The following events occurred inJanuary 1916:

• Second Battle of Jaunde –Allied forces occupied the capital ofJaunde ofGerman Cameroon.^[1]
• Senussi campaign – Aerial reconnaissance spotted aSenussi camp of 80 tents 35 mi (56 km) southeast of British garrison atMatruh inNorth Africa. A desert column mobilized to capture the camp but 10 days of torrential rain delayed the assault.^[2]
• British troop shipGeelong sank while returning soldiers from theGallipoli campaign in theMediterranean Sea after colliding with another ship. All soldiers and crew on board were rescued.^[3]
• The BritishRoyal Army Medical Corps carried out the first successfulblood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled.^[4]
• Ross Sea party – Marooned onshore in theAntarctic after the British polar exploration shipAurora lost anchor anddrifted in May 1915, the 10-man party of the second arm of theImperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition split up. Four scientists manned a post atCape Evans while the other six sledged to lay down a depot atMount Hope near theBeardmore Glacier where the first arm of the expedition was expected to reach (unknown to them, the first arm of the expedition was also marooned).^[5]
• TheWashington State Cougars football team defeatedBrown University 14–0 in front of an estimated 10,000 spectators in thesecond Rose Bowl, after a 15-year hiatus.^[6]
• Theassociation football clubEstrela do Norte was established inCachoeiro de Itapemirim,Brazil.^[7]
• Born:
  • Rehavam Amir, Lithuanian-Israeli diplomat, diplomat to theUnited Kingdom from 1953 to 1958; as Rehavam Zabludovsky, inVilnius,Lithuania (d.2013)^{[citation needed]}
  • Manuel Manahan, Filipino politician, co-founder of theProgressive Party of the Philippines, member of theSenate of the Philippines from 1961 to 1967; inManila,Philippine Islands (present-dayPhilippines) (d.1994)^{[citation needed]}

• HMSE2, the last British submarine to operate in theSea of Marmara withinTurkey, was recalled by the Royal Navy, bringing an end to the 1915 Marmara campaign. During 1915, British subs torpedoed and sank two battleships, one destroyer, five gunboats, seven ammunition ships, and nine transport ships in the Ottoman Navy, along with 30 steamers and 188 sailing vessels, and "so harassed enemy shipping as to practically paralyze it by the autumn."^[8]
• Died:
  • Joseph Rucker Lamar, 58, American judge,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1910 to 1916 (b.1857)^{[citation needed]}
  • Félix Sardà y Salvany, 71, Spanish clergy and writer, editor of the Catholic newspaperLa Revista Popular, author ofLiberalism is a Sin (b.1844)^{[citation needed]}

• TheSykes–Picot Agreement, a secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France to define their claims for the division of Arab territories in theOttoman Empire in the event of a Central Powers defeat, was signed by SirMark Sykes, Assistant Secretary for Middle Eastern Affairs to the British War Cabinet, and French diplomatFrançois Georges-Picot.^[9] In the agreement, what are now Syria and Lebanon were to be under French control, Iraq under British control, and Palestine (incorporating modern-day Israel and Lebanon) was to be under joint control.^[10]
• Britain'sSecret Service Bureau (now the Secret Intelligence Service) was reorganized to create several Special Branch law enforcement departments within the SSB, including Section 5 of theDirectorate of Military Intelligence, orMI5, the United Kingdom's domestic counter-intelligence and security agency.^[11]
• Born:
  • Maxene Andrews, American singer, one ofThe Andrews Sisters, best-selling group sold over 75 million records; inMound, Minnesota,United States (d.1995)^{[citation needed]}
  • Betty Furness, American actress and consumer activist, lead actress for the 1950 TV seriesStudio One, special assistant to the President of Consumer Affairs for theFederal Trade Commission; as Elizabeth Mary Furness, inNew York City, United States (d.1994)^{[citation needed]}
• Died:Grenville M. Dodge, 84, railroad executive andUnion Army officer, chief engineer of theFirst transcontinental railroad (b.1831)^{[citation needed]}

