James A. Beaver | |
|---|---|
 Beaver pictured inLa Vie 1908, Penn State yearbook | |
| 20th Governor of Pennsylvania | |
| In office January 18, 1887 – January 20, 1891 | |
| Lieutenant | William T. Davies |
| Preceded by | Robert E. Pattison |
| Succeeded by | Robert E. Pattison |
| President of the Pennsylvania State University Acting | |
| In office 1906–1908 | |
| Preceded by | George W. Atherton |
| Succeeded by | Edwin Erle Sparks |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1837-10-21)October 21, 1837 Millerstown,Pennsylvania |
| Died | January 31, 1914(1914-01-31) (aged 76) Bellefonte, Pennsylvania |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Mary McAllister |
| Occupation |
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| Signature | .png) |
James Addams Beaver (October 21, 1837 – January 31, 1914) was an American attorney, recruiter and field commander ofPennsylvaniaInfantry who was wounded four times during theAmerican Civil War, and politician who served as the 20thgovernor of Pennsylvania from 1887 to 1891.[1] He also served as theacting president of thePennsylvania State University from 1906 to 1908.[2]
Born inMillerstown, Pennsylvania, James was educated by his mother (his father having died in 1840) until 1846, when the family removed toBelleville, and he was sent to school. In 1852 he entered Pine Grove Academy, and in 1854 joined the junior class in Jefferson College.[3] Beaver graduated from Jefferson College inCanonsburg, Pennsylvania (nowWashington & Jefferson College), in 1856.[4][5]
After graduation, he read law in the office of H.N. McAllister, atBellefonte, Pennsylvania, and was taken into partnership by him almost as soon as he was of age. During this period of his life, he joined a local military company — the "Bellefonte Fencibles," under Capt.Andrew G. Curtin, afterward war governor of Pennsylvania. He made a thorough study of tactics, and, when PresidentAbraham Lincoln called for volunteers to suppress therebellion in 1861, he was second lieutenant of the company which promptly marched for the defence of the national capital.[3]
On the organization of the 45th Pennsylvania volunteers, he became its lieutenant-colonel, and first saw active service in the neighborhood ofHilton Head andPort Royal, South Carolina. A new call for volunteers was issued in 1862 and Lieut-Col. Beaver was commissioned colonel of the148th Pennsylvania volunteers, recruited in the vicinity of his home. He had by this time developed high qualities as a disciplinarian, and his men made it their boast that they were often mistaken for regulars. The regiment joined the army of the Potomac just after theBattle of Fredericksburg, was assigned to Hancock's corps, and first met the enemy at theBattle of Chancellorsville (2 and 3 May 1863), where it held an advanced position, and lost very heavily, Col. Beaver being among the wounded.[3]
He had not recovered when the third call for troops was issued; but, at his own request, he was placed on recruiting service, in command of Camp Curtin. He was able to rejoin his regiment just before theBattle of Gettysburg, but, still weak from his wound, was not permitted to take command during the fight. He led his regiment throughout theWilderness Campaign in May 1864, and took part in the successful assault upon the confederate works atSpottsylvania Court House, his regiment being among the first to scale the earthworks. At theBattle of Cold Harbor (3 June 1864) he was left in command of the brigade, Gen.Brooke being wounded, and later he was himself slightly wounded, but not disabled, and remained at his post during the rest of the day, holding an advanced position close to the enemy's works, and constantly under fire.[3]
On 16 June 1864, he was again wounded while leading his brigade in the first assault upon the works at Petersburg. Returning to duty before his wound was fairly healed, he rode to the battlefield ofReam's Station in an ambulance, and had scarcely reached the front and assumed command at the advanced line when his right leg was shattered by a rifle ball. Amputation of the right leg followed, and, although his life was saved, the 26-year-old was no longer capable of active military service. He was brevetted brigadier general of volunteers, 10 November 1864, and mustered out of service at his own request on 22 December of that year, refusing to remain in the army on light duty as he was urged to do. He repeatedly declined promotion that would have taken him away from his own regiment, feeling bound to remain with the men whom he had enlisted.[3]
Following the war, Beaver pursued his law career. He was elected a member of the board of trustees of thePennsylvania State College in 1873, and took active part as a speaker in the campaigns of theRepublican Party.[3] He declined offers to run for public office until 1881 (including a spot as vice president onJames Garfield's Republican ticket). He lost toRobert Pattison, but, because the new state constitution of 1874 prohibited governors from serving multiple consecutive terms, Beaver ran again and served as governor for the four years between Pattison's two non-consecutive terms. In 1895, he was appointed as one of the judges of the first state Superior Court, an office he held until his death in 1914. He was buried inUnion Cemetery inBellefonte. He was a prominent member of theGrand Army of the Republic.[3]
Beaver Stadium and Beaver Hall, located on theUniversity Park campus ofPennsylvania State University, as well as Beaver Avenue inState College are all named in his honor.
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Republican nominee forGovernor of Pennsylvania 1882,1886 | Succeeded by George Delamater |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Robert E. Pattison | Governor of Pennsylvania January 18, 1887 – January 20, 1891 | Succeeded by |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded by | Pennsylvania State University President Interregnum 1906–1908 | Succeeded by |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Other | |
