Amongst his three titles, Stewart twice finished as runner-up over his nine seasons in Formula One. He was the only British driver with three championships untilLewis Hamilton equalled him in2015. Outside of Formula One, he narrowly missed out on a win at his first attempt at theIndianapolis 500 in 1966 and competed in theCan-Am series in 1970 and 1971. Between 1997 and 1999, in partnership with his son,Paul, he was team principal of theStewart Grand Prix F1 racing team. After retiring from racing, Stewart was anABC network television sports commentator for both auto racing, covering the Indianapolis 500 for over a decade, and for several summer Olympics covering many events, being a distinctive presence with his pronounced Scottish accent. Stewart also served as a television commercial spokesman for both theFord Motor Company andHeineken beer.
Stewart was instrumental in improving the safety of motor racing, campaigning for better medical facilities and track improvements at motor racing circuits. AfterJohn Surtees's death in 2017, he is the last surviving Formula One World Champion from the 1960s. He is also the oldest living Grand Prix winner.
Stewart attended Hartfield primary school in the nearby town ofDumbarton, and moved toDumbarton Academy at the age of 12. He experienced learning difficulties owing to undiagnoseddyslexia, and due to the condition not being understood or even widely known at the time, he was regularly berated and humiliated by teachers and peers alike for being "dumb" and "thick".[2] Stewart was unable to continue his secondary education past the age of 16, and began working in his father's garage as an apprentice mechanic. He was not actually diagnosed with dyslexia until 1980, when his oldest son Mark was diagnosed with the condition. On learning that dyslexia can be genetically passed on, and seeing very similar symptoms with his son that he had experienced himself as a child, Stewart asked if he could be tested, and was diagnosed with the disorder, by which time he was 41 years old.[3] He has said: "When you've got dyslexia and you find something you're good at, you put more into it than anyone else; you can't think the way of the clever folk, so you're always thinking out of the box."[4]
At the age of 13, Stewart won a clay pigeon shooting competition and then went on to become a prize-winning member of the Scottish shooting team, competing in the United Kingdom and abroad. He won the British, Irish, Welsh and Scottishskeet shooting championships and twice won the "Coupe de Nations" European championship. He competed for a place in the Britishtrap shooting team for the1960 Summer Olympics, but finished third behindJoe Wheater and Brett Huthart.[2]
Stewart's first car was a light greenAustin A30 with "real leather [covered] seats" which he purchased shortly before his seventeenth birthday for £375, a detail he was able to recall for an interviewer sixty years later. He had saved up the purchase price from tips received from his job at the family garage.[5] He took up an offer from Barry Filer, a customer of the family business, to test in a number of his cars atOulton Park. For 1961, Filer provided aMarcos, in which Stewart scored four wins, and competed once in Filer'sAstonDB4GT. In 1962, to help decide if he was ready to become a professional driver, he tested aJaguar E-type at Oulton Park, matchingRoy Salvadori's times in a similar car the year before.[6] He won two races, his first in England, in the E-type, andDavid Murray ofEcurie Ecosse offered him a ride in theTojeiro EE Mk2, and theirCooper T49, in which he won atGoodwood. For 1963, he earned fourteen wins, a second, and two-thirds, with six retirements.[6]
In 1964, Stewart again signed with Ecurie Ecosse.Ken Tyrrell, then running theFormula Junior team for theCooper Car Company, heard of the young Scotsman from Goodwood's track manager and called upJimmy Stewart to see if his younger brother was interested in a tryout.[6] Stewart came down for the test at Goodwood, taking over a new, and very competitive,Formula Three T72-BMC whichBruce McLaren was testing.[6] Soon, Stewart was bettering McLaren's times, causing McLaren to return to the track for some quicker laps. Again, Stewart was quicker, and Tyrrell offered Stewart a spot on the team.[2]
In1964, Stewart drove inFormula Three (F3) for Tyrrell. His debut, in the wet atSnetterton on 15 March, was dominant; he took a 25-second lead in just two laps before coasting home to a win by 44 seconds.[6] Within days, he was offered aF1 ride with Cooper but declined, preferring to gain experience under Tyrrell; he failed to win just two races (one to clutch failure, one to a spin) in becoming F3 champion.[6] After runningJohn Coombs' E-type and practising in aFerrari atLe Mans, Stewart took a trial in an F1Lotus 33-Climax, in which he impressedColin Chapman andJim Clark.[6] Stewart again refused a ride in F1 but went instead to the LotusFormula Two (F2) team. In his F2 debut, he was second at the difficultCircuit Clermont-Ferrand in aLotus 32-Cosworth.[6]
While Stewart signed withBRM alongsideGraham Hill in1965, a contract which netted him £4,000, his first race in an F1 car was for Lotus, as stand-in for an injured Jim Clark, at the non-championshipRand Grand Prix in December 1964; after qualifying in pole position the Lotus broke in the first heat, but he won the second and claimed fastest lap.[6] On his World Championship F1 debut inSouth Africa, he finished sixth. His first major competition victory came in theBRDC International Trophy in the late spring, and before the end of the year he won his first World Championship race atMonza, fighting wheel-to-wheel with teammate Hill's P261.[6] Stewart finished his rookie season with a win, three seconds, a third, a fifth, and a sixth, and third place in the World Drivers' Championship. He also piloted Tyrrell's unsuccessful F2 Cooper T75-BRM, and drove theRover Company's revolutionary turbine car at the24 Hours of Le Mans alongsideGraham Hill.