• Siege of Kut – A British relief force of over 13,000 men was dispatched toKut,Mesopotamia (nowIraq) to resupply the defendingBritish Indian Army.^[12]
• British nobleJohn Hamilton-Gordon became the first to be awarded the title ofMarquess of Aberdeen and Temair.^[13]
• Born:
  • Roy Fransen, British high diver and stuntman; as Royston Albert Fransen, inTottenham, northLondon,England (d.1985)^{[citation needed]}
  • Lionel Newman, American film composer, Oscar winner for the soundtrack for the musicalHello, Dolly!; inNew Haven, Connecticut,United States (d.1989)^{[citation needed]}
  • Princess Niloufer, Ottoman noble, one of the last princesses of theOttoman Empire; as Nilufer Hanımsultan, inIstanbul,Ottoman Empire (present-dayTurkey) (d.1989)^{[citation needed]}
• Died:Bruce Sloss, 27, Australianassociation football player, played forEssendon,Sydney Swans, andBrighton;killed in action atArmentières,France (b.1889)^{[citation needed]}

• Montenegrin campaign – The Montenegrin Army was ordered to defend the retreating Serbian army asAustria-Hungary launched an offensive againstMontenegro.^[14][15]
• Royal Navy destroyerHMSTurbulent was launched at theHawthorn Leslie and Company shipyard inNewcastle upon Tyne,England. It would be sunk at theBattle of Jutland six months later.^[16]
• Baron Bean, a comic strip byGeorge Herriman, debuted through theKing Features Syndicate owned byWilliam Randolph Hearst.^[17]
• Born:Maup Caransa, Dutch business executive, leading real estate developer in post-World War IIAmsterdam, famously kidnapped for ransom in 1977; as Maurits Caransa, inAmsterdam,Netherlands (d.2009)^{[citation needed]}
• Died:
  • Ulpiano Checa, 55, Spanish artist, known for such works as including painting forLe Train Bleu in 1900, recipient of theLegion of Honour (b.1860)^{[citation needed]}
  • Harry Hems, 71, British sculptor, leading artist ofGothic Revival architecture with noted restoration works such as theSt Albans Cathedral inEngland (b.1842)^{[citation needed]}
  • Sam Lucas, 75, American actor, firstAfrican American to portrayUncle Tom in both stage and screen adaptations ofUncle Tom's Cabin (b.1848)^{[citation needed]}
  • E. J. Woods, 76-77, Australian architect, designer of St. Peter's Cathedral and State Parliament House inAdelaide,Australia (b.1839)^{[citation needed]}

• Battle of Mojkovac – An Austro-Hungarian force of 20,000 men attacked dug-in Montenegrin positions nearMojkovac,Montenegro. Despite out being vastly outnumbered, the Montenegrin Army of 6,000 repulsed the attack and inflicted 2,000 casualties.^[18][19]
• Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad – The British relief force of 13,000 under command ofMajor-GeneralGeorge Younghusband ran into a force with theOttoman Sixth Army while on a relief mission toKut in theMesopotamia, and suffered 600 casualties the first day.^[20]
• Royal Navy battleshipHMSKing Edward VII struck a mine laid down by German cruiserSMS Möwe off the coast ofScotland and sank while being towed to shore by British destroyerHMSFortune.^[21]
• British submarineHMSE17 was wrecked offshore of theNetherlands, with all crew rescued by Dutch cruiserHNLMSNoordbrabant.^[22]
• Following its evacuation fromGallipoli, theFrench Expeditionary Force of the Orient was absorbed into the largerArmy of the Orient based in the Greek port ofSalonika.^[23]
• Born:
  • Herbert Choy, American judge, firstAsian American to serve as a federal judge, senior judge forUnited States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from 1971 to 1984; inKaumakani,Territory of Hawaii,United States (present-dayHawaii) (d.2004)^{[citation needed]}
  • Phil Masi, American baseball player, catcher for theBoston Braves,Pittsburgh Pirates andChicago White Sox from 1939 to 1952; as Philip Samuel Masi, inChicago, United States (d.1990)^{[citation needed]}
• Died:Joseph Maurice Pambet, 61, French army officer, commander of the French22nd Infantry Division that was involved in most of the first major battles ofWorld War I on theWestern Front including theFirst Battle of the Marne; killed in a car accident (b.1854)^{[citation needed]}

