Jarosław Dąbrowski | |
|---|---|
_RADWAN.jpg) Jarosław Dąbrowski, 1871 | |
| Nicknames | Żądło, Łokietek |
| Born | (1836-11-13)13 November 1836 |
| Died | 23 May 1871(1871-05-23) (aged 34) Paris, France |
| Allegiance | |
| Branch | |
| Years of service | 1845–1864 1871 |
| Rank |
|
| Commands | National Guard |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards |  Order of Saint Stanislaus[1] |
| Family | Radwan coat of arms |
Jarosław Żądło-Dąbrowski (Polish pronunciation:[jaˈrɔswavˈʐɔndwɔdɔmˈbrɔfskʲi]; 13 November 1836 – 23 May 1871), also known asJaroslav Dombrowski, was aPolish nobleman (szlachta member)[2] and military officer in theImperial Russian Army, aPolish nationalist and radicalrepublican[3] forPoland, and general and military commander of theParis Commune in its later period. He was a participant in the Polish 1863January Uprising and one of the leaders[4] of the "Red" faction among the insurrectionists as a member of theCentral National Committee and thePolish Provisional National Government.
Dąbrowski was born in 1836, after thePartitions of Poland, inŻytomierz, in theVolhynian Governorate of theRussian Empire, in what is now Zhytomyr inUkraine. He was the offspring of the oldszlachta family Żądło-Dąbrowski z Dąbrówki.[2][5][6][7] He bore theRadwan coat of arms. His father was Wiktor Żądło-Dąbrowski, his mother was Zofianée Falkenhagen-Zaleska.[2]
In 1845 at age 9, Dąbrowski joined theImperial Russian Army, enrolling in the officer training corps at theBrest-Litovsk Fortress, where he spent 8 years. He graduated from theSt. Petersburg Cadet Corps in 1855. He fought as a Russian officer against uprisings of the local mountain populations in theCaucasian War. In 1859 he enrolled in theGeneral Staff Academy inSt. Petersburg. There he was one of the leaders of the secret "Officers' Committee of the First Army". Members included several hundred Russian and Polish officers, cooperating with the revolutionary"Zemlya i Volya" (Land and Liberty) movement.[8] He became involved in the preparation of theJanuary Uprising, but was arrested on 14 August 1862, and exiled toSiberia for his participation in a plot against the Tsar,Alexander II. In 1865, he escaped and fled to France.
In early March 1871, following months ofsiege by thePrussians and thecapture ofNapoleon III by thePrussian Army, a socialist-anarchist coalition called theParis Commune seized power in Paris and declared itself independent of the French government. Dąbrowski was elected to the Council of the Paris Commune, using the spelling Jaroslav Dombrowski.[9] As one of the few Commune soldiers with military experience, he was soon named Commander-in-Chief of the Commune forces.
On 21 May 1871, shortly after he was named commander, the French Army attacked and entered Paris. The first reaction of many of the National Guard was to find someone to blame, and Dąbrowski was the first to be accused. Rumors circulated he accepted a millionfrancs to give up the city. He was deeply offended by the rumors. They stopped when he died two days later from wounds received on the barricades. His last reported words were, "Do they still say I was a traitor?"[10][11] The Commune fell on 28 May 1871.[12]
A photographic portrait, taken before 1870, ofParis pianist Henri Dombrowski[13] was falsely portrayed as depicting General Jarosław Dąbrowski by photographerPierre Petit. Petit sold 200,000 copies of the photo. Henri Dombrowski demanded damages.[14] The misidentification with pianist Henri Dombrowski can be seen in many monuments and portrayals of Jarosław Dąbrowski as a result of Petit's actions.
Several schools and roads are named after him in Poland; among them most notable is theMilitary University of Technology in Warsaw.[15] In theSpanish Civil War (1936–1939), theDabrowski Battalion and various brigade-strength units (known in Polish as theDąbrowszczacy) – were named in his honour. During the communist era Polish banknotes featured Dąbrowski on the 200 zl bill.
Jarosław Radwan Żądło Dąbrowski urodzil się 13 listopada 1836 roku Żytomierzu na Wołyniu. Rodzina Dąbrowskich wywodziła się z Mazowsza, najprawdopodobniej ze wsi Dąbrówka pod Piasecznem w ziemi warszawskiej. Notują ją herbarze szlacheckie od XV wieku, ale była to zawsze szlachta dość uboga, w niektórych tylko okresach dochodząca do pewnej zamożności. Nigdy też nie dostąpili Dąbrowscy ważniejszych urzędów i godności, zadowalając się w latach istnienia Rzeczypospolitej komornictwami, skarbnikostwem, wojskostwem, miecznikostwem czy stolnikostwem. Nie brak też było w rodzinie duchownych. Rozrastającemu się rodowi Żądło-Dąbrowskich szybko zrobiło się ciasno na ubogim Mazowszu. W ciągu XVI i XVII wieku zaczęto się przenosić, głównie dzięki małżeństwom, w inne zakątki Rzeczypospolitej. Tym też sposobem jedna z gałęzi rodu Dąbrowskich w końcu XVIII wieku zakorzeniła się na Wołyniu. ... Matka Zofia z Falkenhagen-Zaleskich pochodziła ze spolszczonej od dawna rodziny inflanckiej i była siostrą Piotra Falkenhagen-Zaleskiego, emigranta z 1831 roku, cenionego ekonomisty tych czasów. Przez żonę Piotra, Marię z Korzeniowskich, byli Dąbrowscy spowinowaceni ze znanym pisarzemJózefem Korzeniowskim.
Jarosław Dąbrowski was a twenty-four-year-old radical republican whose biography appears to have been drawn from the pages ofnineteenth-century Romantic fiction.
LINEA FAMILIAE RADWAN
Dąbrowfcij, cognominati Zedlowie ...
DĄBROWSCY h. RADWAN z Dąbrówki pod Piasecznem, w ziemi warszawskiej, w różnych stronach osiedli, przeważnie w ziemi rożańskiej. Przydomek ich "Żądło". Żyjący w połowie XV-go wieku Jakób z Dąbrówki, ...
Media related toJarosław Dąbrowski at Wikimedia Commons
