Vance was born James Donald Bowman on August 2, 1984, inMiddletown, Ohio,[2][3] where he was also raised.[4] His mother is Beverly Carol Aikins (née Vance), and his father was Donald Ray Bowman;[5] they divorced when he was a toddler.[3] Vance wrote in his bookHillbilly Elegy that he was of Scots-Irish descent.[6][7] He grew up in anAppalachian American culture, spending summers with relatives inJackson, Kentucky.[8][9][6]
After he was adopted by his mother's third husband, Bob Hamel, his mother changed his name toJames David Hamel to remove his biological father's first name and surname and to use an uncle's first name, David. Vance therefore kept his first name and his nickname, JD. His surname eventually changed to her maiden name after her parents became his caretakers.[10][11][12]
Vance has written that his childhood was marked by poverty and abuse, and that his mother struggled withdrug addiction.[13] He and his elder sister, Lindsay, were raised primarily by their maternal grandparents, James and Bonnie Vance (née Blanton), whom they called "Papaw" and "Mamaw".[14][10]
In 2007, Vance left the military and used theG.I. Bill[19][20] to study at Ohio State University.[21] He graduated in 2009 with a Bachelor of Artssumma cum laude in political science and philosophy.[22] In 2010, Vance entered Yale Law School,[23] where he worked with a group of editors to check citations forThe Yale Law Journal.[24] At Yale Law School, he befriended fellow Ohio native and future Republican politicianVivek Ramaswamy.[25][26] During his first year, ProfessorAmy Chua persuaded Vance to begin writing his memoir,Hillbilly Elegy.[7][27]
Vance also initiated a rapport withPeter Thiel after attending his 2011 talk at Yale.[24] In 2010–2011, Vance wrote forDavid Frum's "FrumForum" website under the name J. D. Hamel.[28][29] AlthoughHillbilly Elegy states that he adopted his grandparents' surname of Vance upon his marriage in 2014,[7][30] the name change actually occurred in April 2013, as he was about to graduate from Yale.[1][24] Vance obtained his Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in May 2013.[31]
In June 2016,Harper published Vance's book,Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis.[7] The memoir recounts theAppalachian culture and socioeconomic problems of Vance's upbringing.[37]Hillbilly Elegy was onThe New York Times Best Seller list in2016 and2017. TheTimes listed it among "6 Books to Help Understand Trump's Win",[38] and Vance was profiled inThe Washington Post, which called him "the voice of theRust Belt".[39] InThe New Republic, Sarah Jones criticized Vance as "liberal media's favoritewhite trash–splainer" and a "false prophet ofblue America", calling the book "little more than a list of myths aboutwelfare queens".[40]Hillbilly Elegy's success helped propel Vance into contact with social elites, and he began writing a column forThe New York Times. Vance later said that his interactions with social elites from this time, particularly their perceived disdain for "the people he grew up with", helped shape his later views.[41]
Vance worked at a biotech company named Circuit Therapeutics from 2015 to 2017. Its chairman,Frederic Moll, said he hired Vance for his intelligence, legal qualifications, and connection to Thiel.[42][43] Vance tried to getMithril Capital to invest in Circuit but Mithril passed. Colin Greenspon, then managing director at Mithril, liked Vance and got him to move to Mithril in 2016.[44] At Mithril, Vance clashed with Mithril's co-founder and managing directorAjay Royan. He decided to leave in 2017.[43]Bloomberg reports he deleted all traces of Mithril from hisLinkedIn profile.[45] Vance moved back to Ohio, where he published an op-ed inThe New York Times with the headline "Why I'm moving home", in which he complained about "highly educated transplants" in Silicon Valley. In another interview, he said elite tech crowds wielded "political-financial power in combination with a certain condescension."[44] In 2017, Vance joinedRevolution LLC,[46] an investment firm founded bySteve Case.[46] Greenspon left Mithril and joined Vance at Revolution in 2018.[47][48] At Revolution Vance was tasked with expanding the "Rise of the Rest" initiative, which focuses on growing investments in underserved regions outsideSilicon Valley and New York City.[46]
In 2019, Vance was on the board of advisors of theWith Honor Fund, aSuper PAC that helps veterans run for office.[52] From 2020 to 2023, he was on the board of advisors of American Moment, a networking and training organization for young conservatives that is affiliated withProject 2025.[53][54]
In 2019, Vance andChris Buskirk co-founded the conservative political advocacy groupRockbridge Network.[55] That year, he also co-founded venture capital firm Narya Capital in Cincinnati with financial backing from Thiel,Eric Schmidt, andMarc Andreessen.[56] In 2020, he raised $93 million for the firm.[57] With Thiel and former Trump adviser Darren Blanton, Vance invested inRumble, a Canadianonline video platform popular with the political right.[58][59]
Our Ohio Renewal
Vance speaks about his bookHillbilly Elegy atNew America'sSecuring the American Dream for Young Children event; 2017.
