Jastrebarsko | |
|---|---|
| Grad Jastrebarsko Town of Jastrebarsko | |
 Jastrebarsko Town Hall | |
| Nickname: Jaska[1] | |
 Interactive map of Jastrebarsko | |
  Jastrebarsko Location of Jastrebarsko in Croatia | |
| Coordinates (Main square):45°40′19″N15°39′4″E / 45.67194°N 15.65111°E /45.67194; 15.65111 | |
| Country |  Croatia |
| Region | Central Croatia (Prigorje) |
| County |  Zagreb |
| First mentioned | 1249 |
| Free royal town | 1257 |
| Incorporated | November 30, 1995 |
| Settlements | 59 settlements |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Zvonimir Novosel (SDP)[2] |
| • Electoral district | 7th |
| Area | |
• Town | 226.4 km2 (87.4 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 19.6 km2 (7.6 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 628.71 km2 (242.75 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 154 m (505 ft) |
| Population (2021)[5] | |
• Town | 14,562 |
| • Density | 64.32/km2 (166.6/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 5,312 |
| • Urban density | 271/km2 (702/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code[6] | 10450, 10453, 10454 |
| Area code | +385-1 |
| License plates | ZG |
| Website | jastrebarsko |
Jastrebarsko (pronounced[jâstrebarsko];Hungarian:Jaska), colloquially known asJaska, is a town inZagreb County,Croatia.
In 1865, remnants of a Roman settlement were uncovered inRepišće,Klinča Sela, a village in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area. Furtherarcheological investigation in the late 20th century classified them as avilla rustica and anecropolis consisting of sixtumuli, both dating to the earlyRoman Empire period. The remnants are deemed to be the westernmost group ofNoric-Pannonian tumuli and they make a very rare occasion of tombstones located directly on top of tumuli, which is in the rest of Croatia recorded only inDonji Čehi. The location of this archeological site on thefluvial terraces of the local Konjava stream[i] is attributed to the peaceful state of the central Roman Empire, which in turn led to formation of settlements in river valleys.[7]
Sveta Marija pod Okićem (lit. 'Saint Mary under Okić') (locally nicknamed Grič), an archeological site located some 2.5 kilometers (1.6 mi) north of Repišće dating to 4th century, shows a migration from easily accessible locations to steeper hills and creation of isolated walledrefugia. This is attributed to the loss of stability in the Pannonian region and in the Empire overall. A necropolis belonging to Sveta Marija was found on the small valley of Popov Dol and small items were excavated therefrom. Those were mostly bronze bracelets and glass chalices, items that Romans buried with their deceased. Two similar sites were found in the vicinity:Pavlovčani andPlešivicapass.[7]
The name Jastrebarsko is derived fromjastreb, theCroatian word for 'hawk' or 'falcon'. This can be attributed to the practicers offalconry (Croatian:jastrebar, pl.jastrebari), who were active in the area of southwest Zagreb County. A remnant of falconry can also be found in the Jastrebarskocoat of arms, which features a yellowgoshawk on a blue blackground.[1] The first mention of this name is found in a 1249 document of the CroatianbanStjepan Gutkeled as "lands of Jastraburcza" (Latin:forenses de Jastraburcza). The town is therein described as atrade andjudicial center. In 1257Croato-Hungarian KingBela IV awarded Jastrebarsko the status of a "free royal trading center" (Croatian:slobodno kraljevsko trgovište) by the means of agolden bull.[1] This status helped Jastrebarsko combat the interests of localfeudal lords until the abolishment of thefeudal system by banJosip Jelačić in 1848.[1][ii]
From 1518 to 1848 Jastrebarsko is heavily influenced by the Croato-Hungarian noble familyErdödy.[1]
At theSlavonian Sabor of June 1579 inZagreb, the dange of leaving the river crossings atSveti Jakov,Luka andRečica unguarded was noted, so for their fortification the Sabor allocated workers from the feudal estates ofOzalj, Jastrebarsko,Steničnjak,Završje,Slavetić,Turanj (Sveta Jana) andKaptol Zagrebački.[8]: 24
The bansPetar II andToma II Erdödy were known for their victories against the spreadingOttoman Empire. Toma, son of Petar, won the 1593Battle of Sisak, a major and decisive battle in the Ottomans' centuries-longoccupation of Balkans. Later, in 1809 during the expansion ofNapoleon'sFirst French Empire, Jastrebarsko was for a short time incorporated in theIllyrian Provinces. This lasted until Summer 1813, when the French retreated from Croatia.[1]
Jastrebarsko started to rapidly develop following the 1848 abolishment of feudalism. TheZagreb–Karlovac railway was built in 1865, providing the town with a major source of employment. The local elementary school, founded in the 17th century, was augmented by a number of other cultural, social and sports organization, including a library, the singing society "Javor", association oftamburica players, thevolunteer fire brigade DVD "Drvoproizvod" (founded 1850),[9] and a theater and others.[1]
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Jastrebarsko was a district capital in theZagreb County of theKingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.
