of bug fixes".[330]
JEP 305,Pattern Matching for instanceof simplifies the common case of aninstanceof test being immediately followed by cast, replacing
if(objinstanceofString){Strings=(String)obj;System.out.println(s.length());}
with
if(objinstanceofStrings){System.out.println(s.length());}
JEP 359Records allows easy creation of simple immutableTuple-like classes.[331]
recordPoint(intx,inty){}Pointp=newPoint(3,4);System.out.println(p.x());
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 14[332] | 2020-03-17 | Initial release |
| Java SE 14.0.1[333] | 2020-04-14 | Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 14.0.2[335] | 2020-07-14 | Removed features and options
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Released | 15 September 2020 (4 years ago) (2020-09-15) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 14 |
| Addition(s) | |
| Notable | Hidden classes, ZGC (garbage collector), Shenandoah (garbage collector), text blocks |
| Preview(s) | Sealed classes,pattern matching ofinstanceof,records |
| Incubating | Foreign-memory access |
| Removal(s) | |
| Notable | JavaScript engine,Solaris andSPARC ports |
| Support ended | |
| Public | March 2023 (2023-3)[324] |
JDK 15 was released on September 15, 2020. Java 15 adds e.g. support formulti-line string literals (aka Text Blocks). The Shenandoah and Z garbage collectors (latter sometimes abbreviated ZGC) are now ready for use in production (i.e. no longer marked experimental). Support for Oracle'sSolaris operating system (and SPARC CPUs) is dropped (while still available in e.g. Java 11). The Nashorn JavaScript Engine is removed. Also removed some rootCA certificates.
JEP 360Sealed Classes adds sealed classes and interfaces that restrict which other classes or interfaces may extend or implement them. Only those classes specified in apermits clause may extend the class or interface.
packagecom.example.geometry;publicabstractsealedclassShapepermitsCircle,Rectangle,Square{...}
Together with records, sealed classes aresum types. They work well with other recent features like records, switch expressions, and pattern matching for instance-of. They all form part of a system for "Pattern matching in Java" first discussed byGavin Bierman andBrian Goetz, in September 2018.[337]
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 15[338] | 2020-09-15 | Initial release |
| Java SE 15.0.1[339] | 2020-10-20 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 15.0.2[341] | 2021-01-19 | Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Released | 16 March 2021 (3 years ago) (2021-03-16) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 17 |
| Addition(s) | |
| Notable | Windows/AArch64 Port, jpackager,pattern matching forinstanceof,records |
| Preview(s) | Sealed classes |
| Incubating | Foreignlinker, Foreign-memory access |
| Support ended | |
| Public | September 2021 (2021-9) |
JDK 16 was released on March 16, 2021. Java 16 removesAhead-of-Time compilation (andGraal JIT) options.[343] The Java implementation itself was and is still written inC++, while as of Java 16, more recentC++14 (but still not e.g.C++17 orC++20) is allowed. The code was also moved toGitHub, droppingMercurial as thesource control system.
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 16[344] | 2021-03-16 | Initial release |
| Java SE 16.0.1[345] | 2021-04-20 | Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 16.0.2[347] | 2021-07-20 | Removed features and options
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| LTS version | |
| Released | 14 September 2021 (3 years ago) (2021-09-14) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 14 |
| Addition(s) | |
| Notable | macOS/AArch64 Port,sealed classes |
| Preview(s) | Switchpattern matching |
| Incubating | Vector API, Foreign function & memory API |
| Removal(s) | |
| Notable | AOT compiler,RMI activation,strictfp keyword made obsolete (JEP 306) |
JDK 17 was released in September 2021.[349] Java 17 is the 2nd long-term support (LTS) release since switching to the new 6-month release cadence (the first being Java 11).
