Janata Dal | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | JD |
| Founder | V. P. Singh |
| Founded | 11 October 1988 (37 years ago) (1988-10-11) |
| Dissolved | 2003 |
| Merger of | |
| Succeeded by | |
| Ideology | Social democracy |
| Political position | Centre[2] |
| National affiliation |
|
| Colours | Green |
Janata Dal (lit. 'People's Party') was anIndian political party which was formed through the merger ofLok Dal,Jagiivan's Congress, andJan Morcha on 11 October 1988—the birth anniversary ofJayaprakash Narayan under the leadership ofV. P. Singh.[3][4]
V. P. Singh united the entire disparate spectrum of parties ranging from regional parties such as theTelugu Desam Party, theDravida Munnetra Kazhagam, and theAsom Gana Parishad, and formed theNational Front withN. T. Rama Rao as President and Singh as convenor. The front also included outside support from theright-wingBharatiya Janata Party and theleft-wing Left Front, led by theCommunist Party of India andCommunist Party of India (Marxist). They defeatedRajiv Gandhi'sCongress (I) in the 1989 parliamentary elections.[5][6]His government fell afterLalu Prasad Yadav gotAdvani arrested inSamastipur and stopped hisRam Rath Yatra, which was going toAyodhya to the site of the Babri Masjid on 23 October 1990, and the Bharatiya Janata Party withdrew support. Singh lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on 7 November 1990.[7] In the1991 Indian general election the Janata Dal lost power but emerged as the third largest party in theLok Sabha.[8] The Janata Dal-ledUnited Front formed the government after the1996 Indian general election with the outside support of theIndian National Congress. However, after this the Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, which largely became regional parties such asBiju Janata Dal,Rashtriya Janata Dal,Janata Dal (Secular) andJanata Dal (United).[9]
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It first came to power in 1989, after cases of corruption, known as theBofors scandal, causedRajiv Gandhi'sCongress (I) to lose the elections. TheNational Front coalition that was formed consisted of the Janata Dal and a few smaller parties in the government, and had outside support from theLeft Front and theBharatiya Janata Party.V. P. Singh was the prime minister. In November 1990, this coalition collapsed, and a new government headed byChandra Shekhar underSamajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) which had the support of the Congress came to power for a short while. Two days before the vote,Chandra Shekhar, an ambitious Janata Dal rival who had been kept out of the National Front government, joined with Devi Lal, a former deputy prime minister under V. P. Singh, to form the Samajwadi Janata Party, with a total of sixtyLok Sabha members. The day after the collapse of the National Front government, Chandra Shekhar informed the president that by gaining the backing of the Congress (I) and its electoral allies he enjoyed the support of 280 members of the Lok Sabha, and he demanded the right to constitute a new government. Even though his rump party accounted for only one-ninth of the members of the Lok Sabha, Chandra Shekhar succeeded in forming a new minority Government and becoming prime minister (with Devi Lal as deputy prime minister). However, Chandra Shekhar's government fell less than four months later, after the Congress (I) withdrew its support.[10]
Its second spell of power began in 1996, when the Janata Dal-ledUnited Front coalition came to power, with outside support from the Congress underSitaram Kesri, choosingH. D. Deve Gowda as their prime minister. The Congress withdrew its support in less than a year, after theDeve Gowda Government restarted probing the corruption cases against a lot of Congress leaders, hoping to gain power with the support of various United Front constituent groups, andI. K. Gujral became the next prime minister. His government too fell in a few months, and in February 1998, the Janata Dal-led coalition lost power to theBharatiya Janata Party in general elections.[citation needed]
| No. | Portrait | Presidents | Year | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | Vishwanath Pratap Singh | 1989-1997 | days |
| 2 |  | Sharad Yadav | 1997-1999 | days |
| No. | Image | Prime ministers | Year | Duration | Constituency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | Vishwanath Pratap Singh | 1989 – 1990 | 343 days | Fatehpur |
| 2 |  | H. D. Deve Gowda | 1996 – 1997 | 324 days | — (Rajya SabhaMP) fromKarnataka |
| 3 |  | Inder Kumar Gujral | 1997 – 1998 | 332 days | — (Rajya SabhaMP) fromBihar |
| No. | Portrait | Vice president | Year | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Krishan Kant | 21 August 1997 – 27 July 2002 | 4 years, 340 days |
| No. | Portrait | Deputy prime minister | Year | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Devi Lal | 10 November 1990 – 21 June 1991 | 242 Days |
| No. | Portrait | Deputy chief minister | State | Year | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Banarsi Das Gupta | Haryana | ||
| 2 | Hukam Singh | Haryana | |||
| 3 | J. H. Patel | Karnataka | |||
| 4 | .jpg) | K. Siddaramaiah | Karnataka |
| Year | Seats won | Votes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 Indian general election | 143 |  143 | 53,518,521 | 53,518,521 |
| 1991 Indian general election | 59 |  84 | 32,628,400 | 2,08,90,121 |
| 1996 Indian general election | 46 | 13 | 27,070,340 | 55,58,060 |
| 1998 Indian general election | 6 | 40 | 11,930,209 | 1,51,40,131 |
| Party Disintegrated | ||||
Anantram Jaiswal (1983)
B. Rachaiah (1989)[12]
Siddaramaiah (Feb 1999)[13]
C. Byre Gowda (July 1999)[14]
Jeevaraj Alva (1989-1990)[15][12]
C. Narayanaswamy (1999)[14]
Sivaji Ganesan (1989–1993)
In this vacuum, the BJP's path to power followed that of three other centrist parties, similar to Congress, which led coalitions on three separate occasions.
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)Leaders ofJanata Dal | ||
|---|---|---|
| Prime Ministers of Janata Dal | | |