In December 2016, Vance said he planned to move to Ohio and would consider starting a nonprofit or running for office.[60][39] In Ohio, he started Our Ohio Renewal, a501(c)(4) advocacy organization focused on education, addiction, and other "social ills" he had mentioned in his memoir.[61] According to a 2017 archived capture of the nonprofit's website, the advisory board members wereKeith Humphreys,Jamil Jivani,Yuval Levin, andSally Satel.[62][63] According to a 2020 capture of the website, those four remained in those positions throughout the organization's existence.[64] Our Ohio Renewal closed by 2021 with sparse achievements.[61][65] According to Jivani, the organization's director of law and policy, its work was derailed by Jivani'scancer diagnosis.[66][67] It raised around $221,000 in 2017 (including $80,000 from Vance himself) and spent most of its revenue onoverhead costs and travel. In subsequent years, it raised less than $50,000.[63][68]
During Vance's 2022 U.S. Senate campaign,Tim Ryan, the Democratic nominee, said the charity was a front for Vance's political ambitions. Ryan pointed to reports that the organization paid a Vance political adviser and conducted public opinion polling, while its efforts to address addiction failed. Vance denied the characterization.[69][70][b] Our Ohio Renewal's tax filings show that in its first year, it spent more (over $63,000) on "management services" provided by its executive directorJai Chabria, who was Vance's top political adviser, than it did on programs to fight opioid abuse.[74][63] In 2017, Vance formed a similarly named501(c)(3) organization, Our Ohio Renewal Foundation, which raised around $69,000 from 2017 to 2023.[68] As of September 2024, the foundation had not spent any funds since 2019.[75]
According to theAssociated Press (AP) and a 2019ProPublica investigation, the charity's biggest accomplishment, sending psychiatristSally Satel to Ohio's Appalachian region for a yearlong residency in 2018, was "tainted" by the ties among Satel, her employer,American Enterprise Institute (AEI), andPurdue Pharma, in the form of knowledge exchange between Satel and Purdue and financial support from Purdue to AEI. Satel denied having any relationship with Purdue or any knowledge of its donations to AEI.[76][77][63]
AppHarvest
From March 2017 to April 2021, Vance was on the board of directors of the startupAppHarvest, which carried out indoorvertical farming in Kentucky. AppHarvest was also one of Narya Capital's first publicly announced investments; Vance publicly advocated for AppHarvest, touting the company's commitment to bring good jobs with health care benefits to an economically depressed area of Appalachia. AppHarvest went bankrupt in 2023 while owing over $340 million.[78] Company founder Jonathan Webb and top executives collectively had little experience with horticulture and indoor agriculture, and the company struggled to meet its produce buyers' standards.[79] Workers complained to authorities about "brutal" working conditions in company greenhouses; after many local workers quit, they were replaced by migrant contract workers, who eventually constituted over half the company's labor force. Vance never held an operational role at the company, and his vice-presidential campaign said he had been unaware of the complaints about working conditions and that the decision to hire migrants was made after he resigned from the board.[78][79]
Vance announced his Senate campaign in Ohio on July 1, 2021.[3] On May 3, 2022, he won the Republican primary with 32% of the vote,[87] defeating multiple candidates, includingJosh Mandel (23%) andMatt Dolan (22%).[88] On November 8, in the general election, Vance defeatedDemocratic nomineeTim Ryan with 53% of the vote to Ryan's 47%.[3][89] This vote share was considered a vast underperformance compared to other Ohio Republicans, especially in thecoinciding gubernatorial election.[90] Vance had often previously spelled his name with periods after his initials ("J.D.")—including in the publication ofHillbilly Elegy—but after becoming a candidate for office, he removed the periods ("JD").[1]
Tenure
Official Senate portrait, 2023Vice PresidentKamala Harris swears Vance into the Senate alongside numerous other senator-designates; January 3, 2023.