• Battle of Mojkovac – The Austro-Hungarians retreated after a second failed attack onMojkovac, with heavy casualties on both sides. The Montenegrin force held the line for another 11 days before retreating.^[24][19]
• Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad – With extra cavalry and artillery units sent byLieutenant GeneralFenton Aylmer, British forces underMajor GeneralGeorge Younghusband renewed attacks onOttoman Sixth Army positions. A combination of heavy fog and little cover from enemy slowed the advance but allowed the British to force Ottoman forces to pull back.^[25]
• Royal Air ForceNo. 34 Squadron was established from elements ofNo. 19.^[26]
• TheUniversity of Oregon fight song "Mighty Oregon" was first performed by the Eugene Municipal Band inEugene, Oregon. The song has a similar tune to the popular hit "It's a Long Way to Tipperary".^[27]
• Born:
  • Elena Ceaușescu, Romanian politician, Deputy Prime Minister andFirst Lady of Romania, wife of Romanian presidentNicolae Ceaușescu; as Lenuța Petrescu, inPetrești, Dâmbovița,Kingdom of Romania (present-dayRomania) (executed,1989)^{[citation needed]}
  • Paul Keres, Estonian chess player, considered the best chess player never to win a world champions, four-time runner-up at theCandidates Tournament; inNarva,Russian Empire (present-dayEstonia) (d.1975)^{[citation needed]}
  • Teresio Olivelli, Italian soldier and resistance fighter, member of theItalian resistance movement duringWorld War II; inComo,Kingdom of Italy (present-dayItaly) (killed in prison,1944)^{[citation needed]}
  • Togo Tanaka, American journalist, reported on camp conditions while part of theinternment of Japanese Americans duringWorld War II; inPortland, Oregon,United States (d.2009)^{[citation needed]}
  • Al Hostak, American boxer, held the world middleweight title from 1938 to 1940; as Albert Paul Hostak, inMinneapolis, United States (d.2006)^{[citation needed]}

• Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad – The British successfully capturedSheikh Sa'ad in theMesopotamia at a cost of 4,400 casualties (with reports of a similar amount for theOttoman Empire).^[28]
• Russian battleshipImperatritsa Ekaterina Velikayaexchanged fire with the Ottoman battlecruiserYavuz Sultan Selim in theBlack Sea. While the action was minor, it proved the Russian navy now had control of theBlack Sea and forced the Ottoman Navy to focus on defending theDardanelles.^[29]
• St. Louis gangsterWilliam "Skippy" Rohan of theEgan's Rats was gunned down just after midnight in a saloon by gang memberHarry "Cherries" Dunn following a heated exchange in which one accused the other of "snitching" to the St. Louis police department. Dunn's shooting of Rohan severed all ties with the Egan's Rats and marked him for death, leading to Dunn's murder nine months later.^{[30][31][page needed]}
• Royal Navy battle cruiserHMSRepulse was launched byJohn Brown & Company inClydebank,Scotland. It would see action at theSecond Battle of Heligoland Bight in 1917.^[32]
• TheColiseum Theater opened inSeattle as the city's first movie theatre, and was listed on theNational Register of Historic Places in 1975.^[33][34]
• Born:John Davies, British business executive and politician, first Director of theConfederation of British Industry, firstSecretary of State for Trade and Industry; inBlackheath, London,England (d.1979)^{[citation needed]}
• Died:
  • Eugene W. Hilgard, 83, German American agriculturalist, credited as the father of modernsoil sciences (b.1833)^{[citation needed]}
  • Ada Rehan, 58, Irish-born American stage actress, one of the "Big Four" stage leads forDaly's Fifth Avenue Theatre onBroadway; died of cancer andarteriosclerosis (b.1857)^{[citation needed]}
  • Samuel Way, 79, Australian judge, Chief Justice of theSupreme Court of South Australia from 1876 to 1916 (b.1836)^{[citation needed]}

• Gallipoli campaign – The lastBritish troops evacuated fromGallipoli, as theOttoman Empire prevailed over a joint British and French operation to captureConstantinople.^[35]
• Theassociation football clubCachoeiro was established inCachoeiro de Itapemirim,Brazil.^[36]
• Born:
  • Vic Mizzy, American TV theme composer, best known for his themes forGreen Acres andThe Addams Family; as Victor Mizzy, inNew York City,United States (d.2009)^{[citation needed]}
  • Ernie Schroeder, American comic book artist, best known for his work onAirboy andSpirit of '76; as Ernest Schroeder, inNew York City, United States (d.2006)^{[citation needed]}
  • Peter Twinn, English mathematician and code-breaker, one of the intelligence team to crack theEnigma machine code duringWorld War II; inStreatham,London,England (d.2004)^{[citation needed]}
• Died:Edward Levy-Lawson, 82, British publisher, founder ofThe Daily Telegraph (b.1833)^{[citation needed]}

