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| Jassic | |
|---|---|
| Yassic[1] | |
| jász | |
| Native to | Hungary |
| Region | Jász–Nagykun–Szolnok County |
| Ethnicity | Jassic people |
| Extinct | 17th century |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ysc |
ysc | |
| Glottolog | jass1238 |
Jassic (Hungarian:jász) is an extinct language ordialect of theOssetian language once spoken inHungary, named after theJász people, a nomadic tribe that settled in Hungary in the 13th century.
The Jasz (Jassic) people came to Hungary together with theCumans, chased by theMongols. They were admitted by the Hungarian kingBéla IV, hoping that they would assist in fighting against a Mongol-Tatar invasion. But shortly after their entry, the relationship worsened dramatically between the Hungarian nobility and the Cumanian-Jassic tribes and they left the country. After the end of the Mongol-Tatar occupation they returned and were settled in the central part of theHungarian Plain.
Initially, their main occupation was animal husbandry. During the next two centuries they were assimilated into the Hungarian population and their language disappeared, but they preserved their Jassic identity and their regional autonomy until 1876. Over a dozen settlements in Central Hungary (e.g.Jászberény,Jászárokszállás, andJászfényszaru) still bear their name. The historical, ethnographical and geographical region ofJászság, as well as of the modernJász-Nagykun-Szolnok County, are among the many place names linked to them. The name of the city ofIași in Romania may also derive from the name of the people.
The only literary record of the Jassic language was found in the 1950s in theHungarian National Széchényi Library. It is a one-page glossary containing 34 words mainly related to products of agriculture (types of grain, cattle, etc.) probably compiled for fiscal or mercantile purposes. The glossary was interpreted with the help of Ossetian analogues from theDigor dialect. (Németh 1959)
Based on Anton Fekete's transcription, NagyGyula Németh read the monument as follows:
1. da ban horz nahechsa Sose [z?]
2. panis carnis brodiu(m)
3. khevef fit baza zana wi[u]um
4. Jayca (v? w? m?) она karcen [?] pises [o?]
5. dan aqtia manaona furme(n)tum
6. Zabar auena huwaz fenu(m)
7. Karbach arpa huvar kovu (?)les
8. casa (fo fej tc) cocta Orae boza tabak
9. scutela Chugan olla odok colftjar
10. Gist fomagium Charif
11. vay karak pulltis
12. Caz auca kuraynu molen???
13. lapi(de)s Bah ecus acha fuv
14. Gal Bos fvs oves
15. Ere fo[a?]ca(n) khvnge ad (ev?)f suporc(us)
16. saca capar vas bidellu(m)
17. docega vacca Gu(?)za doctillu[?i?]s
18. Bucha pacta[2]
Most Jassic words are comparable to the Digor dialect of Ossetian. Some examples are:[3]
| English | Jassic | Ossetian |
|---|---|---|
| Bread | K'ever | K'æbær |
| Bull | Gal | Gal |
| Chicken | Kar(a)k | Kark |
| Day | Ban | Bon |
| Duck | Assa | Ass/Assæ |
| Egg | Jaika | Ajkæ |
| Goose | Qaz | Qaž/Qaz |
| Horse | Basx | Bæx |
| Millet | Huvar | Xor/Xwar |
| Our | Νa | Næ |
| Plate | Tabac | Tæbæğ |
| Sheep | Fus | Fyš/Fus |
| Spoon | Odok | Widyg/Jedug |
| Water | Dan | Don |
| Woman | Osa (?) | Uš/Osæ |
However the Jász-word glossary interpreted by Németh doesn’t actually include the wordsK'ever,Jaika,Tabac,Kar(a)k,Qaz,Basx, andAssa, as listed here above. It has ratherJaÿca,tabak,(C)karak,Caz,Bah, andacha, and the glossary doesn’t include a word for woman at all.