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| Formation | March 26, 1956; 69 years ago (1956-03-26)[1] |
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| Headquarters | Dubna, Russia |
| Coordinates | 56°44′47″N37°11′22″E / 56.74639°N 37.18944°E /56.74639; 37.18944 |
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Official languages | English andRussian |
Director General | Grigory Trubnikov [ru] |
| Website | www |
| Science withneutrons |
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| Foundations |
| Neutron scattering |
| Other applications |
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| Infrastructure |
| Neutron facilities |
TheJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR,Russian:Объединённый институт ядерных исследований, ОИЯИ), inDubna,Moscow Oblast (110 km north of Moscow), Russia, is an international research center fornuclear sciences, with 5,500 staff members including 1,200researchers holding over 1,000Ph.D.s from eighteen countries. Most scientists arescientists of the Russian Federation.
The institute has seven laboratories, each with its own specialisation:theoretical physics,high energy physics (particle physics),heavy ion physics, condensed matter physics, nuclear reactions,neutron physics, andinformation technology. The institute has a division to study radiation andradiobiological research and other ad hoc experimental physics experiments.
Principal research instruments include a nuclotron superconductiveparticle accelerator (particleenergy: 7GeV), three isochronous cyclotrons (120, 145, 650 MeV), a phasitron (680 MeV) and asynchrophasotron (4 GeV). The site has aneutron fast-pulsereactor (1,500MW pulse) with nineteen associated instruments receiving neutron beams.
The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research was established on the basis of an agreement signed on 26 March 1956, in Moscow by representatives of the governments of the eleven founding countries, with a view to combining their scientific and material potential. The USSR contributed 50 percent, the People's Republic of China 20 percent. In February 1957, the JINR was registered by theUnited Nations. The institute is located inDubna, 120 km north of Moscow.
At the time of the creation of JINR, the Institute of Nuclear Problems (INP) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR already existed at the site of the future Dubna since the late 1940s, and it launched a program of fundamental and applied research at thesynchrocyclotron. The Electrophysics Laboratory of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (EFLAN) was established, and under the guidance of AcademicianVladimir Veksler, work began to create a new accelerator – a proton synchrophasotron – with a record energy of 10 GeV at that time.
By the mid-1950s, there was a worldwide consensus that nuclear science should be accessible and that only broad cooperation could ensure the progressive development of this research, as well as the peaceful use of atomic energy. Thus, in 1954, nearGeneva,CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) was established. At about the same time, the countries that belonged to the socialist community decided to establish a Joint Institute for Nuclear Research on the basis of the INP and EFLAN.
The first director of the United Institute was ProfessorD. I. Blokhintsev, who just completed the creation ofObninsk Nuclear Power Plant the world's first nuclear power plant inObninsk. The first vice-directors of JINR were professorsMarian Danysz (Poland) and V. Votruba (Czechoslovakia).
The history of the formation of the JINR is associated with the names of prominent scientists and Professors. The following list provides some of the names of prominent scientists.
The JINR cooperates with many organizations. One of the main organizations with which JINR cooperates isUNESCO. Its collaboration with JINR started in 1997 in order to develop basic sciences and try to achieve sustainable development. Joint activities include training programmes and grant mechanisms for researchers in the basic science. This international scientific cooperation and knowledge sharing in key scientific fields is one of the main 2030 UNESCO goals, the achievement of Sustainable Development.[4]
The United Nations General Assembly and UNESCO General Conference named 2019 as The International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements (IYPTE 2019). This reinforced the cooperation between these two organizations.[4] JINR was one of the observers of European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) from 2014 till 25 March 2022.[5]
As of 1 January 2023, 13 JINR state members are active and three suspended:[6]
Associate members are:
Scientific collaboration with organizations including:
Former members: In December 2022 theCzech Republic,[13]Poland[14] andUkraine[15] terminated their membership andBulgaria andSlovakia suspended their participation in JINR.[16] TheDemocratic People's Republic of Korea was one of the founding states in 1956. It has been suspended from participating in JINR since 2015.[17]
The main fields of the institute's research are:
The JINR possess eight laboratories and University Centre.
| Name | Realm of Physics | Facilities | Notes |
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| University Centre (UC) | Academic Environment | ||
| Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics (BLTP) | Theoretical physics | ||
| Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics (VBLHE) | High Energy Physics | Nuclotron,Synchrophasotron,NICA | Nuclotron is the firstsuperconductivesynchrotron in World with particle energy up to 7GeV.Synchrophasotron has particle energy of 4GeV. NICA is associated withNuclotron experiment |
| Laboratory of Particle Physics (LPP) | Particle Physics | ||
| Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems (DLNP) | Nuclear physics | Synchrocyclotron | Synchrocyclotron with the energy 680 MeV and with the intensity of extracted beam 2.5mkA.[18] In addition it is used for Radiation therapy |
| Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR) | Nuclear physics | U400, U400M, IC100Cyclotron and MT-25microtron[19] | The laboratory producing newelements |
| Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP) | Nuclear physics | IBR-2 [ru], IREN | IBR-2 [ru] high-flux pulsedFast-neutron reactor and together with IREN Facility are main Neutron source[20] |
| Laboratory of Information Technologies (LIT) | Theoretical physics | HybriLIT | Provision with the network, computing and information resources as well as mathematical support of experimental and theoretical studies |
| Laboratory of Radiation Biology (LRB) | Radiation therapy,Radiobiology |
The Superheavy Element Factory (SHE factory) at the JINR, opened in 2019, is a new experimental complex dedicated tosuperheavy element research. Its facilities enable a tenfold increase in beam intensity; such an increase in sensitivity enables the study of reactions with lowercross sections that would otherwise be inaccessible. Sergey Dmitriev, director of the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, believes that the SHE factory will enable closer examination of nuclei near the limits of stability, as well as experiments aimed at the synthesis of elements119 and120.[21][22]
More than 40 major achievements in particle physics have been made through experiments at JINR, including:
JINR has instituted awards to honour and encourage high-level research in the fields of physics and mathematics since 1961.
The first award was dedicated toWang Ganchang, deputy director from 1958 to 1960 and the Soviet ProfessorVladimir Veksler for the discovery ofantisigma-minus hyperon.[30][clarification needed]
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