• Erzurum Offensive – TheRussian Empire launched a major assault on theErzurum Province in easternTurkey within theOttoman Empire.^[37]
• Montenegrin campaign – Austro-Hungarian forces captured the city ofBerane,Montenegro.^[38]
• The operettaSzibill, starringJulia Sanderson,Donald Brian andJoseph Cawthorn, made its American premiere at theLiberty Theatre inNew York City and ran for 168 performances.^[39]
• Born:
  • Sune Bergström, Swedish biochemist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research intoprostaglandins; as Karl Sune Detlof Bergström, inStockholm,Sweden (d.2004)^{[citation needed]}
  • William Buchan, British poet, author ofPersonal Poems,Kumari, andThe Rags Of Time (d.2008)^{[citation needed]}
• Died:
  • Tadeusz Ajdukiewicz, 63-64, Polish painter, known for realist paintings including events from theJanuary Uprising in 1863, member of the1st Brigade, Polish Legions;killed in action atKraków (b.1852)^{[citation needed]}
  • Guido Baccelli, 85, Italian physician, co-founder ofPoliclinico Umberto I, the second-largest hospital inItaly (b.1830)^{[citation needed]}

• Montenegrin campaign –Austria-Hungary captured the mountain ofLovćen inMontenegro, which had been the country's key artillery base for defending its border.^[38]
• The minority government under Prime MinisterHubert Loutsch forLuxembourg dissolved after succumbing to avote of no confidence.^[40]
• Mexican militia reportedly withPancho Villa forced sixteen American employees of theAmerican Smelting and Refining Company from a train nearSanta Isabel, Chihuahua, and summarily stripped and executed them.^[41]
• Born:Jimmy Quillen, American politician, U.S. Representative fromTennessee from 1963 to 1997; as James Henry Quillen, inScott County, Virginia,United States (d.2003)^{[citation needed]}

• Montenegrin campaign – With the imminent loss of Montenegrin capital ofCetinje, as well as the cities ofPeć andBerane,King Nicholas was persuaded to begin surrender negotiations withAustria-Hungary.^[42]
• German flying acesMax Immelmann andOswald Boelcke, each with eight kills, were the first pilots awarded theBlue Max.^[43][44]
• Royal Air ForceNo. 32 andNo. 33 Squadrons were established.^[45][46]
• TheIse Electric Railway extended theNagoya Line in theMie Prefecture,Japan, with stationChiyozaki serving the line.^[47]
• Born:
  • P. W. Botha, South African state leader, lastPrime Minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and firstState President of South Africa from 1984 to 1989; as Pieter Willem Botha, inPaul Roux,South Africa (d.2006)^{[citation needed]}
  • Ruth R. Benerito, American chemist, patented many fabrics for the textile industry includingwrinkle-resistant fabric; as Ruth Mary Rogan, inNew Orleans,United States (d.2013)^{[citation needed]}
  • Mary Wilson, English poet, known forSelected Poems andNew Poems anthologies, wife to British Prime MinisterHarold Wilson; as Gladys Mary Baldwin, inDiss,Norfolk,England (d.2018)^{[citation needed]}
• Died:Georgios Theotokis, 71, Greek state leader, held the position ofPrime Minister of Greece four times (b.1844)^{[citation needed]}

• Battle of Wadi – A British force of 19,000 men under command ofLieutenant-GeneralFenton Aylmer attacked an Ottoman defensive force of 22,500 along theWadi River in what is now modern-dayIraq, but a cost of 1,600 men compared to the 527 lost on the Ottoman side. The battle only further weakened British attempts to relieve beleaguered forces under command of GeneralCharles Townshend inKut.^[48]
• Montenegrin campaign – An Austrian force entered the Montenegrin capital ofCetinje.^[49]
• Battle of Koprukoy – A Russian force of 75,000 men under command ofNikolai Yudenich clashed with members of theOttoman Third Army under command ofAbdul Kerim Pasha during theErzurum Offensive.^{[50][51][full citation needed]}
• Senussi campaign – AnAllied desert column arrived atSenussi camp spotted by air southeast ofMatruh inNorth Africa, only to find the camp deserted. Despite the lack of findings, a needed telegraph line was repaired before the column returned to base.^[52]
• The field artilleryXX Brigade was established for service in theSinai and Palestine campaign.^[53]
• The Curtiss Aeroplane Company, Curtiss Motor Company, and two other aircraft manufactures merged to form theCurtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company.^[54]
• Died:Victoriano Huerta, 65, Mexican army officer and state leader, 35thPresident of Mexico (b.1854)^{[citation needed]}