In the late 19th century, aMatica hrvatska branch opened in Jaska, with 25 members in 1891.[10]
During World War II, in the summer of 1942, the Erdödy Castle in the town was the site of aconcentration camp for Serb children operated by the authorities of theIndependent State of Croatia.[11]
Jastrebarsko is located in thePrigorje region ofCentral Croatia, built around the Reka Creek (Croatian:Potok Reka;reka isKajkavian dialect word forriver). On the west, Jastrebarsko is bordered by theŽumberak Mountain (Croatian:Žumberačka gora), amountain range spreading through southeastSlovenia and southwest Prigorje, specifically Žumberak municipality and City ofSamobor.[citation needed] The average altitude of the city is 154 metres (505 ft)[4] and the highest elevation in the Jastrebarsko metropolitan area is recorded on the 1,181-metre (3,875 ft)Sveta Gera summit of the Žumberak mountain, also claimed by Slovenia.[12][13]
Places adjacent to Jastrebarsko | |
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Jastrebarsko lies on both Zagreb–Split (Adriatic-Ionian highway) and Zagreb-Rijeka (Corridor Vb) rail and road corridors. There is a highway exit near Jastrebarsko on theA1 highway, located between theLučko interchange near Zagreb and theKarlovac interchange. This 37-kilometer (23 mi) stretch is the oldest modern highway in Croatia, dating back to 1970. The Zagreb–Karlovac–Rijeka magistral railroad M202, part of thePan-Europeancorridor Vb, passes through Jastrebarsko.[14] Jastrebarsko is served by a high-speedtilting train running between Zagreb and Rijeka andcommuter trains operating between the town and Zagreb.[15] The city administration has called for a traffic study in 2007 byIvan Dadić, a Croatian traffic expert, to solve the transport problems riddling Jastrebarsko's roads. Preliminary opinion by Dadić called for construction of four additional interchanges on the Zagreb–Karlovac stretch that would stop Jastrebarsko from being the bottleneck exit for all commuters living on the A1 corridor.[16]
The climate of Jastrebarsko is classified asmaritime temperate with a slightly drier winter (Cfwbx inKöppen climate classification system). The city experiences four separate seasons. Winters are mild and summers are cool and the dry season spans through the winter and early spring. The average January low is around −6 °C (21 °F), while the July high tends to be near 22 °C (72 °F). The average yearly temperature is 10 °C (50 °F). Record temperatures have been encountered in July 1983 (35.5 °C or 95.9 °F) and January 1985 (−25.5 °C or −13.9 °F). There are scientifically documented claims that theglobal warming affects the climate in Jastrebarsko by increasing average yearly temperature by 1.2 °C (2.1 °F).[17]
Between 1981 and 2014, the highest temperature recorded at the local weather station was 39.0 °C (102.2 °F), on 24 August 2012.[18] The coldest temperature was −25.5 °C (−13.9 °F), on 12 January 1985.[19]
| Climate data for Jastrebarsko | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) | 21.0 (69.8) | 26.0 (78.8) | 27.0 (80.6) | 30.0 (86.0) | 32.5 (90.5) | 35.5 (95.9) | 34.5 (94.1) | 33.5 (92.3) | 29.5 (85.1) | 21.5 (70.7) | 22.5 (72.5) | 35.5 (95.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) | 5.9 (42.6) | 8.5 (47.3) | 12.4 (54.3) | 18.1 (64.6) | 20.1 (68.2) | 21.8 (71.2) | 20.3 (68.5) | 18.5 (65.3) | 12.0 (53.6) | 6.6 (43.9) | 3.9 (39.0) | 10.8 (51.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) | 1.4 (34.5) | 5.6 (42.1) | 9.8 (49.6) | 14.9 (58.8) | 17.8 (64.0) | 19.8 (67.6) | 18.9 (66.0) | 15.1 (59.2) | 9.9 (49.8) | 4.1 (39.4) | 0.9 (33.6) | 9.8 (49.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) | −4.2 (24.4) | 1.4 (34.5) | 7.7 (45.9) | 12.1 (53.8) | 16.6 (61.9) | 18.0 (64.4) | 16.3 (61.3) | 12.6 (54.7) | 6.5 (43.7) | 0.8 (33.4) | −2.2 (28.0) | 8.8 (47.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25.5 (−13.9) | −24.0 (−11.2) | −18.0 (−0.4) | −4.5 (23.9) | −2.0 (28.4) | 3.5 (38.3) | 5.5 (41.9) | 3.0 (37.4) | −2.0 (28.4) | −5.8 (21.6) | −14.5 (5.9) | −19.0 (−2.2) | −25.5 (−13.9) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 54.1 (2.13) | 60.1 (2.37) | 69.1 (2.72) | 68.2 (2.69) | 80.0 (3.15) | 98.3 (3.87) | 82.2 (3.24) | 88.6 (3.49) | 95.3 (3.75) | 81.7 (3.22) | 88.5 (3.48) | 64.7 (2.55) | 928.2 (36.54) |
