Jambi is aprovince ofIndonesia. It is located on the east coast of centralSumatra and stretches to theBarisan Mountains in the west. Its capital and largest city is also calledJambi. It is bordered by the provinces ofRiau to the north,West Sumatra to the west,Bengkulu to the southwest,South Sumatra to the south, and shares a maritime border with theRiau Islands to the east and thePacific Ocean to the east. The province has a land area of 49,026.58 km2, and a sea area of 3,274.95 km2. Its area is comparable to theEuropean country ofSlovakia orSmolensk Oblast. It had a population of 3,092,265 according to the 2010 census[9] and 3,548,228 according to the 2020 census;[3] the official estimate of population as of mid-2024 was 3,745,746 (comprising 1,893,490 males and 1,830,790 females).[2]
Jambi was the site of theMelayu kingdom that engaged in trade throughout theStrait of Malacca and beyond. It was recorded as having sent a mission to China in 644 CE. It was annexed bySrivijaya by 685 CE, but tried to declare its independence in the 9th century. Jambi succeededPalembang, its southern economic and military rival, as the major player in trade in the Malacca straits. After the 1025Cholaraids in Southeast Asia, Jambi still sent missions to China.[10]: 72, 114
In the early decades of the Dutch presence in the region, when the Dutch were one of several traders competing with the British, Chinese, Arabs, and Malays, theJambi Sultanate profited from trade inpepper with the Dutch. This relationship declined by about 1770, and the sultanate had little contact with the Dutch for about sixty years.[citation needed]
In 1833, minor conflicts with theDutch East Indies who were well established in Palembang, meant the Dutch increasingly felt the need to control the actions of Jambi. They coerced Sultan Facharudin to agree to greater Dutch presence in the region and control over trade, although the sultanate remained nominally independent. In 1858 the Dutch, concerned over the risk of competition for control from other foreign powers, invaded Jambi with a force from their capitalBatavia. They met little resistance, and Sultan Taha fled upriver, to the inland regions of Jambi. The Dutch installed a puppet ruler, Nazarudin, in the lower region, which included the capital city. For the next forty years Taha maintained the upriver kingdom, and slowly reextended his influence over the lower regions through political agreements and marriage connections. In 1904, however, the Dutch were stronger and, as a part of a larger campaign to consolidate control over the entire archipelago, managed to capture and kill Taha, and in 1906, the entire area was brought under direct colonial control.
Following the death of Jambi Sultan, Taha Saifuddin, on 27 April 1904 and the success of the Dutch controlled areas of the Sultanate of Jambi, Jambi then was set up as a Residency and entry into the territory Netherlands Indies. Jambi's first Resident OL Helfrich was appointed by the governor general under Dutch Decree No. 20, dated 4 May 1906, with his inauguration held on 2 July 1906.
In 1945, Sumatra comprised a single province, but in 1948 this was divided into three provinces, including the province ofCentral Sumatra (which included present-day Jambi Province). In 1957 this short-lived province was itself divided, and Jambi was created as an independent Province.
When Jambi Province was created in 1957, it comprised three regencies -Kerinci (renamed from South Pesisir Regency on 19 March 1956),Batanghari andBungo Tebo - as well as the independent city ofJambi City. On 14 June 1965 two new regencies were formed -Sarolangun Bangko from part of Bungo Tebo Regency, andTanjung Jabung from part of Batanghari Regency. On 4 October 1999 four additional regencies were created by splitting each of four existing regencies in two -Muara Jambi was formed from part of Batanghari Regency, while Sarolangun Bangko Regency was split into separateSarolangun andMerangin Regencies, Tanjung Jabung Regency was split into separateTanjung Jabung Barat (West Tanjung Jabung) andTanjung Jabung Timur (East Tanjung Jabung) Regencies, and Bungo Tebo Regency was split into separateBungo andTebo Regencies. Finally, a second independent city ofSungai Penuh (Penuh River) was split off from Kerinci Regency on 1 July 2008.
Thus Jambi province is now divided into nineregencies (kabupaten) and twocities (kota), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010[9] and 2020[3] censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2024.[2] These are divided into 141 districts (kecamatan), in turn sub-divided into 153 urban villages (kelurahan) and 1,399 rural villages (desa).
The province forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to thePeople's Representative Council. TheJambi Electoral District consists of all of the 9 regencies in the province, together with the cities of Jambi and Sungai Penuh, and elects 8 members to the People's Representative Council.[12]
The site was aBuddhist education centre that flourished during the 7th and 8th centuries and is made from bricks similar to those used in Buddhist temples inIndia.[13]
Due to transmigration policy, many ethnic groups from various parts of Indonesia, especially Java, Borneo, Sulawesi and other parts of Sumatra brought their native languages as well. The non-Pribumi (non-Native Indonesian ethnicities) people such as theChinese Indonesians speak severalvarieties of Chinese.
TheKerinci people live in the western part of the province, specifically in the regencies of Kerinci, Merangin, Bungo and the city of Sungai Penuh. Besides Jambi Province, Kerinci communities can also be found in neighbouring West Sumatra. As of 2022[update], Islam is the largest religion in Jambi, being practised by 96.09% of the population. Minority religions are Christianity with 3,9%, Buddhism 0.92%, Confucianism 0.02% and Hinduism 0.01% of the population.[14]
^Law No. 7/2017 (UU No. 7 Tahun 2017) as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 and Regulation of General Elections Commission No. 6/2023.