• Storm flooding caused dikes to burst atZuiderzee,Netherlands, killing 19 people. Ships caught out at sea also resulted in a further 32 casualties.^[55][56]
• Battle of Koprukoy – Russian forces began to repel counterattacks made by theOttoman Third Army.^[57]
• Irish revolutionary leaderMichael Collins resigned his job inLondon and returned to Ireland.^[58]
• In response to high losses GermanFokker Eindecker fighters were inflicting onAlliedreconnaissance aircraft flying over theWestern Front, Royal Flying Corps Headquarters ordered that reconnaissance planes have an escort of at least three fighters flying in close formation with them, and that a reconnaissance aircraft must abort its flight if even one of the three fighters becomes detached from the formation for any reason.^[59]
• Born:Leonard Siffleet, Australian commando, member of theServices Reconnaissance Department inPapua New Guinea duringWorld War II; inGunnedah,Australia (executed,1943)^{[citation needed]}

• Battle of Koprukoy –Russia broke through the Ottoman defense line.^[60]
• Amassive fire destroyed much of downtownBergen,Norway over a 10-hour period. Altogether, 380 buildings were burned down and 2,700 people were left homeless.^[61]
• An explosion onU.S. Navy submarineUSSE-2 in theBrooklyn Navy Yard killed four servicemen.^[62]
• TheBay Ridge Avenue,77th Street, and86th Street subway stations opened along theBMT Fourth Avenue Line inNew York City.^[63]
• The American anarchist publicationThe Blast released its first issue and would run for just over one year.^[64]
• The Austrian operettaHouse of the Three Girls byFranz Schubert premiered at theRaimund Theater inVienna and would run for 650 performances. Following the end ofWorld War I, the operetta was adapted in French and English.^[65]
• Norwegian sports clubTiller was established inTrondheim,Norway and offeredassociation football,team handball,ice hockey,Nordic skiing andbiathlon.^[66]
• Born:
  • Maurice Bavaud, Swiss theologian, attempted to assassinateAdolf Hitler in 1938; inNeuchâtel,Switzerland (executed,1941)^{[citation needed]}
  • Hugh Gibb, English musician, patriarch of the Gibb family of musicians includingBarry,Robin,Maurice andAndy Gibb; inChorlton,Manchester,England (d.1992)^{[citation needed]}
  • Ron Guthrey, New Zealand politician, 40th Mayor ofChristchurch; as Albert Ronald Guthrey, inRawene,New Zealand (d.2008)^{[citation needed]}
  • Alexandru Robot, Romanian poet, leading promoter ofmodernism andavant-garde poetry in Eastern Europe; as Alter Rotmann, inBucharest,Kingdom of Romania (present-dayRomania) (disappeared in1941)^{[citation needed]}

• Battle of Koprukoy – Ottoman forces began their retreat to their fortress nearErzurum,Turkey.^[67]
• German auxiliary cruiserSMS Möwe, disguised as a merchant ship,attacked and captured a British steamer south of the island ofMadeira in theAtlantic Ocean, killing 18 sailors, wounded five more, and took the ship's command and survivors prisoner before scuttling the ship.^[68]
• American actressBillie Burke made her screen debut in the film comedyPeggy, directed byThomas H. Ince.^[69]
• Died:
  • Arnold Aletrino, 57, Dutch physician, pioneer researcher intohomosexuality and the theory it was a natural-occurring sexual orientation (b.1858)^{[citation needed]}
  • Juana María Condesa Lluch, 53, Spanish nun, established the Handmaids of Mary Immaculate order inValencia,Spain, beatified byPope John Paul II in 2003 (b.1862)^{[citation needed]}