At the start of the1966 season, Stewart won theTasman Series from his BRM teammate Graham Hill in two-litre BRMs and also raced closely with his great rival and friend Jim Clark who was somewhat disadvantaged by an unreliableLotus 39 which was let down by its old 2.5-litre Climax engine. In F1, after his promising start the previous year, 1966 was a poor year for Stewart; the 3-litre H16 BRMs were unreliable, although Stewart did win theMonaco Grand Prix in a 2-litre engined car. The most significant event in that year was his accident at theBelgian Grand Prix atSpa-Francorchamps, which sparked his campaign to improve safety in F1 and caused him to miss theFrench Grand Prix atReims.
Stewart had some success in other forms of racing during the year, winning the1966 Rothmans 12 Hour International Sports Car Race and almost winning theIndianapolis 500 on his first attempt, inJohn Mecom'sLola T90-Ford,[7] only to be denied by a brokenscavenge pump while leading by over a lap with eight laps to go. However, Stewart's performance, having had the race fully in hand, sidelined only by mechanical failure, won himRookie of the Year honours despite the winner,Graham Hill, also being an Indianapolis rookie.[8] Stewart appeared at 24 Hours of Le Mans test day on 3 April 1966 driving a Ford GT40 Mk II version ofHolman & Moody and the Ford GT40 owned byAlan Mann Racing.
BRM's fortunes did not improve in1967 despite closely contesting theTasman Series with Jim Clark, who probably raced closer and harder with him than at any time in their careers. While Clark usually won, Stewart won a victory in theNew Zealand Grand Prix with Clark attempting to run him down in the last laps with bodywork flying off his Lotus. In F1, the BRMs were still struggling with reliability problems and Stewart came no higher than second, at Spa, while having to drive one-handed while holding the car in gear with the other. In F2 he won events atKarlskoga,Enna, Oulton Park, andAlbi in a Tyrrell-enteredMatra MS5 orMS7.[7] He also placed 2nd driving a works-enteredFerrari driving withChris Amon at the BOAC 6 Hours atBrands Hatch, the 10th round ofWorld Sportscar Championship at the time. Stewart also attempted to run the1967 National 500NASCAR race but did not qualify for the race.
For1968, Stewart switched to Tyrrell'sMatra International team, where he drove aMatra MS10-Cosworth.[7] He took a prominent role in the management of the team, negotiating with team sponsorFrançois Guiter for additional funding and leading presentations to engine and tyre suppliersFord andGoodyear.Mark Hughes described him as "a different sort of F1 driver to any that had been seen before."[9]
After a promising start in South Africa with theMatra MS9development mule he missedJarama andMonaco due to an F2 injury at Jarama[7] and his first win of the season was in heavy rain atZandvoort. Another win in rain and fog at theNürburgring followed, where he won by a margin of four minutes. He also won atWatkins Glen but his car failed atMexico City, and so he lost the drivers' title to Hill.
