| Jak and Daxter | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Genres | |
| Developers |
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| Publisher | Sony Interactive Entertainment |
| Creators | |
| Platforms | |
| First release | Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy December 4, 2001 |
| Latest release | Jak and Daxter Collection February 7, 2012 |
Jak and Daxter is aplatform video game franchise created byAndy Gavin andJason Rubin and owned bySony Interactive Entertainment. The series was originally developed byNaughty Dog with a number of installments being outsourced toReady at Dawn andHigh Impact Games. The first game,Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy, released on December 4, 2001, was one of the earliest titles for thePlayStation 2, and the series collectively is regarded as a defining franchise for the console.
The games are story-basedplatformers that feature a mixture ofaction,racing andpuzzle solving. The series is set in a fictional universe that incorporatesscience fantasy,steampunk,cyberpunk, and mystical elements, while centering on the eponymous characters as they try to uncover the secrets of their world, and unravel the mysteries left behind by an ancient race called the Precursors. The games are inspired by a combination ofEastern andWestern culture, a decision made among the team members atNaughty Dog and related stakeholders while developing the first title.
The first three games in the series were re-released on thePlayStation 3 andPlayStation Vita as part of the remasteredJak and Daxter Collection that includes support for thePlayStation Network and thePlayStation Suite.[1] The original threeJak and Daxter games, along withJak X: Combat Racing, were released for thePlayStation 4 asJak and Daxter Bundle in August 2017, alongside the release ofUncharted: The Lost Legacy. In December that year,Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy,Jak II,Jak 3 andJak X: Combat Racing were also released for individual purchase. The first four games were later made available onPlayStation 5 through backward compatibility with the PlayStation 4. In 2024, the remaining two games,Daxter andJak and Daxter: The Lost Frontier, were re-released for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5. The series has also produced various forms of extended media and merchandise, and has sold over 15 million copies worldwide.
| 2001 | Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy |
|---|---|
| 2002 | |
| 2003 | Jak II |
| 2004 | Jak 3 |
| 2005 | Jak X: Combat Racing |
| 2006 | Daxter |
| 2007 | |
| 2008 | |
| 2009 | Jak and Daxter: The Lost Frontier |
| 2010 | |
| 2011 | |
| 2012 | Jak and Daxter Collection |
Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy was first released in North America on December 4, 2001, for thePlayStation 2. AfterDaxter falls into a Dark Eco silo at the forbidden Misty Island, he is transformed from a human into an ottsel, a fictional hybrid of an otter and weasel. In a quest to return Daxter to human form, he andJak set out to find the Dark Eco sage Gol Acheron. However, the duo find Acheron corrupted by Dark Eco, choosing to use the elusive Light Eco to defeat him and save the world at the cost of Daxter remaining in his ottsel form.[2] Abrowser game was published online in 2001 to promoteThe Precursor Legacy.[3]
Jak II was first released in North America on October 14, 2003, for the PlayStation 2. Its narrative takes place directly after the events ofThe Precursor Legacy. Jak, Daxter, Samos, and Keira are thrust into the industrious Haven City after using the rift gate, with Jak being imprisoned by the Krimzon Guard upon his arrival in the city. Jak is subjected to experiments with Dark Eco and is subsequently capable of using Dark Eco powers. With the help of Daxter, Jak escapes the prison and is now in search of vengeance against the Krimzon Guard.[4]
Jak 3 was first released in North America on November 9, 2004, for the PlayStation 2. After being blamed by the residents of Haven City for its destruction, Jak and Daxter are exiled to the Wasteland by Count Veger. Ashelin gives Jak a beacon in hopes that he'll be tracked down, with Damas, the king of nearby Spargus, rescuing him. In exchange, Jak and Daxter must now prove their worth to Damas and the city or risk being banished and thrown back into the desert.[5]
Jak X: Combat Racing was first released in North America on October 18, 2005, for the PlayStation 2. Its narrative takes place following the events ofJak 3, with Jak and his allies inadvertently being poisoned while attending the reading of Krew's last will. Jak and his allies must partake and win the Kras City Grand Championship, a championship of the fictional sport of "combat racing", in Krew's name in order to obtain an antidote for the poison.[6]