• Manuel Estrada Cabrera was re-elected for a third term asPresident of Guatemala after running unopposed in thepresidential election.^{[70][71][full citation needed]}
• Born:
  • Charles F. Hockett, American linguist, leading researcher in languagestructuralism; inColumbus, Ohio,United States (d.2000)^{[citation needed]}
  • Edmund Morgan, American historian, leading expert on American colonial history; inMinneapolis, United States (d.2013)^{[citation needed]}
• Died:Marie Bracquemond, 75, French artist, referred to as "les trois grandes dames" or "the three great women" ofImpressionism (b.1841)^{[citation needed]}

• Montenegrin campaign – The Montenegrin army pulled back from the line betweenBerane andMojkovac allowingAustria-Hungary to resume advancing south towardsAlbania.^[72]
• The world's first practical all-metal aircraft, theJunkers J 1, flew for the first time.^[73]
• Scottish polar vesselScotia (originally the Norwegian whaler shipHekla), best known for being used for exploration by theScottish National Antarctic Expedition, caught fire and sank off the coast of Wales, with all crew rescued.^[74]
• Born:
  • Silviu Brucan, Romanian author and politician, one of the authors of theLetter of the Six that led to the overthrow of theNicolae Ceaușescu regime; as Saul Bruckner, inBucharest,Kingdom of Romania (present-dayRomania) (d.2006)^{[citation needed]}
  • James F. Crow, American geneticist, leading researcher on thepaternal age effect onDNA; inPhoenixville, Pennsylvania,United States (d.2012)^{[citation needed]}
• Died:Lorenzo Latorre, 71, Uruguayan state leader, 26thPresident of Uruguay (b.1844)^{[citation needed]}

• Battle of Koprukoy – Ottoman forces regrouped at theErzurum fortressTurkey, losing 20,000 out of the 65,000 men they started with while the Russian force lost 12,000 out of 75,000 men.^[67]
• Montenegrin campaign –King Nicholas ofMontenegro fled toItaly.^[75]
• Senussi campaign – The mainSenussi camp that eluded Allied scouts was finally located by air reconnaissance 22 mi (35 km) southwest ofMatruh inNorth Africa.^[76]
• Born:
  • Harry Huskey, American computer engineer, designer of theSWAC andBendix computers; in theGreat Smoky Mountains,North Carolina,United States (d.2017)^{[citation needed]}
  • Brion Gysin, English artist, best known for his collaborations with writerWilliam S. Burroughs, inventor of theDreamachine; inTaplow,England (d.1986)^{[citation needed]}
• Died:Isaac S. Catlin, 80, AmericanUnion Army officer, recipient of theMedal of Honor for action at theBattle of the Crater during theAmerican Civil War; died of complications from astroke (b.1835)^{[citation needed]}

• Ivan Goremykin was dismissed from his position asPrime Minister of Russia andBoris Shturmer was appointed byTsar Nicholas II to replace him.^[77]
• Died:
  • Ephraim Francis Baldwin, 78, American architect, best known for designing the train stations for theBaltimore and Ohio Railroad and for many Catholic churches includingCathedral of St. John the Baptist inSavannah, Georgia andSt. Leo's Church inBaltimore (b.1837)^{[citation needed]}
  • Nedeljko Čabrinović, 20, Serbian revolutionary, one of the conspirators involved in theassassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand; died in prison (b.1895)^{[citation needed]}

• Battle of Hanna – A British force of around 10,000 men under command ofLieutenant GeneralFenton Aylmer attacked the Ottoman line defended by an estimated 30,000 soldiers along theTigris, and lost 2,741 men compared to the 503 casualties on the Ottoman side. The defeat left British forces defendingKut completely vulnerable.^[78]
• The German air squadronJagdstaffel 5 was established as the first dedicated fighting squadron for the Imperial German Flying Corps although it would not be mobilized until August 21.^[79]
• TheBritish Army cavalry unitsI andII Brigades^[80] were dissolved with the2nd Mounted Division following their completion of service at theGallipoli campaign.^[81]
• Died:Louis H. Carpenter, 76, AmericanUnion Army officer, commander during theBattle of Gettysburg and theAmerican Indian Wars, recipient of theMedal of Honor (b.1839)^{[citation needed]}

