| Jaora State जावरा रियासत | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Princely State ofBritish India | |||||||
| 1818–1948 | |||||||
 Flag  Coat of arms | |||||||
 Jaora located within the Malwa Agency near 4 | |||||||
| Area | |||||||
• 1901 | 1,471 km2 (568 sq mi) | ||||||
| Population | |||||||
• 1901 | 84,202 | ||||||
| Government | |||||||
| • Motto | "Dil o daulat" (Heart and wealth). | ||||||
| History | |||||||
• Established | 1818 | ||||||
| 1948 | |||||||
| |||||||
| Today part of | Madhya Pradesh,India[1] | ||||||
Jaora State was a13 gun-saluteprincely state of theBritish Raj. It was part of theMalwa Agency.[2]
The total area of the princely state, with the dependencies ofPiploda andPanth-Piploda, was 1,471 km2 (568 sq mi). Jaora state was divided into fourtehsils, Jaora, Barauda,Tal, and Barkhera. The chief crops weremillets,cotton,maize andopium. The revenue of the state was Rs.8,50,000 in 1901.
Jaora State was established by the British and was handed over to Abdul Ghafur Muhammad Khan in 1818, so that he can maintain an army of 1,000 soldiers for theEast India Company. Abdul Ghafur Khan's family was settled inUttar Pradesh/Hindustan before migrating to Rajasthan, while they traced their ancestry to the Salarzai Sub-tribe of Musazai - Ilyaszai Clan ofYusufzai tribe of DistrictBuner ,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa[3][4] 'Abdu'l Ghafur Muhammad Khan was a cavalry officer serving theNorth Indian Pathan leaderMuhammad Amir Khan Pindari ofSambhal,Uttar Pradesh.[5] He later served theHolkar maharaja ofIndore State and defected to the British in theBattle of Mahidpur resulting in the victory of the British and the surrender of Holkar forces.[6] The state was confirmed by theBritish government in 1818 by the Treaty of Mandsaur.[1] The Nawab of Jaora was confirmed the possession of Jaora, Sanjit, Tal, Malhargarh, Bharauda and the right to levy tribute from Piploda. The Nawab was expected to serve the British by providing them with 500 horsemen, 500 footmen and 4 artillery whenever required.[2] Most of the soldiers and population of the Jaora State came fromUnited Provinces of Agra and Oudh region ofHindustan.[7] One of his fellow soldiers, Mir Zafar Ali, was an Indian Muslim of theSadaat-e-Bara tribe, born in the Bahera village of theFatehpur Haswa inOudh. He gained Bilaud in the Sanjit Pargana as his jagir.[8][9]
Muhammad Ismail Khan was not a good administrator and the state fell in heavy debts with a sum of 16 lakhs due. The state also had to pay nazarana fee of 2 lakhs to Holkar when a new ruler was installed and a yearly tribute of 1.6 lakhs to the British when Jaora failed to provide troops. This tribute was later reduced to 1.4 lakhs and was preferred by the state. The army was then reduced to 59 cavalry, 124 infantry and 36 irregulars. There was also a regular police force present in the state.[10]
Nawab Muhammad Ismail (ruled 1865-1895) was an honorary major in theBritish Army.[1] During the reign of Nawab Muhammad Iftekhar Ali Khan (ruled 1895-1947), Piploda became a separate state in 1924, and Panth-Piploda became a province of British India in 1942. Nawab Muhammad Usman 'Ali Khan (ruled 1947-1948) acceded to theGovernment of India on 15 June 1948.
The chieftains of several petty estates who once paid tribute to Amir Khan Pindari and the other surrounding powers came under the suzerainty of Jaora State after theTreaty of Mandsaur. The Jagirdars were mostly Rajputs apart from Bilaud and Numan Nagdi who were Pathans and Barha Sayyids and Sidri whose thakur was a Mahajan.[11]
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jaora".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 156.Most of the population of Jaora State(founded in 1818 AD) came from the United Province and Jodhpur.
Hakim Zafar Ali, a saiyid by caste, and a native of Bahera, a village in the district of Fatehpur Haswa, in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. He was in the service of Nawab Ghafur Khan of Jaora, by whom the village of Bilaud was granted to him in Jagir.
Media related toJaora State at Wikimedia Commons