| Source:[17] | |||||||||||||
In the2011 census, the city of Jastrebarsko has a total population of 15,866. 5,493 of whom live in the settlement of Jastrebarsko itself (naselje).[20] The settlement (naselje) of Jastrebarsko encompasses nearly a third of the total population of the town, but less than a tenth of the total area.[21] The records from the earlier censuses show a decrease in total population from a high of 17,895 in 1991, although the population of the seat settlement has been continuously increasing since at least 1981.[21]
Jastrebarskometropolitan area includes the City of Jastrebarsko and three adjacent municipalities:Klinča Sela,Krašić andŽumberak. The area is fairly large at 628 square kilometers (242 sq mi), but has a low population density and encompasses only 29,697 people.[22][23][failed verification]
| population | 12134 | 13592 | 14377 | 15793 | 15654 | 15956 | 15261 | 16284 | 16763 | 18190 | 18184 | 18056 | 17441 | 17895 | 16689 | 15866 | 14562 |
| 1857 | 1869 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1921 | 1931 | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2021 |
The settlements in the city administrative area are:[20]
The local chapter of theHPS isHPD "Plješivica", which had 47 members in 1936 under the Josip Brkić presidency. At the time, it also had aski section, a music section and aphotography section.[24] Membership rose to 53 in 1937.[25]: 245 Membership rose to 61 in 1938.[26]: 244
Jastrebarsko was home to two important CroatianRoman Catholiccardinals:Aloysius Stepinac (1898–1960) andFranjo Kuharić (1919–2002).[27][28] Aloysius Stepinac (Croatian:Alojzije Stepinac) was born inKrašić municipality in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area and madeArchbishop of Zagreb in 1937 and later cardinal in 1952. In 1946, Stepinac was sentenced by a Yugoslav court to 16 years in prison for alleged collaborating with the Nazis. He was released five years later and died inhome confinement. He was buried in theZagreb Cathedral andFranjo Šeper succeeded him as the new Archbishop of Zagreb.[27] The other cardinal wasFranjo Kuharić, also from Krašić. He became a priest in 1945 and succeeded Šeper (then already a cardinal) as the Archbishop of Zagreb in 1970. In 1983popeJohn Paul II chose him as a cardinal. Kuharić remained on that duty until his retirement in 1997.[28]
Two influential Croatian politicians are known to have lived in Jastrebarsko.Vladko Maček, a Croatian politician from the first half of the 20th century also hails from Jastrebarsko. Born in a nearby village,Kupinec, Maček led theCroatian Peasant Party fighting for the independence of Croatia since theassassination of Stjepan Radić untilWorld War II and the establishment of theIndependent State of Croatia by theAxis powers which defeated theKingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941.[1]Ante Starčević, termed "Father of the Croatian homeland"[1][29] (Croatian:Otac domovine), fought for the independence and the democratical re-establishment of the medievalKingdom of Croatia, opposing the Hungarian sympathizer and ban of CroatiaKhuen-Héderváry.[29] He lived in Jastrebarsko for seven years while working in a law practice.[1]Ljubomir Micić, born in Jastrebarsko in 1895, was a Serbian poet, writer, critic, editor and actor.
Boris Klemenić was mayor of the town for eight years.
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Subdivisions ofZagreb County | ||
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| Towns |  | |
| Municipalities | ||
| International | |
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| National | |
| Other | |
