Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Jacob Viner

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Canadian economist (1892–1970)
Jacob Viner
Born(1892-05-03)May 3, 1892
DiedSeptember 12, 1970(1970-09-12) (aged 78)
Academic background
Alma mater
Doctoral advisorF. W. Taussig
InfluencesFrank Knight
Academic work
DisciplineEconomics
School or traditionChicago school of economics
Institutions
Doctoral students
Notable ideas
Influenced

Jacob Viner[a] (3 May 1892 – 12 September 1970) was a Canadianeconomist and is considered withFrank Knight andHenry Simons to be one of the "inspiring" mentors of the earlyChicago school of economics in the 1930s: he was one of the leading figures of theChicago faculty.[4]Paul Samuelson named Viner (along withHarry Gunnison Brown,Allyn Abbott Young,Henry Ludwell Moore,Frank Knight,Wesley Clair Mitchell, andHenry Schultz) as one of the several "American saints ineconomics" born after 1860.[5] He was an important figure in the field of political economy.[6]

Early life

[edit]

Viner was born to aJewish family[7] on May 3, 1892, inMontreal,Quebec, toRomanian immigrant parents. He earned his undergraduate degree atMcGill University in 1914. He received aPhD atHarvard University, where he wrote his dissertation, under the trade economistF. W. Taussig.[8]

Academic career

[edit]
Part ofa series on the
Chicago school
of economics

Viner was a professor at theUniversity of Chicago from 1916 to 1917 and from 1919 to 1946. At various times, Viner also taught atStanford andYale Universities and twice at theGraduate Institute of International and Development Studies inGeneva,Switzerland.[9] In 1946 he left forPrinceton University, where he remained until his retirement, in 1960.[10][11] He was also a member of theInstitute for Advanced Study in Princeton from 1947 to 1948 and a permanent member there from 1950 to 1970.[12][11][13]Viner was elected to theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1934.[14] In 1942, he was elected to theAmerican Philosophical Society.[15]

Nobel laureateMilton Friedman studied under Viner while he was at theUniversity of Chicago.[16]

Viner died on September 12, 1970, inPrinceton,New Jersey.

Public service

[edit]

Viner played a role in government, most notably as an advisor toSecretary of the TreasuryHenry Morgenthau Jr. during the administration ofFranklin Roosevelt. DuringWorld War II, he served as co-rapporteur to the economic and financial group of theCouncil on Foreign Relations' "War and Peace Studies" project, along with Harvard economistAlvin Hansen.[17]

Work

[edit]

Economics

[edit]

Viner was a noted opponent ofJohn Maynard Keynes during theGreat Depression. While he agreed with the policies of government spending pushed by Keynes, Viner argued that Keynes's analysis was flawed and would not stand in the long run.

Known for his economic modeling of thefirm, including thelong- and the short-runcost curves, his work is still used today.[18]

Viner is further known for having added the termstrade creation andtrade diversion to the canon of economics in 1950. He also made important contributions to the theory of international trade and to the history of economic thought. While he was at Chicago, Viner co-edited theJournal of Political Economy withFrank Knight.

His work,Studies in the Theory of International Trade (1937), discusses thehistory of economic thought and is a historical source for theBullionist controversy in 19th-century Britain.[19]

Atomic bomb

[edit]

Viner spoke at the Conference on Atomic Energy Control in 1945, stating "that theatomic bomb was the cheapest way yet devised of killing human beings" and that atomic bombs "will be peacemaking in effect," perhaps making him the founder ofnuclear deterrence.[20]