Daxter was first released in North America on March 14, 2006, for thePlayStation Portable. The game primarily focuses on Daxter, taking place during the two-year gap introduced in the opening ofJak II. Daxter is now employed as a pest exterminator by the Kridder Ridder company, in which he works to mitigate the incoming metal bug invasion. Alongside this work, Daxter is on a quest to find and free Jak from his imprisonment by the Krimzon Guard.[7]
Jak and Daxter: The Lost Frontier was first released in North America on November 3, 2009, for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. Its narrative takes place an undisclosed amount of time after the events of the original trilogy. When their world begins to run low on Eco, Jak, Daxter, and Keira travel to the Brink, the edge of the world, in search of ancient Precursor machinery that can reverse this decline of Eco.[8]
Jak and Daxter Collection was first released in North America on February 7, 2012, for the PlayStation 3—the franchise's first appearance on the platform. It is aremastered port of the original trilogy—Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy,Jak II, andJak 3.[9] The games wereported byMass Media Games and feature720p graphics at 60 frames per second andtrophies.[10] Mass Media Games later ported the collection to thePlayStation Vita and it was released in June 2013—the franchise's only appearance on this platform.[11]
Jak and Daxter Bundle was first released in North America on December 7, 2017, for thePlayStation 4—the franchise's first appearance on the platform.[12] The bundle features emulations ofJak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy,Jak II,Jak 3, andJak X: Combat Racing, in addition to retaining trophy support.[12] Prior to the release of the bundle,The Precursor Legacy was released on the PlayStation 4 as a pre-order bonus forUncharted: The Lost Legacy.[13] Between 2019 and 2020,Limited Run Games released a limited amount of physical copies of both standard and collector's editions of the games.[14]
The series consists of foursingle-player-only games, and two that includemultiplayer. The series is primarily a story-basedplatformer presented in thethird-person perspective. The player can explore a multitude of different areas in an open world environment and can perform several melee attacks. A substance called Eco can also be manipulated to enhance the player's abilities, with differently-colored Eco having different effects. Red Eco enhances the damage dealt and yields one impervious to damage from Dark Eco crates. Blue Eco allows the player to move faster, jump slightly higher, move slightly farther using attacks, attract Green Eco and Precursor orbs, and operate certain color coded machines. Green Eco is used to restore health, while Yellow Eco allows the player to shoot fire from the character's hands, which can be done "from the hip," or using a scope. A hover bike called a "Zoomer" and a large bird known as a "Flut-Flut" are also available for transportation and to gain access to hard-to-reach places. "Flut-Flut" also has the ability to attack. Power Cells and Precursor Orbs are required to advance the story inThe Precursor Legacy, while completing story-related missions and collecting Precursor Orbs unlocks new locations and allows the player to unlock certain "Secrets" in all subsequent entries.
Shooting elements are briefly introduced inThe Precursor Legacy, becoming fully implemented inJak II.Jak II features customizable weapons and other varied forms of combat, expanding upon features present inThe Precursor Legacy. For example, Jak has many different gun mods. Each one is a certain color, either Red, Blue, Yellow, or Dark. Red gun mods make the gun similar to a shotgun. Blue lets it fire as a machine gun. Yellow mods are for long-range shooting, and Dark mods are for utmost power. Daxter is also a playable character and features in severalCrash Bandicoot-esque missions. Dark Eco powers also become available, which is countered by the introduction of Light Eco powers inJak 3. Guns can be upgraded twice through accomplishing certain story missions, and several abilities to use in both Light and Dark Jak forms are unlocked as well. Driving becomes a core ingredient and is further expanded upon inJak 3. InThe Lost Frontier aerial combat is integrated into the series. Precursor orbs can be collected in each game to unlock cheats.
Jak X deviates from the series' more traditional style of gameplay, adapting into the racing genre, and is based on the driving mechanics developed forJak 3. Several extras can be unlocked forJak X andDaxter by linking up the save files from the two respective games, and several player skins can be unlocked if the player has save files fromThe Precursor Legacy,Jak II,Jak 3 andInsomniac Games'Ratchet: Deadlocked.
With the exception ofThe Precursor Legacy, each installment offers "Hero Mode", which allows a player to replay the game at a higher level of difficulty with all or most of their previous acquisitions. This mode, in addition to other bonus content, can be unlocked by finishing the game and purchasing said content in the secrets menu with Precursor Orbs.