In1969, driving theMatra MS80-Cosworth, Stewart had a number of races where he completely dominated the opposition, such as winning by over two laps atMontjuïc, a minute in front atClemont-Ferrand and by more than a lap atSilverstone. With additional wins atKyalami,Zandvoort, andMonza, Stewart becameworld champion. Until2005 he was the only driver to have won the championship in a car built by a French constructor and remains the only driver to win the world championship in a car built in France[10] as well as in a car entered by aprivateer team. Also that year, Stewart led at least one lap of every World Championship Grand Prix, and remains the only driver to achieve this feat.
For1970, Matra insisted on using their ownV12 engines, while Tyrrell and Stewart wanted to continue with the Cosworth and maintain their connection toFord, which conflicted with Matra's recent connections toChrysler. Tyrrell decided to build his own car and in the interim bought a chassis fromMarch Engineering; Stewart took theMarch 701-Cosworth[7] to wins at theDaily Mail Race of Champions and Jarama, but development on the car stalled and it was soon overcome by the Lotus team's new72. The newTyrrell 001-Cosworth, appeared in August[7] and suffered problems but showed promise. Tyrrell continued to be sponsored by French fuel companyElf, and Stewart raced in a car paintedFrench Racing Blue for many years. Stewart also continued to race sporadically in F2, winning atCrystal Palace and placing atThruxton. A projected Le Mans appearance, to co-drive the 4.5 litrePorsche917K withSteve McQueen, did not come off, due to McQueen's inability to get insurance.[7] He also had a one-off race in Can-Am, in therevolutionaryChaparral 2J. Stewart qualified third, in what was the car's first outing, but brake failure ended his race.[7]
Stewart went on to win the F1 World Championship in1971 using theTyrrell 003-Cosworth, winningSpain,Monaco,France,Britain,Germany, andCanada. He also did a full season in Can-Am, driving aCarl Haas sponsoredLola T260-Chevrolet.[7] During the 1971 season, Stewart was the only driver able to challenge the McLarens driven byDenny Hulme andPeter Revson. Stewart won two races, at Mont Tremblant and Mid Ohio, and finished 3rd in the championship. The stress of racing year round and on several continents eventually caused medical problems for Stewart. He won the 1971 world championship despite havingmononucleosis and crossing theAtlantic Ocean 186 times due to media commitments in the United States.[11] During the1972 season, he missed theBelgian Grand Prix atNivelles due togastritis, and had to cancel plans to drive a Can-Am McLaren; he won the Argentine, French, U.S., and Canadian Grands Prix to come second toEmerson Fittipaldi in the drivers' standings. Stewart also competed in aFord Capri RS2600 in theEuropean Touring Car Championship, with F1 teammateFrançois Cevert and other F1 pilots, at a time when the competition between Ford andBMW was at a height. Their best result was at the 6 Hours of Paul Ricard, finishing second. In 1972 Stewart also received theOBE.
Entering the1973 season, Stewart had decided to retire. In 2023, Stewart revealed on theBeyond the Grid podcast: "It was at Indianapolis and I was getting depressed by the pace of my life, the limit of being at home, I had two little boys and of course Helen. I had been doing enormous travel, in the days we speak of and my day as a racing driver, we don't make the money that is made today and to make proper money you had to do a lot of races. It wasn't just the question of Formula 1, nobody did Formula 1 so I was doing Can-Am, was doing Indianapolis, Touring Cars, GT Cars, everything you can think of on a global basis and most of my friends was dying as it went along. In fact Helen my wife counted 57 friends that had died that holidayed with, travelled with and of course raced with. I think it all got on top of me and I had mononucleosis one year (1971) and had gastritis that burst and thought why am I doing this to this extent. I had made good money." He nevertheless won at South Africa, Belgium, Monaco, and the Netherlands. His last and then record-setting 27th victory came at theNürburgring with a 1–2 for Tyrrell. He recalled: "Nothing gave me more satisfaction than to win at the Nürburgring and yet I was always afraid. When I left home for the German Grand Prix I always used to pause at the end of the driveway and take a long look back. I was never sure I'd come home again." After the fatal crash of his teammateFrançois Cevert in practice for the1973 United States Grand Prix atWatkins Glen, Stewart retired one race earlier than intended and missed what would have been his 100th Grand Prix. Stewart had already won the Drivers' Championship at theItalian Grand Prix two races previously; this was a race where Stewart had to come into the pits to change a flat tyre, and drove from 20th to finish 4th.