JEP 406 extends the pattern matching syntax used in instanceof operations to switch statements and expressions. It allows cases to be selected based on the type of the argument, null cases and refining patterns
Objecto=...;returnswitch(o){casenull->"Null";caseStrings->"String %s".formatted(s);caseLongl->"long %d".formatted(l);caseDoubled->"double %f".formatted(d);caseIntegeri&&i>0// refining patterns->"positive int %d".formatted(i);caseIntegeri&&i==0->"zero int %d".formatted(i);caseIntegeri&&i<0->"negative int %d".formatted(i);default->o.toString();};
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 17[350] | 2021-09-14 | Initial release |
| Java SE 17.0.1[351] | 2021-10-19 | Removed features and options
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 17.0.2[353] | 2022-01-18 | Removed features and options
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 17.0.3[355] | 2022-04-19 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 17.0.3.1[357] | 2022-05-02 | Changes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 17.0.4[359] | 2022-07-19 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 17.0.4.1[361] | 2022-08-18 | Changes
|
| Java SE 17.0.5[362] | 2022-10-18 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 17.0.6[364] | 2023-01-17 | New features
Known issues
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 17.0.7[366] | 2023-04-18 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 17.0.8[368] | 2023-07-18 | New features
Known issues
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 17.0.9[370] | 2023-10-17 | New features
Removed features and options
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 17.0.10[372] | 2024-01-16 | New features
Known issues
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Released | 22 March 2022 (2 years ago) (2022-03-22) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 9 |
| Addition(s) | |
| Notable |
|
| Preview(s) | Switch pattern matching |
| Incubating |
|
| Removal(s) | |
| Notable | Deprecated finalization for removal |
| Support ended | |
| Public | September 2022 (2022-9) |
JDK 18 was released on March 22, 2022.[374]
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 18[375] | 2022-03-22 | Initial release |
| Java SE 18.0.1[376] | 2022-04-19 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 18.0.1.1[378] | 2022-05-02 | core-libs/java.io
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 18.0.2[380] | 2022-07-19 | Removed features and options
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 18.0.2.1[382] | 2022-08-18 | Changes
|
| Released | 20 September 2022 (2 years ago) (2022-09-20) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 7 |
| Addition(s) | |
| Preview(s) |
|
| Incubating |
|
| Support ended | |
| Public | March 2023 (2023-3) |
JDK 19 was released on 20 September 2022.[383]
JEP 405 allows record patterns, extending the pattern matching capabilities of instanceof operators, and switch expressions, to include record patterns that explicitly refer to the components of the record.
recordRectangle(intx,inty,intw,inth){}intarea(Objecto){if(oinstanceofRectangle(intx,inty,intw,inth)){returnw*h;}return0;}
Such patterns can include nested patterns, where the components of records are themselves records, allowing patterns to match more object graphs.
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 19[384] | 2022-09-20 | Initial release |
| Java SE 19.0.1[385] | 2022-10-18 | Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 19.0.2[387] | 2023-01-17 | New features
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Released | 21 March 2023 (23 months ago) (2023-03-21) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 7 |
| Addition(s) | |
| Incubating | Scoped values |
| Support ended | |
| Public | September 2023 (2023-9) |
Java 20 was released on 21 March 2023.[389] All JEPs were either incubators or previews.
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 20[390] | 2023-03-21 | Initial release |
| Java SE 20.0.1[391] | 2023-04-18 | Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 20.0.2[393] | 2023-07-18 | New features
Known issues
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| LTS version | |
| Released | 19 September 2023 (17 months ago) (2023-09-19) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 15 |
| Addition(s) | |
| Notable | Record patterns, pattern matching for switch, virtual threads |
| Preview(s) | String templates, unnamed classes and main methods |
| Incubating | Vector API |
Java 21 was released on 19 September 2023.[395] The32-bit version of Java for Windows on x86 was deprecated for removal with this release. The following JEPs were added, including eight JEPs that graduated from the incubating and preview stages, compared to Java 20 which only had previewing and incubating JEPs. Java 21 introduces features first previewed in Java 17 (pattern matching forswitch statements) and Java 19 (record patterns). All JEPs added with Java 21 include the following:
JEP 445, previewing unnamed classes, allows for a barebones Main class without boilerplate code:
voidmain(){System.out.println("Hello, World!");}
instead of :
publicclassHelloWorld{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){System.out.println("Hello, World!");}}
| Release | Release date | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Java SE 21[396] | 2023-09-19 | Initial release |
| Java SE 21.0.1[397] | 2023-10-17 | Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 21.0.2[399] | 2024-01-16 | New features
Known issues
Issues fixed
Other notes
Bug fixes
|
| Java SE 21.0.3[401] | 2024-04-16 | New features
Known issues
Other notes
Updates to Third Party Libraries
Bug fixes