Naughty Dog began work on a new game shortly after the release of thesixth generation of consoles. Only two programmers were originally allocated to the project, as the rest of the department was still developingCrash Team Racing. They began by building a newgraphics engine that would be capable ofrendering a seamlessly connected, open world environment. They then developed a fully articulated character to examine the engine's efficiency, before presenting the idea toSony Computer Entertainment following the completion ofCrash Team Racing.[15] The aim of their new title was to break away from the linear approach taken in theCrash Bandicoot series, with minimal story and character development, and individually loaded levels.[16] In a behind-the-scenes special byNaughty Dog it was revealed that a new blend animation had been utilised for the game, allowing for a smoother frame rate and animation process.[17] The engine forJak and Daxter was created from the ground up specifically for the game. Unusually for most games, Naughty Dog invented a new programming language,GOAL, which was only ever used for theJak and Daxter series.[18]
Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy was revealed atE3 in June 2001. The game had a budget of $14 million and a development cycle that lasted nearly three years.[19] At that time, they managed to create a fully interactive world and conceived a narrative that would allow for more meaningful character development. The two central characters also went through a rigid design process that took inspiration from bothmanga andDisney animation. They had initially planned on introducing a third character who would evolve as the game progressed in aTamogotchi-style fashion. However, this idea was scrapped as it led to several unnecessary complications. The game'ssoundtrack was recorded atMutato Muzika Studios, and was produced byMark Mothersbaugh withJosh Mancell composing the score.
Following the release of the PlayStation Portable,Naughty Dog took interest in developing a newJak and Daxter title for the system. Producer Sam Thompson helmed the production of the game, whileNeil Druckmann was responsible for much of the design.[20] The team ultimately produced a tech demo, and had plans to allow players the ability to "create your own airships and cobble together all these things with these different stat bonuses and actually have meaningful engagements in the air".[20] However,Evan Wells revealed that they were unable to sustain the game's development alongsideUncharted: Drake's Fortune and made the decision to pass the project ontoHigh Impact Games, ultimately being fleshed out asJak and Daxter: The Lost Frontier.[20] Following the lackluster success of the game, Thompson expressed the company's disappointment with the execution ofThe Lost Frontier, commenting "I'm not happy with that being Jak's swan song. I think we could have done a lot better".[20]
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Jak and Daxter is set in a fictional universe. The first game takes place in a world brimming with various natural environments that are encompassed by village settlements, and ancient Precursor ruins and elements can be found riddled throughout the landscape. An elemental substance called Eco is prominent throughout the game and is considered the world's life source. Eco comes in several forms, Red Eco, Blue Eco, Yellow Eco, Green Eco, Light Eco and Dark Eco, each with different prospective effects. Subsequent entries/games are set in a future setting that has witnessed large advancements in both society and technology, mainly taking place in cities and other larger settlements and affecting both hand-to-hand combat and available weaponry. Beyond cities in subsequent games lies natural environments with many platforming segments, akin to the first game. Overall, there are many distinct and differing environments available to discover and explore. All three main titles take place in an open world with little to no load times—a goal emphasized heavily since the first game.
TheJak and Daxter universe is populated primarily by ahumanoidelfish species. Jak is the main protagonist of the series, and is playable in every game with the exception ofDaxter. InThe Precursor Legacy, he accidentally turned Daxter from a human into an ottsel (a fictional hybrid of an otter and weasel) after accidentally bumping him into a reservoir of Dark Eco and sets out on a quest in attempts to undo the transformation. InJak II, he is infused with Dark Eco due to experimentations performed by Baron Praxis, and inJak 3 he is blessed with Light Eco by the Precursors. Both Light and Dark Eco abilities are expanded upon during the course of the story inJak 3. InJak X, he is forced to race in the Kras City Grand Championship in order to save his life. He later travels to The Brink to investigate the Eco shortage that is ravaging his world inThe Lost Frontier.
Daxter is Jak's sidekick, and is often found getting into trouble. Daxter was once a human but fell into a pit of Dark Eco in the opening cutscene of the first game in the series, which mutated him into an ottsel. He rescues Jak at the beginning ofJak II, and becomes playable intermittently for the first time in the series. InJak 3 his role is expanded, and he gets a pair of pants as a reward for his efforts as an ongoing gag in the game. InDaxter, he details his adventures in the two-year time span before he managed to break Jak out of prison.[21] InJak X, he accompanies Jak and his friends to Kras City, and assists them as they compete in the Kras City Grand Championship. He later travels with Jak and Keira to The Brink inThe Lost Frontier.