Stewart held the record for most wins by a F1 driver (27) for 14 years untilAlain Prost won the1987 Portuguese Grand Prix, and the record for most wins by a British F1 driver for 19 years untilNigel Mansell won the1992 British Grand Prix. In his commentary work for race broadcasterChannel 9 during qualifying for the1988 Australian Grand Prix, Stewart said that he had been asked numerous times if he was unhappy about losing his record to Prost, going on to say that he was happy that his record had been taken by someone of the calibre of Prost, as he believed him to be the best driver in F1.[12] Until2015, Stewart was the only British driver to win three championships; this record was broken by future seven-time World ChampionLewis Hamilton.[13][14][15] WhenJohn Surtees died in March 2017, Stewart became the last surviving F1 World Champion from the 1960s.[16] He also became the oldest living F1 winner upon the death in 2022 of six-time race winnerTony Brooks, who raced during the 1950s.[17][18]
AtSpa-Francorchamps in1966, Stewart ran off the track while driving at 165 mph (266 km/h) in heavy rain, and crashed into a telephone pole and a shed before coming to rest in a farmer's outbuilding. His steering column pinned his leg, while ruptured fuel tanks emptied their contents into the cockpit. There were no track crews to extricate him, nor were proper tools available. Stewart was rescued by fellow driversGraham Hill andBob Bondurant, who had also crashed nearby. There were no doctors or medical facilities at the track, and Stewart was put in the bed of a pickup truck, remaining there until an ambulance arrived. He was first taken to the track's first aid centre, where he waited on a stretcher, which was placed on a floor strewn with cigarette ends and other rubbish. Finally, another ambulance crew picked him up, but the ambulance driver got lost driving to a hospital inLiège.[19] Ultimately, a private jet flew Stewart back to the UK for treatment. After his crash at Spa, Stewart became an outspoken advocate for auto racing safety. Later, he explained: "If I have any legacy to leave the sport I hope it will be seen to be an area of safety because when I arrived in Grand Prix racing so-called precautions and safety measures were diabolical."[20]
Stewart campaigned withLouis Stanley (BRM team director) for improved emergency services and better safety barriers around race tracks. He said: "We were racing at circuits where there were no crash barriers in front of the pits, and fuel was lying about in churns in the pit lane. A car could easily crash into the pits at any time. It was ridiculous."[21] As a stop-gap measure, Stewart hired a private doctor to be at all his races, and taped aspanner to the steering shaft of his BRM in case it would be needed again. Stewart pressed for mandatory seat belt usage and full-face helmets for drivers, which have become unthinkable omissions for modern races. Likewise, he pressed track owners to modernize their tracks, including organizing driver boycotts of races at Spa-Francorchamps in 1969, the Nürburgring in 1970 being joined by his close friendJochen Rindt, and Zandvoort in 1972 until barriers, run-off areas, fire crews, and medical facilities were improved. Some drivers and press members believed the safety improvements for which Stewart advocated detracted from the sport, while track owners and race organizers baulked at the extra costs. Stewart later said: "I would have been a much more popular World Champion if I had always said what people wanted to hear. I might have been dead, but definitely more popular."[22]
This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(June 2008)
In 1964, Stewart embarked on a noteworthy partnership with theFord Motor Company. This collaboration extended over a period of 25 years and significantly impacted both Stewart's career and the automotive industry.
As part of thispartnership, Stewart took on the role of a consultant for Ford. His responsibilities included training Ford's engineers to recognize and address areas for improvement in vehicle development. Drawing from his extensive racing experience, Stewart provided valuable insights into various aspects of automobile design and safety. His firsthand knowledge of high-performance vehicles and the unique challenges faced on the racetrack proved crucial in guiding Ford's efforts to enhance their cars.