Major publications

[edit]
  • "Some Problems of Logical Method in Political Economy", 1917,JPE
  • "Price Policies: the determination of market price", 1921.
  • Dumping: A problem in international trade, 1923.
  • Canada's Balance of International Indebtedness 1900–1913: An Inductive Study in the Theory of International Trade. Harvard economic studies,v. 26. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1924.hdl:2027/uc1.b3871317 – viaHathiTrust.
  • "The Utility Concept in Value Theory and its Critics", 1925,JPE.
  • Viner, Jacob (1927). "Adam Smith and Laissez-Faire".Journal of Political Economy.35 (2):198–232.doi:10.1086/253837.JSTOR 1823421.S2CID 154539413.
  • Frederick C. Mills; Jacob H. Hollander; Jacob Viner; E.B. Wilson; Wesley C. Mitchell;F.W. Taussig; T.S. Adams; John D. Black; John Candler Cobb (1928). "The Present Status and Future Prospects of Quantitative Economics".American Economic Review.18 (1):28–45.JSTOR 1811547.
  • "Mills' Behavior of Prices", 1929,QJE
  • "Costs Curves and Supply Curves,"Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie, 3, pp. 23–46. Reprinted in R. B. Emmett, ed. 2002,The Chicago Tradition in Economics, 1892–1945, Routledge, v. 6, pp.192–215.
  • "The Doctrine of Comparative Costs", 1932,WWA
  • "Inflation as a Possible Remedy for the Depression", 1933,Proceedings of Institute of Public Affairs, Univ. of Georgia
  • "Mr. Keynes on the Causes of Unemployment", 1936,QJE.
  • Studies in the Theory of International Trade. London: George Allen & Unwin. 1937 – viaInternet Archive.via Mises Institute
  • "The Short View and the Long in Economic Policy,"American Economic Review, 30(1), Part 1 1940, pp.1–15.
  • "Marshall's Economics, in Relation to the Man and to his Times", 1941,AER
  • Trade Relations Between Free-Market and Controlled Economies, 1943.
  • "International Relations between State-Controlled National Economies", 1944,AER.
  • "Prospects for Foreign Trade in the Post-War World", 1946,Manchester Statistical Society.
  • "Power Versus Plenty as Objectives of Foreign Policy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", 1948,World Politics
  • "Bentham and J.S. Mill: the Utilitarian Background", 1949,AER
  • The Customs Union Issue, 1950.
  • "A Modest Proposal for Some Stress on Scholarship in Graduate Training", 1950 (reprinted in 1991)
  • International Economics, 1951.
  • International Trade and Economic Development, 1952.
  • "Schumpeter's History of Economic Analysis,"American Economic Review, 44(5), 1954, pp.894–910.
  • "'Fashion' in Economic Thought", 1957,Report of 6th Conference of Princeton Graduate Alumni
  • "International Trade Theory and its Present-Day Relevance", 1955,Economics and Public Policy
  • The Long View and the Short: Studies in Economic Theory, 1958.
  • "Stability and Progress: the poorer countries' problem", 1958, in Hague, editor,Stability and Progress in the World Economy
  • Five Lectures on Economics and Freedom, 1959 (Wabash Lectures, publ. 1991)
  • "The Intellectual History of Laissez-Faire", 1960,J Law Econ
  • "Hayek on Freedom and Coercion; Reviewed Work: The Constitution of Liberty by F.A. Hayek".Southern Economic Journal.27 (3):230–236. 1960.JSTOR 1055089.
  • "Relative Abundance of the Factors and International Trade", 1962,Indian EJ
  • "The Necessary and Desirable Range of Discretion to be Allowed to a Monetary Authority", 1962, in Yeager, editor,In Search of a Monetary Constitution
  • "'Possessive Individualism' as Original Sin", 1963,Canadian J of Econ & Poli Sci"Possessive Individualism" as Original Sin
  • "The Earlier Letters of John Stuart Mill", 1963,Univ of Toronto Quarterly
  • "The Economist in History", 1963,American Economic Review, 53(2), pp.1–22
  • "The United States as a Welfare State", 1963, in Higgenbotham, editor,Man, Science, Learning and Education
  • Problems of Monetary Control, 1964.
  • "Comment on my 1936 Review of Keynes", 1964, in Lekachman, editor,Keynes's General Theory
  • "Introduction", in J. Rae,Life of Adam Smith, 1965.
  • "Adam Smith", 1968, in Sills, editor,International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
  • "Mercantilist Thought", 1968, in Sills, editor,International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
  • "Man's Economic Status", 1968, in Clifford, editor,Man Versus Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain.
  • "Satire and Economics in the Augustan Age of Satire", 1970, in Miller et al., editors,The Augustan Milieu
  • The Role of Providence in the Social Order, 1972.
  • Religious Thought and Economic Society: Four Chapters of an Unfinished Work by Jacob Viner, ed. by J. Melitz and D. Winch, History of Poli Econ., 1978.
  • Irwin, Douglas A., ed. (1991).Essays on the Intellectual History of Economics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.ISBN 978-0691042664.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Pronounced/ˈvnər/.