FiveJak and Daxter soundtracks have been commercially released and have featured several composers, includingMark Mothersbaugh,Josh Mancell, Larry Hopkins,Billy Howerdel, andJames Dooley. The compositions were inspired byworld music, with Mancell commenting that he intended "to create something other than an expected orchestral flavoured fantasy soundtrack. I ended up using a lot of non-Western instruments and traditional, Western orchestral instruments such as the French Horn and Cello. Additionally, I feel the Jak games have both an ancient and futuristic vibe about them — I wanted the music to evoke both qualities."[22] The soundtracks forJak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy,Jak II,Jak 3, andJak X: Combat Racing were all commercially released in 2019 byLimited Run Games as part of the Collector's Edition of each respective game.[14]
On November 2, 2009,Jak and Daxter: The Lost Frontier Original Soundtrack was released on theiTunes Store by SIE.[23]
| Game | Metacritic |
|---|---|
| Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy | 90/100[24] |
| Jak II | 87/100[25] |
| Jak 3 | 84/100[26] |
| Jak X: Combat Racing | 76/100[27] |
| Daxter | 85/100[28] |
| Jak and Daxter: The Lost Frontier | 71/100 (PSP)[29] 72/100 (PS2)[30] |
| Jak and Daxter Collection | 81/100 (PS3)[31] 67/100 (VITA)[32] |
With physical and digital copies combined, theJak and Daxter franchise has sold over 15 million games worldwide (as of April 2017).[33]Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy received critical acclaim from several reviewers as compiled byreview aggregatorMetacritic, with the game having the highest score in the franchise at 90/100.Jak II,Jak 3,Daxter, andJak and Daxter Collection (PS3) all received generally favorable reception, whileJak X: Combat Racing only received mixed reception.The Lost Frontier also only had mixed reception and, not including the PlayStation Vita port ofJak and Daxter Collection, it has the lowest score in the series from Metacritic (71/100).
The series has received critical acclaim for its innovation in theplatform genre. The series holds seven records in theGuinness World Records Gamer's Edition, 2008, withThe Precursor Legacy holding a record for including the First Seamless 3D World in a Console Game.[34] Jack DeVries ofIGN referred to the series as "the best action platformers of [that] generation," praising the "huge worlds, memorable characters, action packed stories, and great gameplay".[35] Jeffrey Matulef ofEurogamer stated that "theJak and Daxter series may not be as solid a platformer asSly Cooper and its gunplay isn't as refined asRatchet & Clank's – but in terms of ambition, invention and grandiosity, it remains leagues above its last-gen platforming brethren".[36]
The series has also received praise for its diverse gameplay styles. Matt Helgeson ofGame Informer noted that the "series was driven by a restless sense of innovation," praising "Naughty Dog's work in this franchise [for creating] great characters, finely tuned gameplay, and a unceasing inventiveness".[37] Helgeson also declared that theJak games "stand up as epic adventures".[37] Matulef further stated that "theJak and Daxter series remains a fascinating document of the evolution of the action adventure; its heroes are unstuck in time, without a genre to call home. No series has been so willing to switch gameplay styles with such reckless abandon, andThe Jak and Daxter Trilogy represents a shining example of what happens when a capable developer takes a huge risk."[36]GameSpot stated that the franchise's "tight execution and heavy action elements ensure that things never become dull," adding that the franchise "manages to provide a rewarding gameplay experience that shouldn't be missed".[38]
Naughty Dog have released various forms of merchandise since the series' inception. These include strategy guides for each game, several forms of clothing and collectible figures.[39] A limited edition Precursor orb was also released to celebrate the series' 10th anniversary.[40]
TheJak and Daxter series has been featured in a variety of other media.
Evan Wells revealed that they had explored the idea of making a new game extensively before the development began onThe Last of Us (2013).[45] Creative directorNeil Druckmann later unveiled several illustrations for the abandoned game at a conference forThe Last of Us. He explained that they had planned on making a reboot of the series and had spent a long time exploring various concepts.[46]
In response to an alleged concept art leak in 2016, Naughty Dog's Director of Communication Arne Meyer stated that nothing was currently being worked on. Also, due to circumstances at Naughty Dog,Jak and Daxter has not yet been reconsidered, but is never off the table.[47]
In 2019,Limited Run Games announced a commemorative mock case for the unreleasedJak and Daxter reboot, which was released in June 2020. The mock case uses the titleJak IV and features concept art from the scrapped reboot that was revealed in Naughty Dog's coffee table book,The Art of Naughty Dog. The case, in addition to a digital theme code, was given to consumers who purchased all fourJak and Daxter titles directly from the Limited Run Games website.[48]
In February 2022, aJak and Daxter film adaptation was rumored to be in development withRuben Fleischer andNaughty Dog, although as of 2025, nothing has been confirmed.[49][50]
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