Through this collaboration, Stewart not only helped advance the safety and performance standards ofFord's vehicles but also reinforced his commitment to improving automotive technology and innovation. His influence contributed to the development of more advanced and safer cars, reflecting a shared dedication to progress in both racing and everyday automotive use.[23]
In 2023, Stewart revealed on the Beyond the Grid Podcast "I was doing ABC's Wide World of Sports because I was reasonably good at it, I got to know how to do it by a man called Jim McKay who is the best commentator of sport in the world whether it was the Olympics or all sorts of different sports. I would go to Atlanta, Georgia to do a Stock Car race and we would be telecasting it not live, it would be for the following week or week after that. I would fly in Concorde more often than anything else and fly into the location was of a race, ABC had all the things organised so I would have a helicopter to get me out of the track and get me back into the night flight, I would never take Concorde on the evening flight because it was slower sleeping on a plane than on a 747 but I would always use Concorde from the UK or Switzerland to the United States. I had it very well organised."
Stewart was often critical of driver safety in his broadcasts especially of driver negligence with fireproof clothes. In the1977 Daytona 500, Bobby Wawak got burned after his car caught fire, Stewart said: "The drivers themselves are negligent, drivers should always wear flame resistant underwear and thermal underwear. The accident we seen today is just typical if you're not properly protected." Stewart also revealed there was tension between him and ABC Sports producerRoone Arledge as Stewart was doing commercials forFord Motor Company as well and several of the commercials aired onWide World of Sports which he was a regular commentator there and that led him to leaving ABC in 1986. Stewart revealed in his book that "Wide World of Sports began to lose its soul when ABC first merged withESPN and then withCapital Cities, prompting severe headcount cuts and reduced budgets." Later, Stewart coveredCART-sanctionedIndy car races starting atLong Beach in 1987 onNBC SportsWorld, along with Paul Page. He returned in 1988, along with Charlie Jones. Stewart only covered road course and street races in his brief time at NBC. He did not return in 1989 and was replaced byJohnny Rutherford andTom Sneva.
In 1997, Stewart returned to Formula One, withStewart Grand Prix, as a team owner in partnership with his son, Paul.[24] The team was a development of the previousPaul Stewart Racing team that had previously competed in lower formulae. As the worksFord team, their first race was the 1997Australian Grand Prix. The only success of their first year came at the rain-affectedMonaco Grand Prix whereRubens Barrichello finished second. The following year, 1998, was less competitive, with no podiums and few points.
After Ford acquiredCosworth in July 1998, the team risked designing and building a new engine for 1999. The SF3 was consistently competitive throughout the season. The team won one race at theEuropean Grand Prix at theNürburgring withJohnny Herbert, while Barrichello took three third places, pole in France, and briefly led his home race atInterlagos. The team was later bought by Ford and becameJaguar Racing in 2000 (which subsequently becameRed Bull Racing in 2005). Stewart is also the head sports consultant/patron for theRoyal Bank of Scotland. In March 2009, he waived his fee for the year in response to the bank losing £24bn in 2008.[25]
Stewart was a subject of the television programmeThis Is Your Life in January 1970 where he was surprised byEamonn Andrews atThames Television's Euston Road Studios. In the1971 Birthday Honours Stewart was created an Officer of theOrder of the British Empire (OBE).[30] In 2001, he received aknighthood. In both cases, the honour was for services to motor racing.[31][32] In 2002, he became a founding patron of theScottish Sports Hall of Fame and an inaugural inductee. In 2003 the World Forum on the Future of Sport Shooting Activities presented Stewart the Sport Shooting Ambassador Award.[33] The Award goes to an outstanding individual whose efforts have promoted the shooting sports internationally.[33] On 27 November 2008, Stewart was awarded an honoraryDoctor of Science (D.Sc.) degree from theUniversity of St Andrews.[34]
On 26 June 2009, Stewart was awarded the Freedom of West Dunbartonshire at a special ceremony in his hometown of Dumbarton. In 2010, Stewart was named as a founding member ofMotor Sport magazine's Hall of Fame. On 28 January 2012, Stewart gave the starting command for the 50th Anniversary of the Rolex 24 at Daytona.[35] He assumed the role after previously announced Grand MarshalA. J. Foyt was forced to cancel his visit due to complications from his recent knee surgery.[35][36] In 2020, the British magazineThe Economist ranked champion drivers by the relative importance of car quality to driver skill. According to this ranking, Stewart was the 4th best driver of all time, behindJuan Manuel Fangio,Jim Clark, andAlain Prost.[37] Objectivemathematical models,[38][39] such as Eichenberger and Stadelmann (2009, 4th), original F1metrics (2014, 2nd),[40] Bellet al. (2015, 4th),FiveThirtyEight (2018, 20th), and updated F1metrics (2019, 2nd), put Stewart consistenly among the greatest Formula One drivers ever.[41][42][43]
Stewart appears in the 1966 John Frankenheimer movieGrand Prix doing all the driving scenes for actorBrian Bedford, who played Scott Stoddard, as Bedford did not know how to drive. Stewart was the subject in the 1972Roman Polanski-produced filmWeekend of a Champion, in which Polanski shadows him throughout a race weekend at the1971 Monaco Grand Prix.[28] He appeared in an anachronistic cameo in a 1977 episode ofLupin III as a competitor in the1977 Monaco Grand Prix. In 1979,George Harrison, a good friend of Stewart's, released a single titled like Stewart's book, "Faster", as a tribute to Stewart,Niki Lauda,Ronnie Peterson who was killed in 1978, and to otherFormula One race car drivers.[44] In the video, Stewart acted as Harrison's limousine chauffeur, wearing a cap with his trademark tartan.