• Senussi campaign – A desert column with theAlliedWestern Frontier Force prepared to assault the mainSenussi inNorth Africa.^[76]
• Born:
  • Bill Durnan, Canadian hockey player, goaltender for theMontreal Canadiens, two-time winner of theStanley Cup; as William Ronald Durnan, inToronto,Canada (d.1972)^{[citation needed]}
  • Riza Lushta, Albanianassociation football player, playedcentre forward for various clubs from 1934 to 1953 includingTirana andJuventus; inMitrovica,Kingdom of Serbia (present-dayKosovo) (d.1997)^{[citation needed]}
  • Henri Dutilleux, French composer, known for his compositionsTout un monde lointain... andL'arbre des songes; inAngers,France (d.2013)^{[citation needed]}
  • Stephen C. O'Connell, American lawyer and academic, 6th President of theUniversity of Florida; inWest Palm Beach, Florida,United States (d.2001)^{[citation needed]}

• Senussi campaign – Troops with theWestern Frontier Force attacked theSenussi but were soon outflanked, forcing defensive maneuvers that allowed the main body ofSenussi to escape. British casualties were21 killed and291 wounded while capturedSenussi estimated200 killed and500 wounded on their side.^[82]
• Born:
  • David Douglas Duncan, American war photojournalist, covered theBattle of Okinawa and Japanese surrender on theUSSMissouri; inKansas City, Missouri,United States (d.2018)^{[citation needed]}
  • Paul B. Johnson Jr., American politician, 54thGovernor of Mississippi, son ofPaul B. Johnson Sr.; inHattiesburg, Mississippi, United States (d.1985)^{[citation needed]}
  • Airey Neave, British politician,Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland from 1974 to 1979; inKnightsbridge,London,England (assassinated,1979)^{[citation needed]}
• Died:Isa Boletini, 52, Albanian partisan, one of the leaders of theAlbanian Revolt; killed by Montenegrin forces (b.1864)^{[citation needed]}

• Vice AdmiralReinhard Scheer was appointed commander of Germany'sHigh Seas Fleet afterHugo von Pohl proved too ill to continue command.^[83]
• Senussi campaign – Air reconnaissance located the newSenussi camp butAllied forces stood down for rest and waited for the wet weather to improve before moving.^[82]
• InBrowning, Montana, the temperature dropped from +6.7 to −48.8 °C (44.1 to −55.8 °F) in one day, the greatest change ever on record for a 24-hour period.^[84]
• TheSupreme Court of the United States upheld the nationalincome tax in the decision concerningBrushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co..^[85]
• The Persian-language magazineKaveh, named after thePersian mythical hero, began publication out of the Federal Foreign Office inBerlin.^[86]
• Born:
  • Rafael Caldera, Venezuelan state leader, 56th and 63rdPresident of Venezuela from 1969 to 1974 and 1994 to 1999 respectively; inSan Felipe, Yaracuy,Venezuela (d.2009)^{[citation needed]}
  • Jack Brickhouse, American sportscaster, best known for hisplay-by-play coverage ofChicago Cubs games onWGN-TV from 1948 to 1981; as John Beasley Brickhouse, inPeoria, Illinois,United States (d.1998)^{[citation needed]}
  • Walter A. Haas Jr., American business executive, chairman and CEO ofLevi Strauss & Co. from 1958 to 1981; inSan Francisco, United States (d.1995)^{[citation needed]}
  • Gene Mako, Hungarian-born American tennis player, five-time Grand Slam doubles champion in the 1930s; as Constantine Eugene Mako, inBudapest,Austria-Hungary (present-dayHungary) (d.2013)^{[citation needed]}
  • Sudirman, Indonesian army officer, first commander of theIndonesian National Armed Forces; inPurbalingga Regency,Dutch East Indies (present-dayIndonesia) (d.1950)^{[citation needed]}
  • Daphne Lorraine Gum, Australian healthcare worker, pioneer in treatment and care of children withcerebral palsy; inPinnaroo, South Australia,Australia (d.2017)^{[citation needed]}

• Montenegrin campaign –Montenegro formally surrendered toAustria-Hungary.^[87]
• Born:
  • Pop Ivy, American football coach, noted for being the only coach to serve in both theNational Football League andAmerican Football League, including theSt. Louis Cardinals,Houston Oilers, andNew York Giants; as Lee Frank Ivy, inSkiatook, Oklahoma,United States (d.2003)^{[citation needed]}
  • Eli Waldron, American writer, best known for short fiction and non-fiction including "The Beekeeper" and "The Death of Hank Williams"; inOconto Falls, Wisconsin, United States (killed in a car accident,1980)^{[citation needed]}