References

[edit]
  1. ^https://www.academia.edu/27755778/Jacob_Viner_on_Religion_and_Intellectual_History pp. 1, 6
  2. ^https://econjwatch.org/file_download/717/BeckerIPEL.pdf p. 286
  3. ^http://www2.ku.edu/~kuwpaper/2004Papers/200401Barnett.pdf p. 529
  4. ^Alan O. Ebenstein,Hayek's journey: the mind of Friedrich Hayek, Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, pp. 164–165
  5. ^Ryan, Christopher Keith (1985)."Harry Gunnison Brown: economist". Iowa State University. Retrieved7 January 2019.
  6. ^Cohen, Benjamin J. (2008).International Political Economy: An Intellectual History. Princeton University Press. p. 20.ISBN 978-0691135694.
  7. ^edited by Stephen Harlan Norwood, Eunice G. PollackEncyclopedia of American Jewish History, Volume 1 August 2007
  8. ^"Viner, Jacob".etcweb.princeton.edu. Archived fromthe original on 2017-11-01. Retrieved2019-09-02.
  9. ^"The Monetarists: The Making of the Chicago Monetary Tradition, 1927–1960 9780226823188, 9780226823195".dokumen.pub. Retrieved2025-10-23.
  10. ^"Jacon Viner". britannica. 2009. Retrieved2009-10-11.
  11. ^abLeitch, Alexander (1978)."Viner, Jacob". Princeton University Press. Archived fromthe original on 2017-11-01. Retrieved2009-10-11.
  12. ^"Jacob Viner". britannica. 2016. Retrieved2016-01-06.
  13. ^"A Community of Scholars: The Institute for Advanced Study Faculty and Members 1930–1980"(PDF). The Institute for Advanced Study. 1980. Retrieved2023-12-16.
  14. ^"Jacob Viner".American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 9 February 2023. Retrieved2023-04-18.
  15. ^"APS Member History".search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved2023-04-18.
  16. ^Friedman, Milton;Friedman, Rose D. (1998).Two Lucky People: Memoirs. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. p. 1 – viaInternet Archive.
  17. ^Michael Wala (1994).The Council on Foreign Relations and American Foreign Policy in the Early Cold War. Berghahn Books. p. 38.The rapporteurs of the Economic and Financial Group
  18. ^Viner, Jacob (1931). "Cost Curves and Supply Curves".Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie.3 (1):23–46.doi:10.1007/BF01316299.JSTOR 41792520.S2CID 153899081. Reprinted in R. B. Emmett, ed. 2002,The Chicago Tradition in Economics, 1892–1945, Routledge, v. 6, pp.192–215.
  19. ^Viner, Jacob (1937).Studies in the Theory of International Trade. London: George Allen & Unwin – via Online Library of Liberty.
  20. ^Rhodes, Richard (1986).The Making of the Atomic Bomb. Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. pp. 753 – viaInternet Archive.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Bloomfield, Arthur I. (1992). "On the Centenary of Jacob Viner's Birth: A Retrospective View of the Man and His Work".Journal of Economic Literature.30 (4):2052–2085.JSTOR 2727973.
  • Markwell, Donald (2008).John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace. Oxford University Press.

External links

[edit]
Professional and academic associations
Preceded by President of theAmerican Economic Association
1939
Succeeded by
Awards
Preceded by Francis A. Walker Medal
1962
Succeeded by
Founders
Monetarism
New economic history
New social economics
Public choice school
Law and economics
Business and finance
1886–1900
1901–1925
1926–1950
1951–1975
1976–2000
2001–present
International
National
Academics
People
Other
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Viner&oldid=1318322674"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp