 Typical Jødekager that are not topped with almonds | |
| Type | Cookie |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | Denmark |
| Associatedcuisine | Jewish cuisine,Danish cuisine |
| Main ingredients | Almonds,Butter,Cinnamon,Egg,Flour, andSugar |
Jødekager (lit. 'Jewish cakes') are popularcookies ofDanish Jewish origin. They consist of a softbutter cookie base which is topped withcinnamon sugar and occasionally choppedalmonds.
Early versions of the recipe originated in the Danish Jewish community in Denmark starting in the 18th century, though the current version dates to 19th century.[1] They are commonly eaten duringChristmas inDenmark.[2]
Jødekager haveSephardi origins fromIberian Jews who resettled in theNetherlands after theSpanish Inquisition. In theEncyclopedia of Jewish Food,Gil Marks writes that "these Spanish and Portuguese Jews merged their Moorish-influenced Iberian fare with the local Scandinavian cuisine." Due to wide availability, butter was used instead of olive oil. Variations on Jewish butter cookies (Dutch:Joodse boterkoeke) eventually spread to Denmark and elsewhere inScandinavia, as well asEngland andGermany. By the 16th century, Jewish bakeries in Copenhagen were producing a local version ofbutter cookies topped with nuts and cinnamon. Because butter cookies were a Christmas tradition for Danish Christians, Jewish butter cookies became a popularChristmas dessert.[3]
Several different cookie recipes have been called "jødekager" in Denmark. A "white Jewish cake" (Danish:hvide jødekage) was the first recorded, with a recipe dating back to 1796. It was made with a yeast dough that rose overnight and was spiced withanise. Early 19th century recipes for this "white" cake swapped out the yeast dough in favor of a recipe with eggs,almond flour, andcardamom. This cake, however, seems to fallen out of popularity as it does not appear in cookbooks after the mid-19th century.[1]
A second recipe for a "brown Jewish cake" (Danish:brune jødekage) emerged around this time period, and was first recorded in 1853. They included flour, butter, almond flour,vanilla, cardamom, eggs, andbrown sugar. Before baking, the cookies were sprinkled with cinnamon, sugar, and chopped almonds. Other recipes includedginger,rose water,beer, andlemon in this version of jødekager. By the 1890s, recipes for these jødekager began to appear without spices in the dough, more closely resembling the modern version of the cake. Although the modern version is only topped with cinnamon, the historic recipes which were heavily spiced further evidence the cookie's connection to the Jewish community, as Jewish bakeries would have deeper ties to imported spices.[1]
Today, the base of the cookie dough consists of butter, wheat flour, sugar, and typically egg. It is always brushed with a mixture of cinnamon sugar, and may be topped with chopped almonds.[1]
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