Jacob Bigelow | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | February 27, 1787 |
| Died | January 10, 1879(1879-01-10) (aged 91) |
| Burial place | Mount Auburn Cemetery |
| Education |
|
| Known for | Architect ofMount Auburn Cemetery |
| Notable work | Florula Bostoniensis American Medical Botany |
| Children | Henry Jacob Bigelow |
| 8th President of theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences | |
| In office 1846–1863 | |
| Preceded by | John Pickering |
| Succeeded by | Asa Gray |
Jacob Bigelow (February 27, 1787[1] – January 10, 1879) was an American physician,botanist and botanical illustrator. He was architect ofMount Auburn Cemetery inCambridge, Massachusetts (in which he is interred), husband to Mary Scollay, and the father of physicianHenry Jacob Bigelow.The standardauthor abbreviationBigelow is used to indicate this person as the author whenciting abotanical name.[2]
Bigelow was born inSudbury, Massachusetts, on February 27, 1787 (other sources say 1786). He was the son of Jacob Bigelow, a Congregational minister, and Elizabeth (Wells) Bigelow. He enteredHarvard College at the age of sixteen, received an A.B. in 1806, and then attended medical lectures given byJohn Gorham at theBoston Latin School. In 1808 he left Boston to study medicine at theUniversity of Pennsylvania where he graduated in 1810 with a degree in medicine. While at the university, he also studied botany underBenjamin Barton.[3]
In 1811 Bigelow returned to Boston and established a successful medical practice that would make him one of the most respected local doctors for the next 60 years. In 1812 he delivered a series of botanical lectures and made a detailed survey of flora in the vicinity of Boston. He published his findings,Florula Bostoniensis, in 1814. Later, Bigelow expanded his botanic surveys into New Hampshire and Vermont. The results of this work were included in a second, expanded edition ofFlorula Bostoniensis (1824) which became a standard reference of New England flora for the next 25 years.[4]
Bigelow was appointed professor ofmateria medica at the Harvard Medical School in 1815 and held the post until 1855. His most important botanical work wasAmerican Medical Botany, which he authored and illustrated. Published in three volumes from 1817 to 1820, Bigelow developed an improved method of reproducing his illustrations using a new aqua-tint process.[5] In 1818, he was elected as a member to theAmerican Philosophical Society.[6] He was also an important contributor to the first American pharmacopoeia in 1820.[5]
Bigelow became interested in mechanics and was appointed Rumford Professor at Harvard College, teaching applied science from 1816 to 1827. He is credited with promoting the word "technology"[7] and in 1829 he published a treatise on mechanics and non-biological sciences,Elements of Technology.[5] In addition, wrote on medical topics and on education, and played a major role in the establishment and design of Mt. Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge. He was a member of theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences for 67 years and served as president of the organization from 1847 to 1863.
Bigelow came up with the idea for Mount Auburn Cemetery as early as 1825, though a site was not acquired until five years later.[8] Bigelow was concerned about the unhealthiness of burials under churches as well as the possibility of running out of space.[9] With help from theMassachusetts Horticultural Society, Mount Auburn Cemetery was founded on 70 acres (280,000 m2) of land authorized by the Massachusetts Legislature for use as a garden orrural cemetery.[10] It was dedicated in 1831 byJoseph Story, first president of the Mount Auburn Association.[11]
Bigelow died on January 10, 1879, and was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery.
Bigelow came to prominence also by challenging the effectiveness of the therapeutics of the day. HisDiscourse on Self-Limited Diseases in which he attacked physicians' blind allegiance to drugs and medical intervention that were embodied inheroic medicine practice. To establish support, Bigelow wrote on how the outcomes among treated and untreated patients were similar, regarding the use of heroic therapies. Interventions had little effect. Bigelow's deprecations helped form a new conceptual nucleus around which medical orthodoxy could begin to redefine itself. (Paul Starr:Transformations in American Medicine)
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| Artists | |
| People | |
| Other | |
