James A. Garfield National Historic Site | |
.jpg) Garfield's home, restored to original color | |
 Interactive map showing James A. Garfield National Historic Site’s location | |
| Location | 8095 Mentor Avenue,Mentor, Ohio |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 41°39′50.256″N81°21′3.2652″W / 41.66396000°N 81.350907000°W /41.66396000; -81.350907000 |
| Area | 4.9 acres (2.0 ha) |
| Built | 1876 (1876) |
| Visitation | 36,553 (2023[3]) |
| Website | James A. Garfield National Historic Site |
| NRHP reference No. | 66000613[1] (original) 15000675 (increase) |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966 |
| Boundary increase | September 29, 2015 |
| Designated NHL | January 28, 1964 |
| Designated NHS | December 28, 1980[2] |
James A. Garfield National Historic Site is aUnited StatesNational Historic Site located inMentor, Ohio. The site preserves theLawnfield estate and surrounding property ofJames A. Garfield, the 20thpresident of the United States, and includes the first presidential library established in the United States.
James A. Garfield acquired the home in 1876 to accommodate his large family. During the1880 presidential election, Garfield conducted what became the first successfulfront porch campaign from the home, which became known as "Lawnfield" by the reporters covering his campaign. That same year, Garfield had 11 rooms added to the building to accommodate his large family.[4]Garfield was shot four months into his term and died on September 19, 1881. Four years after his assassination, his widowLucretia Garfield and her family added the Memorial Library wing, setting the precedent forpresidential libraries.
Garfield purchased the Mentor residence for several reasons. Until this time, he had been a resident ofHiram and represented the19th Ohio congressional district. The Democratic Ohio Legislature had redistricted and removed theRepublican Party counties of Ashtabula, Lake, Geauga, and Trumbull from the district, leaving only theDemocratic Party counties of Ashland, Stark and Wayne.[5]
Garfield also wanted a place where his sons could learn about farming, as well as a permanent residence where he could spend his summers while Congress was on recess.[5]
Lucretia Garfield lived in the house at least part of every year until her death in 1918. Her brother, Joseph Rudolph, lived there until he died in 1934. In 1936, Garfield's children donated the house and its contents to theWestern Reserve Historical Society for use as a museum. On December 28, 1980, theUnited States Congress declared the Garfield home a National Historic Site.[6]
The site was operated by theNational Park Service with the Western Reserve Historical Society until January 2008, at which time the WRHS transferred the site's land, buildings and operation to the National Park Service. As of February 2015[update] the site is managed byCuyahoga Valley National Park.[7]
In the 1990s, a $12.5 million, six-year restoration of the Garfield house took place, with a grand reopening in 1998.[6] The house was redecorated with authentic furniture and household items of 1886–1904 acquired through extensive research by the Denver Service Center of the National Park Service.[8]
The Garfield Historical Site is one of the most accurately restored and highly detailed of the 19th-century U.S. presidential sites. Of its hundreds of examples of antiqueVictorian furniture, over 80% was owned by the Garfield family themselves in the 1880s. Many others were acquired or recreated by the National Park Service to supplement the collection. Tenwallpapers were also reproduced from photographs, and from samples found under layers of wallpaper applied through the subsequent decades.[9]
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