CaptainJames Wilson (1760–1814), commanded the British shipDuff, which theLondon Missionary Society contracted in 1797 to convey a team of missionaries (consisting of thirty men, six women, and three children) to their postings inTahiti,Tonga, and theMarquesas Islands.

Wilson was born in 1760. He had been a British soldier during theAmerican War of Independence and then he had worked for theEast India Company. He had been an adventurer who was noted for not being religious. Eventually he had enough money to retire and it was during his retirement that he was converted to Christianity. He heard of the formation of a missionary society via theEvangelical Magazine. His track record made him the focus of their efforts.^[1]Thomas Haweis who had inspired the creation of missionaries was particularly supportive. The objective was to send missionaries to the South Seas. Wilson had volunteered to lead such a journey and this offer was accepted in September 1795. It was Wilson who suggested that they should buy a boat and he found theDuff which was 264 tons and enabled theLondon Missionary Society to plan for a large number of missionaries. The proposed missionary group could include artisans so that the group could model their civilisation and be resistant to a small number of deaths. It was agreed to send then toTahiti and if possibleTonga and theMarquesas Islands.^[1]

TheDuff set sail in 1797. During the voyage, Wilson also surveyed (or confirmed the locations of) numerous islands in the Pacific, includingVanua Balavu,Fulaga andOgea Levu inFiji,Mangareva in theGambier Islands,Pukarua in theTuamotus, andSatawal,Elato, andLamotrek, in theCaroline Islands.^[2]

Three years after the establishment of the British mission in Tahiti, the directors of the Society appointed a committee to consider a suitable memorial for presentation to Wilson for his services in helping to establish the first mission in the South Seas.^[3]

He published an account of his voyage:A Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean in 1799.^[4] This added to the idea that Wilson was the hero and his reputation overshadowed that of the missionaries and the Polynesians.^[1]

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• Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands
• History
• London Missionary Society

• 1760 births
• 1814 deaths
• English explorers of the Pacific
• 18th-century British explorers

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