|
| Released | 19 March 2024 (11 months ago) (2024-03-19) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 12 |
| Addition(s) | |
| Notable | Foreign function and memory API, unnamed variables and patterns |
| Preview(s) | Structured concurrency, string templates |
| Incubating | Vector API |
| Support ended | |
| Public | September 2024 (2024-9) |
Java 22 was released on March 19, 2024.[403][404] The following features, or JEPs, were added with this release:
An API related to Java's threading implementation,java.lang.Thread.countStackFrames, was removed.[3][405]
| Released | 17 September 2024 (5 months ago) (2024-09-17) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 12 |
| Addition(s) | |
| Notable | Markdown documentation comments |
| Preview(s) | Primitive types in Patterns, instanceof, and switch, Class-File API, Stream Gatherers, Module import declarations, Implicitly declared classes and instance main methods, structured concurrency, scoped values, flexible constructor bodies |
| Incubating | Vector API |
Java 23 was released on September 17, 2024,[406][407][408] with the following JEPs:
The String Templates preview feature was removed in Java 23 due to issues with the design of the feature.[409]
| Releasing | 18 March 2025 (4 days' time) (2025-03-18) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 24 |
The specification for Java 24 was finalized in December 2024, with 24 JEPs making it into the release and it being scheduled for release on 18 March 2025.[410]
The following JEPs were targeted to this version of Java SE:[411]
| LTS version | |
| Releasing | September 2025 (6 months' time) (2025-09) |
|---|---|
| # of JEPs | 0 |
As of December 2024[update], the specification for Java 25 has not yet been finalized. Java 25 is scheduled for release in September 2025.[412]
The officially supportedJava platform, first developed at Sun and now stewarded by Oracle, isJava SE. Releases are based on theOpenJDK project, afree and open-source project with anopen development model. Other Java implementations exist, however—in part due to Java's early history asproprietary software. In contrast, some implementations were created to offer some benefits over the standard implementation, often the result of some area of academic or corporate-sponsored research. ManyLinux distributions include builds of OpenJDK through theIcedTea project started byRed Hat, which provides a more straightforwardbuild andintegration environment.
Visual J++ and theMicrosoft Java Virtual Machine were created as incompatible implementations. After theSun v. Microsoft lawsuit, Microsoft abandoned it and began work on the.NET platform. In 2021, Microsoft started distributing compatible "Microsoft Build of OpenJDK" for Java 11 first then also for Java 17. Their builds support not only Windows, but also Linux andmacOS.
Other proprietary Java implementations are available, such asAzul's Zing. Azul offers certified open source OpenJDK builds under the Zulu moniker.
Prior to the release of OpenJDK, while Sun's implementation was still proprietary, theGNU Classpath project was created to provide a free and open-source implementation of the Java platform. Since the release of JDK 7, when OpenJDK became the official reference implementation, the original motivation for the GNU Classpath project almost completely disappeared, and its last release was in 2012.
TheApache Harmony project was started shortly before the release of OpenJDK. After Sun's initial source code release, the Harmony project continued, working to provide an implementation under alax license, in contrast to theprotective license chosen for OpenJDK. Google later developedAndroid and released it under a lax license. Android incorporated parts of the Harmony project, supplemented with Google's ownDalvik virtual machine andART. Apache Harmony has since been retired, and Google has switched its Harmony components with equivalent ones from OpenJDK.
BothJikes andJikes RVM are open-source research projects that IBM developed.
Several other implementations exist that started as proprietary software but are now open source. IBM initially developedOpenJ9 as the proprietary J9[413] but has since relicensed the project and donated it to theEclipse Foundation.JRockit is a proprietary implementation that was acquired by Oracle and incorporated into subsequent OpenJDK versions.
ibmjdk was invoked but never defined (see thehelp page).semeru was invoked but never defined (see thehelp page).After April 2015, Oracle will no longer post updates of Java SE 7 to its public download sites. Existing Java SE 7 downloads already posted as of April 2015 will remain accessible in the Java Archive on the Oracle Technology Network. Developers and end-users are encouraged to update to more recent Java SE versions that remain available for public download in order to continue receiving public updates and security enhancements. [..] July 2015: Updates for Java 7 are no longer available to the public. Oracle offers updates to Java 7 only for customers who have purchased Java support or have Oracle products that require Java 7.
JDK 8 is not supported on Windows XP. Early versions of JDK 8 had known issues with the installer on Windows XP that prevented it from installing without manual intervention. This was resolved in JDK 8 Update 25. The important point here is that we can no longer provide complete guarantees for Java on Windows XP, since the OS is no longer being updated by Microsoft. We strongly recommend that users upgrade to a newer version of Windows that is still supported by Microsoft in order to maintain a stable and secure environment.
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