On January 3, 2023, Vance was sworn into the Senate as a member of the118th United States Congress. Vance was Ohio's junior senator from January 3, 2023, to January 3, 2025. Data from mid-July 2024 showed that he had made 45 Senate speeches and sponsored 57 legislative bills, none of which had passed the Senate. Vance had also co-sponsored 288 bills, of which two passed both the Senate and the House but were vetoed by President Biden.[91]
On March 1, 2023, Vance and SenatorSherrod Brown co-sponsored bipartisan legislation to prevent derailments like the one inEast Palestine,[92][93] but the bill failed due to lack of intra-caucus Republican support.[94][95][96] In June 2023, Vance voted against raising the debt ceiling, standing against final passage of theFiscal Responsibility Act of 2023[97] and saying it would result in "a reduced military in the face of a rising threat from China".[98]
In July 2023, Vance and RepresentativeMarjorie Taylor Greene introduced legislation that would have madegender-affirming care for minors a federal crime, with penalties of up to 12 years in prison.[99] In June 2024, Vance sponsored the Dismantle DEI Act, which would ban federaldiversity, equity, and inclusion programs and funding for agencies, contractors, and organizations receiving federal funds.[100][101] Vance was not present for any Senate votes during his vice-presidential campaign.[102][103]
Vance became Ohio's senior senator on January 3, 2025, upon the swearing-in ofBernie Moreno. At midnight on January 10, Vance resigned from the Senate in anticipation of his inauguration asvice president of the United States onJanuary 20.[104] On January 17, GovernorMike DeWine announced his appointment ofJon Husted to the Senate seat Vance vacated.[105]
Along with Vance, North Dakota governorDoug Burgum, Florida senatorMarco Rubio, and South Carolina senatorTim Scott were finalists to be Trump's running mate.[110] Trump's two eldest sons,Donald Trump Jr. andEric Trump, advocated for Vance. Several media and industry figures are said to have lobbied for Vance to be on the ticket, includingElon Musk,David O. Sacks,Tucker Carlson, andPeter Thiel, who first introduced Trump to Vance in 2021.[111][112]The Heritage Foundation, which draftedProject 2025, privately advocated for Vance.[113] Musk responded to Trump's vice-presidential pick hours after its announcement, saying the ticket "resounds with victory". David Sacks, a prominent GOP donor and Silicon Valley venture capitalist, wrote on Twitter: "This is who I want by Trump's side: an American patriot." In 2022, Sacks gave asuper PAC supporting Vance's Senate campaign $900,000, and Thiel added $15 million.[114] It was initially reported that Musk would contribute $45 million monthly to the Trump-Vance campaign,[115] but Musk later said he planned to donate "much lower amounts".[116][117]
On May 15, 2024, Trump attended a $50,000 per head private fundraising dinner with Vance inCincinnati.[118] Guests includedChris Bortz and Republican fundraiserNate Morris.[119] Vance appeared at significant conservative political events and in June was described as a potential running mate for Trump.[120][121] In July, a former friend of Vance's from Yale Law School exposed to the media communications between them and Vance from 2014 to 2017, with the friend alleging that Vance has "changed [his] opinion on literally every imaginable issue that affects everyday Americans" in pursuit of "political power and wealth".[122][123]
In late July 2024, after PresidentJoe Bidenwithdrew his candidacy forreelection and Vice PresidentKamala Harris became apresidential candidate, Vance said at a private fundraiser that the "bad news is that Kamala Harris does not have the same baggage as Joe Biden ... Kamala Harris is obviously not struggling in the same ways that Joe Biden did"; a day later, Vance told the media: "I don't think the political calculus changes at all" whether Harris or Biden was the Democratic nominee.[124] Following criticism of his past remarks and political positions, Vance said in an August 2024 interview that a vice president "doesn't really matter" and that "Kamala Harris has been a bad vice president".[125] This came after Trump said that the "vice president, in terms of the election, does not have any impact".[125] In late August, after the Trump campaign was embroiled in controversy for allegedly bringing cameras into a restricted area ofArlington National Cemetery during Trump's visit there, Vance first said that Harris "can go to hell" because "she wants to yell at Donald Trump because he showed up", and then said "Don't do this fake outrage thing". At the time of his comments, Harris had not publicly discussed theincident.[126][127][128]
In August 2024, Vance said that Trump had "said that explicitly that he would" veto a national abortion ban.[129] In September 2024, during his debate with Harris, Trump was asked about Vance's statement about the veto, and responded: "I didn't discuss it with JD ... I think he was speaking for me—but I really didn't."[130][131]
In late September 2024, Vance spoke at a western Pennsylvania town hall event organized byLance Wallnau, who has promotedelection denialism and called Kamala Harris a "demon".[132][133][134] In October 2024, Vance said he did not believe Trump lost the2020 presidential election and that he believed "Big Tech rigged the election" through censorship.[135]
Comments on childlessness
"Childless cat ladies" redirects here. For the archetype, seeCat lady.