• Ross Sea party – The sledging party of the second arm of theImperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition reachedMount Hope near theBeardmore Glacier to lay down a depot for the first arm of the expedition that was expected to reach the location in the coming weeks, even though the actual party was marooned on drifting ice in theWeddell Sea. One of the sledging party,Arnold Spencer-Smith, had taken ill during the trek and was left in a tent along the route while the party completed their mission.^[88]

• The British government passedlegislation that introducedconscription inGreat Britain.^{[89][page needed]}
• Died:Francis Ley, 70, British industrialist and sports executive, founder ofVulcan Iron Works inDerby and theDerby County Baseball Club (b.1846)^{[citation needed]}

• Women were given theright to vote inManitoba, the first Canadian province to do so.^[90]
• The operaGoyescas byEnrique Granados premiered at theMetropolitan Opera inNew York City, the first Spanish opera ever to be performed there.^{[citation needed]}
• Born:
  • Dottie Hunter, Canadian baseball player, played first base for theAll-American Girls Professional Baseball League; as Dorothy Hunter, inWinnipeg,Canada (d.2005)^{[citation needed]}
  • Dale Alford, American politician, U.S. Representative fromArkansas from 1959 to 1963; as Thomas Dale Alford, in New Hope,Pike County, Arkansas,United States (d.2000)^{[citation needed]}

• Erzurum Offensive – Ottoman GeneralMahmud Kâmil Pasha, command of theOttoman Third Army, arrived fromIstanbul after learning the Russians had successfully broken through the Ottoman defense line in theErzurum Province and began making new defense plans against the offensive.^[91]
• Ross Sea party – The sledging party of the second arm of theImperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition picked up ailingArnold Spencer-Smith on their return fromMount Hope, who was now too weak to walk and had to be carried in a sledge. Expedition leaderAeneas Mackintosh also became too weak to pull and later had to be carried by sledge.^[92]
• Born:
  • Bill Lawrence, American journalist,White House correspondent ofThe New York Times during the 1950s and political affairs editor forABC News during the 1960s, recipient of the 1965Peabody Award and 1972Emmy Award; as William H. Lawrence, inLincoln, Nebraska,United States (d.1972)^{[citation needed]}
  • Harry Peulevé, British-French special agent, member of theSpecial Operations Executive duringWorld War II and escapee from theBuchenwald concentration camp; inHastings,England (d.1963)^{[citation needed]}

• A German zeppelin bombedParis, killing six civilians and wounding another 30 people.^[93]
• The Italian air squadron71a Squadriglia was established inTurin as Italy's firstfighter squadron.^[94]
• Arthur Warren Waite, a dentist fromGrand Rapids, Michigan, poisoned his mother-in-lawHannah M. Carpenter using arsenic while she stayed at his home inNew York City. It was the first of two murders, the second being Waite's father-in-law Jon E. Peck who arrived two months later following his wife's death.^{[95][96][page needed]}
• Born:Ethel du Pont, American heiress and socialite, granddaughter toEugene du Pont and wife toFranklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.; inWilmington, Delaware,United States (d.1965, suicide)^{[citation needed]}
• Died:
  • Joseph Jacobs, 61, Australian folklorist, collected and popularized many popular English fairy tales inEnglish Fairy Tales andMore English Fairy Tales (b.1854)^{[citation needed]}
  • Clements Markham, 85, English geographer, chief organizer of theDiscovery Expedition to theAntarctic (b.1830)^{[citation needed]}

• German airships resumed bombing raids againstGreat Britain, as nineImperial German Navy zeppelins led by the chief of the German Naval Airship DivisionPeter Strasser attempted to attackLiverpool. Most of their bombing targets were scattered widely around theEnglish Midlands and did not reach the city.^[97]
• German cruiserSMSKarlsruhe was launched at theKaiserliche Werft Kiel inKiel,Germany and would play a role inOperation Albion the following year.^[98]
• Born:Sangoulé Lamizana, Voltiac state leader, 2ndPresident of theRepublic of Upper Volta inWest Africa (nowBurkina Faso); as Aboubakar Sangoulé Lamizana, inDianra,French Upper Volta (present-dayIvory Coast) (d.2005)^{[citation needed]}

• January 1916
• January by year
• Months in the 1910s

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