He appeared as a spokesman, with his son Mark, in a 1983 commercial for theVectrexgame console.[45] Stewart also wrote the foreword for the bookThe Centenary of the Car 1885–1985 by Andrew Whyte in 1984. He participated inPrince Edward's 1987 charity television special,The Grand Knockout Tournament.
Stewart featured in a special presentation video of the then all newFord Mondeo in 1993, the video was given away free on the front cover ofWhat Car? magazine in 1993. He was featured in the video to the 2000 song "Supreme" by British singer,Robbie Williams. Stewart appeared in several UPS commercials in 2002 and 2003 as a consultant forDale Jarrett to convince Jarrett to "race the Big Brown truck". He also once appeared on the UK motoring programTop Gear as a driving instructor for hostJames May.[citation needed] He is also interviewed in some depth inMartin Scorsese's 2011 documentary biography of Harrison,George Harrison: Living in the Material World. 2018 saw the 50th anniversary of the relationship between Stewart and luxury watch brandRolex.[46] In 2018, he Stewart appeared in US commercials forHeineken beer, in which he refused an offered beer saying "I'm still driving" before driving away in aJaguar F-Type.[citation needed]
Stewart has been married to his childhood sweetheart Helen McGregor since 1962, and they have two sons:Paul and Mark.[48] Paul is a former racing driver, who later ran Paul Stewart Racing with his father, before selling it in 1999. Mark is a film and television producer. Between 1969 and 1997 the couple lived inBegnins, near Lake Geneva in Switzerland, and later sold the house toPhil Collins.
Stewart dictated hisautobiography titledWinning Is Not Enough due to hisdyslexia.[49] In a 2009 interview, and in the book, he discusses his close relationship with his older brotherJimmy, who was also a successful racing driver in his youth but had suffered from alcoholism for many years, and died in 2008.[50] In 2014 Helen McGregor Stewart was diagnosed withfrontotemporal dementia.
In 2018, Stewart set up the charity Race Against Dementia. By that time Helen had limited short-term memory and impaired mobility, and required round-the-clock care. Stewart believes that the application of Formula 1's technology and out-of-the box thinking could bring about earlier solutions to society coping with-dementia.[51] By 2025 Helen's "horrendous" behaviour and language changes had become even worse, and she did not recognise Jackie when sitting beside him. Stewart's charity Race Against Dementia was funding development of a blood test hoped to detect non-genetic frontotemporal dementia 10 to 20 years before it is otherwise diagnosed.[52]
^abUp until1990, not all points scored by a driver contributed to their final World Championship tally (seelist of points scoring systems for more information). Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.[55]
^Stewart won his maiden World Drivers' Championship withMatra International—aprivateer team using aMatra chassis—in1969, who later becameTyrrell Racing Organisation. As of2024, this title remains the only championship won with a privateer team.
^Kettlewell, Mike, "Stewart: The Flying Scot", in Ward, Ian, executive editor.World of Automobiles (London: Orbis Publishing, 1974), Volume 19, p. 2190.
^abcStewart, Jackie (2007).The Autobiography Jackie Stewart Winning Is Not Enough. London: Headline Publishing Group.ISBN978-0-7553-1537-6.
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