Shortly after being named Trump's running mate, Vance was criticized for saying in a 2021Fox News interview, "we are effectively run in this country via the Democrats, via our corporate oligarchs, by a bunch of childlesscat ladies who are miserable at their own lives and the choices that they've made and so they want to make the rest of the country miserable too."[136] The resurfaced comments, which were posted byMeidasTouch editor-in-chiefRon Filipkowski, sparked an immediate backlash across news and social media.[137][138] On July 26, 2024, Vance clarified his remarks onThe Megyn Kelly Show, saying, "It's not a criticism of people who don't have children" and "this is about criticizing the Democratic Party for becoming anti-family and anti-child".[139] He has said that being "pro-babies and pro-family" should be the Republican Party's highest priority.[140]
After backlash to the Fox News interview, additional comments that Vance had made in interviews about childless people resurfaced. In a 2020 podcast interview, he said that being childless "makes people more sociopathic and ultimately our whole country a little bit less, less mentally stable".[141] Vance's campaign referred to "radical childless leaders in this country" in a fundraising email sent after his appearance onTucker Carlson Tonight. CNN found multiple examples of Vance making similarly disparaging remarks about childless people, primarily Democratic officials.[142] In a 2021 speech at aCenter for Christian Virtue leadership meeting, Vance said that childless teachers were "trying to brainwash the minds of our children" and criticizedAmerican Federation of Teachers PresidentRandi Weingarten, saying: "If she wants to brainwash and destroy the minds of children, she should have some of her own and leave ours the hell alone."[143] He also suggested in a March 2021 interview onThe Charlie Kirk Show that childless people should be taxed at a higher rate than those with children, adding that the U.S. should "reward the things that we think are good" and "punish the things that we think are bad".[144] In an August 2024 interview onFace the Nation, Vance said he supported increasing thechild tax credit from $2,000 per child to $5,000 per child, even though his Senate Republican colleagues had blocked an expanded child tax credit two weeks earlier while he was absent for the vote, having called it a "show vote" and saying it would not have passed even if he had been present.[145][146]
In September 2024, Vance alleged that Haitian illegal immigrants were "draining social services and generally causing chaos all overSpringfield, Ohio" and that "reports now show that people have had their pets abducted and eaten by people who shouldn't be in this country". Trump subsequently echoed the allegations, including duringa presidential debate. Springfield authorities said there were "no credible reports or specific claims" of such incidents and that "Haitian immigrants are here legally".[147][148] Vance then said that it was "possible, of course, that all of these rumors will turn out to be false", but also told his supporters to "keep the cat memes flowing".[149] He then promoted conservative activistChristopher Rufo's allegation that African migrants were eating cats inDayton, Ohio; Dayton authorities reported "no evidence to even remotely suggest that any group, including our immigrant community, is engaged in eating pets".[150][151]
After Vance's claim about Haitians eating pets was disputed, he said: "Do you know what's confirmed? That a child was murdered by a Haitian migrant who had no right to be here"; the child had actually died in an accidental collision between vehicles in Springfield, and the child's father criticized Vance for using the child's "death for political gain".[152][153] Vance also alleged a "massive rise in communicable diseases" in Springfield, butClark County's health commissioner reported having "not seen a substantial increase in all reportable communicable diseases".[154] After Vance's and Trump's allegations, Springfield experienced multiplebomb threats in September. Vance denounced "violence or the threat of violence levied against Springfield", but continued his allegations against immigrants there.[155] He defended his claims about Haitian migrants eating cats, saying that he was willing "to create stories so that the American media actually pays attention ... we're creating a story, meaning we're creating the American media focusing on it."[156]
The vice presidential debate was held on Tuesday, October 1, 2024, at 9:00 p.m. EDT at theCBS Broadcast Center in New York City.[157]
CBS stated in late September that the moderators would not fact-check the candidates during the debate, with fact-checking instead handled online and on-air only after the debate.[158] When Vance was fact checked on the status ofHaitian immigrants in Springfield, Ohio, he objected saying, "The rules were that you were not going to fact check", and argued that the immigrants should not be considered legal because the federal government decided their protected status after they had arrived in the United States.[159] Walz rejected Vance's argument, and the microphones were muted as Vance continued speaking.[160]
