| Jain Basadis of hoysala | |
|---|---|
_at_Halebidu.JPG) Parshvanatha Basadi | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Jainism |
| Deity | Parshvanatha,Shantinatha andAdinatha |
| Festivals | Mahavir Jayanti |
| Location | |
| Location | Hassan, Karnataka, India |
 Interactive map of Jain Basadis of hoysala | |
| Coordinates | 13°12′31.2″N75°59′42.4″E / 13.208667°N 75.995111°E /13.208667; 75.995111 |
| Architecture | |
| Style | Hoysala architecture |
| Creator | Vishnuvardhana,Veera Ballala II |
| Established | 12th century |
| Temple | 3 |
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Jain hoysala complex inHalebidu,Hassan district consists of threeJain Basadis (Basti or temples) dedicated to the Jain TirthankarsParshvanatha,Shantinatha andAdinatha. The complex is situated nearKedareshwara temple andDwarasamudra lake. The temple complex also includes a step well calledHulikere Kalyani.[1]
These temples were constructed in the 12th century during the reign ofHoysala Empire along withKedareshwara temple andHoysaleswara Temple.Archaeological Survey of India has listed all three basadi in the complex in the list of "Must See" Indian Heritage and are also inscribed as one of the "Adarsh Smarak Monument".[2][3][4][5]
.JPG)
_at_Adinatha_basadi_in_Halebidu_(cropped).JPG)
Halebidu was the capital of theHoysala Empire between thec. 11th to 14th century CE when Jainism maintained a strong presence in the region.[6] The region was called Dorasamudra or Dwarasamundra during the rule of Hoysala.[7] Bittiga (later becameVishnuvardhana), is considered the greatest ruler of Hoysala kingdom and was a Jain till around 1115 after which he converted toVaishnavism under the influence of the Hindu saintRamanujacharya.[8][9][10][11][12] However, he still recognized Jainism on par with Hinduism.[1] During their regime, Hinduism and Jainism co-existed with utmost religious harmony.[4] Vishnuvardhana's wife Shantala Devi, remained a follower of Jainism.[13][14][15][16] These temple were later maintained byMaharaja of Mysore.[17] There are three basadis in this complex:[18][19]
TheParshvanatha Basadi was built by Boppadeva in 1133 CE during the reign of KingVishnuvardhana.[20] Boppadeva was the son of the notable Gangaraja, a minister under Hoysala King Vishnuvardhana. The construction of the temple coincided with the victory ofNarasimha I as the royal heir to the throne. The deity therefore is called Vijaya Parsvanatha (lit, "victorious Parsvanatha").[21]
TheShantinatha Basadi was built around 1192 CE, during the reign ofVeera Ballala II.[22][20]
TheAdinatha Basadi is the smallest of the Jain basadis also built inc. 12th century.[23] A monolith ofBahubali which was present inside this temple but is now displayed outside Halebidu museum.[24][25]
The temples along with the capital were plundered and destroyed twice, byMalik Kafur, general ofAlauddin Khalji during theSiege of Dwarasamudra in 1311 and by SultanMuhammad bin Tughluq in 1326.[1][13][26][27][28] TheWodeyar ofMysore andUmmathur (1399–1610),Nayakas of Keladi (1550–1763) were hostile Jains.[29] In 1683, they stampedlinga symbol in the mainbasati of Jains in Halebid and Jains were forced to perform Shiva rites.[30]
WhileHoysaleswara temple andKedareshwara temple are famous workmanship, The Jain basadis are famous for architectural tradition.[31] Halebidu Jain complex along withPattadakal are the most famous Jain centers inSouth Karnataka.[32] The temples are great example ondravidian architecture.[1]
Parshvanatha Basadi is notable for its architecture. This temple is famous for the beautiful navaranga halls and exquisite carvings on the lathe-turned pillars.[33][34] These pillars are massive placed to each other, which according toKurt Bruhn signifies "the many layers karma that way us down with their black colour representing timelessness like it is fortirthankars".[35] The ceiling of the mandapa and mahamandapa is ornate with the sculpture ofyakshaDharanendra at the centre.[2] IndologistKlaus Fisher describes the intricate artwork that embellishes the temple's ceiling as the most elaborate in all of Halebidu.[36]
The temple has aArdhamandapa ("half hall") and a Mahamandapa ("great hall") with a monolithic 18 feet (5.5 m) idol ofParshvanatha inKayotsarga posture. Sculptures ofyakshaDharanendra andyakshiPadmavati are present in themahamandapa.[21] This temple is the largest and considered the most architecturally significant in the basadi complex. Along with being rich in sculptures, the temple also features carvings of the life-scenes of Tirthankaras on the ceiling panel ofmukhamandapa.[37] There is a famous image of Padmavati with three hooded cobra over her head and with fruits in three hands and a weapon in fourth.[38] The temple also features niches for idols of the 24tirthankaras.[1]
Shantinatha Basadi orSantisvara basadi consist of agarbhagriha ("sanctum"),ardhamandapa,mahamandapa, large granite pillars with the inner sanctum consisting of a block stone 18 feet (5.5 m) image ofShantinatha, the sixteenth tirthankar. Themerloned structure is supported by a square pillared porch with granite pillars. Theadhisthana moldings are similar to Parsvanatha Basti.[22] A series of lathe-turned pillars supports the ceiling.[3]The previousMahamastakabhisheka was organized in January 2010.[17][39] The temple complex also includes a Brahmadeva pillar erected outside the temple.[40]
Adinatha Basadi is a small non-ornate temple consisting of garbhagriha,mandapa ("hall") with the image of theAdinatha and beautifully carved the Hindu goddessSaraswati.[23] The original idol of Adinatha was a stout figure inlotus position; However, kept in navaranga hall after it broke.[41] There is a statue of Jina equal in the height to the other two basadi.[35] The sanctum is bereft of superstructure.[4]
The basadi complex also includes a monolithic 18 feet tallmanasthamba and Hulikere Kalyani (reservoir).[42]
In 2019, the remains of Jain temple were found nearParshvanatha Basadi. In the excavated structure around ten sculptures were found, these sculptures have been moved to Halebid museum.[44] ASI started constructing a compound wall around the Jain complex but during construction few Jain sculptures were found along with the basement structure of another Jain temple. The sculptures were moved to the museum. However, the temple structure was damaged due to the use of heavy earthmoving machinery.[45] The remains of a 30 m × 20 m (98 ft × 66 ft) Jain temple built in the time of Hoysala dynasty was discovered near the Shantinatha Basadi during an excavation in 2021. Many artefacts and sculptures were discovered in the temple site.[46] A 2 feet (0.61 m) JainUpasaka sculpture was also discovered along with the temple remains.[47]
According to A. Aravazhi, assistant archeologist inArchaeological Survey of India, Halebidu has many Jain temples built during the reign of Hoysala empire underground.[48]
These Jain basadi complex is protected byArchaeological Survey of India.[49] A compound wall is being built around the temple structure found 2019, more than 1,000 sculptures have been found in this area, ASI is planning to build an open-air museum for display.[44] These idols include an idol of GoddessAmbika represented assalabhanjika with her child in one hand andamra-lumbi (mango tree branch) in other.[50]Department of tourism has issued Rs. 30 crores to faceliftBelur andHalebidu for improving religious tourism.[51] The Jain temples other than Parshvanatha Basadi, Shantinatha Basadi and Adinatha Basadi in Haledbidu are in a lesser state of preservation.[15]
Halebidu is also on the route followed by luxury tourist train -Golden Chariot.[52]
_at_Halebidu.JPG)
_at_Halebiu.JPG)
{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)See also :Jain temples in North America | |
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