Nielsen Media Research reported that 43 million viewers across CBS and 15 other television networks watched the debate, down from 57 million viewers during the 2020 vice presidential debate.[161]
In July 2024, a CNN poll analysis after the Republican National Convention showed a net-negative approval rating for Vance.[90] That week, Vance's middling public reception and other concerns led some prominent Republican politicians and political analysts to say that he may have been a poor choice of running mate, especially in light of the shift in the election's dynamics uponthe withdrawal of President Biden from the election and advent ofKamala Harris as the Democratic nominee.[162]
After the October 2024 vice-presidential debate, A CBS News/YouGov poll of 1,630 likely debate viewers found Vance's favorability rose from 40% to 49%, while Walz's increased from 52% to 60%. Both candidates' unfavorability ratings also declined, with Vance's dropping from 54% to 47% and Walz's falling from 41% to 35%. The poll had a margin of error of 2.7 points.[163]
Vance being sworn in as vice president by Supreme Court JusticeBrett Kavanaugh on January 20, 2025Vance and his wifeUsha with President Trump and his wifeMelania, October 2025
At noon on January 20, 2025, Vance became the 50th vice president of the United States,sworn into the office by JusticeBrett Kavanaugh.[164] Before his inauguration, he held a meeting with China's vice presidentHan Zheng in which they discussedChina–United States relations.[165] Vance is also the first Marine Corps veteran to serve as vice president.[166]
Among Vance's first acts as vice president was swearing in Secretary of StateMarco Rubio, the first of Trump's cabinet nominees to be approved by Congress, on January 21.[167] On January 24, he cast thetie-breaking vote to confirmPete Hegseth asSecretary of Defense.[168] In February 2025, after multiple federal judges issued temporary rulings against variousTrump administration actions, Vance wrote, "judges aren't allowed to control the executive's legitimate power".[169]
In a first for a sitting U.S. vice president, in March 2025 Vance visitedGreenland, where he said "We can't just ignore the president's desires" for the U.S. to acquire Greenland.[170] He also warned that Greenland faced the "encroachment of powerful countries" China and Russia "as they expand their ambitions", while declaring in a "message toDenmark" that "you have not done a good job". Vance criticized Denmark for having "underinvested in the security architecture" and "people of Greenland".[170][171] The next month, Vance lamented that the "globalist economy" had caused the United States to "borrow money from Chinese peasants to buy the things those Chinese peasants manufacture".[172]
Munich Security Conference
Vance's speech at the 61st Munich Security Conference
In his February 2025 speech at theMunich Security Conference (MSC), partially due to what he said were examples in Romania, England, Scotland, and Germany, Vance called "the threat from within" his biggest concern in terms of security for Europe, "not Russia, not China".[173]
On February 28, 2025, Vance and Trump met Ukrainian PresidentVolodymyr Zelenskyy in the White House's Oval Office in front of journalists in an internationally broadcast event.[177][178] Vance was mostly quiet for the meeting's first 40 minutes, but then interjected to answer a question about Trump's relationship with Russian President Vladimir Putin.[177][179] Vance told Zelenskyy: "The path to peace and the path to prosperity is maybe engaging in diplomacy ... What makes America a good country is America engaging in diplomacy. That's what President Trump is doing."[179] Zelenskyy responded that Putin had not abided by a ceasefire and prisoner exchange agreement with Ukraine, and asked Vance, "What kind of diplomacy, JD, you are speaking about?"[180]
Vance sitting next to Secretary of StateMarco Rubio during the meeting
The conversation became hostile; Vance replied that he was discussing "diplomacy that's going to end the destruction of" Ukraine, telling Zelenskyy: "it's disrespectful for you to come to the Oval Office and try to litigate this in front of the American media. Right now, you guys are going around and forcing conscripts to the front lines because you have manpower problems. You should be thanking the president for trying to bring an end to this conflict."[178][179] Zelenskyy asked whether Vance had ever visited Ukraine; Vance replied that he had "watched and seen the stories" about Ukraine, accusing Zelenskyy of showing a "propaganda tour" of Ukraine.[178][181] He asked whether Zelenskyy had ever offered thanks, despite Zelenskyy starting the conversation by saying "Thank you so much" to Trump.[182] Vance incorrectly claimed that Zelenskyy "went to Pennsylvania and campaigned for the opposition in October" 2024; Zelenskyy had actually visited a factory to thank workers producing ammunition for Ukraine,[183] though the timing of the visit and separately calling Vance "too radical" raised suspicion among Republicans.[184] After the meeting, Zelenskyy and his delegation were made to leave the White House, canceling the original plan to sign a minerals deal between Ukraine and the U.S.[179]
In 2016, Vance was an outspoken critic of Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump, calling him "reprehensible" and himself a "never Trump guy".[215][216][217][218] In 2021, after Vance announced his Senate candidacy, he publicly announced support for Trump, apologizing for his past criticisms of Trump and deleting some of them.[219][220] That year, Vance advised Trump to fire all civil servants and replace them with Trump supporters.[221] Vance has said that if he had been vice president during the2020 presidential election, he would not have certified the results. Instead, Vance said that some states Trump lost shouldhave sent pro-Trump electors to Washington so thatCongress could decide the election.[222]
Personal life
Vance with his wife, Usha, and their eldest son in 2025
Vance was raised in a "conservative,evangelical" branch ofProtestantism.[232] Vance has described that at the time he entered college, he was anatheist.[233] By September 2016, he was "not an active participant" in any particular Christian denomination, but was "thinking very seriously about converting to Catholicism".[232] In August 2019, Vance wasbaptized andconfirmed in the Catholic Church. He choseAugustine of Hippo as hisconfirmation saint. Vance said he converted because he "became persuaded over time that Catholicism was true [...] and Augustine gave me a way to understand Christian faith in a strongly intellectual way", further describingCatholic theology's alignment with his political views.[234][235][236] Vance was influenced to convert to Catholicism byPeter Thiel.[237] He was criticized byPope Francis for supporting deportation of migrants and responded by invoking the traditional concept ofordo amoris present inCatholic theology, which he interprets as loving his own nationals more than foreigners[238] and equates with the slogan "America First".[239][240]
Nate Vance, JD's cousin and a U.S. Marine Corps veteran, volunteered to fight for Ukraine in 2022 after Russia's invasion. Nate served in the "Da Vinci Wolves" unit, fighting in major battles likeKupiansk andBakhmut. In 2025, he criticized JD's stance on Ukraine, accusing him and Trump of aiding Russia. He expressed disappointment that JD, despite their family connection, did not consult him for insights on the war.[241][242][243]
Electoral history
2022 United States Senate race in Ohio
2022 United States Senate Republican primary results in Ohio[244]
^abVance was named James Donald Bowman at birth. Afterward, he was adopted by his mother's third husband and had his name changed toJames David Hamel. In April 2013, he adopted his maternal grandparents' surname of Vance.[1]
^According to archived captures of the websites, by April 28, 2021, the domainourohiorenewal.com was put on sale byhugedomains.com. In August 2022 the Ohio Democratic Party set up a website calledOur Ohio Ripoff,[71] and from late August[72] to early November 2022, the domainRenewal redirected the user to the domainRipoff.[73] In July 2024, the domainourohiorenewal.com remains for sale, and the websiteourohioripoff.com remains online.
^Herb, Jeremy; Gordon, Allison; Britzky, Haley; Murray, Sara; Ortega, Bob; Morales, Mark (August 17, 2024)."CNN Politics".CNN.Archived from the original on September 4, 2024. RetrievedSeptember 4, 2024.
^Wendling, Mike (July 16, 2024)."JD Vance was once 'never Trump'. Now he's his running mate".BBC News. Archived fromthe original on August 8, 2024. RetrievedAugust 8, 2024.'I'm a 'never Trump' guy. I never liked him' and 'My god what an idiot' and 'I find him reprehensible' and 'I go back and forth between thinking Trump is a cynical asshole... or that he's America's Hitler'
^Haynes, Gavin (July 17, 2024)."JD Vance has some weird influences".The Spectator.Archived from the original on July 18, 2024. RetrievedJuly 17, 2024.Vance says he is 'plugged into a lot of weird, right-wing subcultures'. He draws from a whole new political lexicon, one that would seem baffling to his more starched colleagues in the Congress.
^Arnsdorf, Isaac; Dawsey, Josh; LeVine, Marianne (July 16, 2024)."How Trump got to 'yes' on Vance".The Washington Post.ISSN0190-8286.Archived from the original on July 16, 2024. RetrievedJuly 16, 2024.Major Republican donors opposed Vance because they viewed his inclination toward economic populism as hostile to their model of small-government, free-market conservatism.
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