Ján Kadár | |
|---|---|
| Born | János Kadár (1918-04-01)1 April 1918 |
| Died | 1 June 1979(1979-06-01) (aged 61) Los Angeles,California, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Screenwriter, film director |
| Years active | 1945–1979 |
| Spouse | Judita Kadár |
| Awards | NY Critics Best Foreign Film Award 1966The Shop on Main Street Canadian Etrog 1976Lies My Father Told Me Golden Globe for Best Foreign Film 1976Lies My Father Told Me Oscar for Best Foreign Film 1966The Shop on Main Street |
Ján Kadár (1 April 1918 – 1 June 1979) was a Slovak film writer and director ofJewish heritage.
As a filmmaker, he worked inCzechoslovakia, the United States, and Canada. Most of his films were directed in tandem withElmar Klos. The two became best known for theirOscar-winningThe Shop on Main Street (Obchod na korze, 1965).[1] As a professor at FAMU (Film and TV School of the Academy of Performing Arts)[2] inPrague, Kadár trained most of the directors who spawned theCzechoslovak New Wave in the 1960s.
Kadar was a dean at theAmerican Film Institute.[3]
Kadár was born in Budapest,Austria-Hungary. Later his family moved toRožňava, in the newly createdCzechoslovakia, where he grew up.His mother was Louisa Tyroler.[4]
Kadár took up the law in Bratislava after high school, but soon transferred to the first Department of Film in Czechoslovakia (probably the third such department in Europe) at the School of Industrial Arts inBratislava[5] in 1938, where he took classes withSlovak film's notable directorKarel Plicka until the department was closed in 1939.
With the application of anti-Jewish laws, Kádár was detained in alabor camp. He later said that it was for the first time in his life that he acted as a Jew: He refused conversion and served in a work unit with a yellow armband rather than a white one which was the privilege of those baptized.[6] Kadar's parents and sister were murdered in thedeath camp atAuschwitz concentration camp.[7]
Kadár began his directing career in Bratislava, Slovakia after World War II with the documentaryLife Is Rising from the Ruins (Na troskách vyrastá život, 1945). After several documentaries expressing the views of the Communist Party, which he joined, Kadár moved to Prague in 1947 and returned to Bratislava temporarily in order to makeKathy (Katka, 1950), his first feature film.
Beginning in 1952, he co-directed all his Czechoslovak films withElmar Klos solely in Prague except their Czech−Slovak projectsDeath Is Called Engelchen (Slovak:Smrť sa volá Engelchen,Czech:Smrt si říká Engelchen, 1963),The Shop on Main Street (Obchod na korze, 1965), andAdrift (Czech:Touha zvaná Anada,Slovak:Túžba zvaná Anada,Hungarian:Valamit visz a víz, 1969) shot with Slovak, Hungarian, and Czech actors on location at Rusovce, Slovakia. Kadár returned to finish the latter one from the United States, where he immigrated in November 1968.[8]
It was his last work withKlos. He then resumed his career in the U.S. and Canada working in both films and television. He was also a popular professor of film directing at theAmerican Film Institute's Center for Advanced Film Studies.[3]
While touting the obligatoryMarxist-Leninist doctrine and adhering toSocialist-Realist filmmaking, Ján Kadár andElmar Klos first bounced between comedy and hard-core propaganda. Kadár's firstfeature film,Kathy (Katka) was released in 1950.[9]
Their choice of themes began to change with the first, mild relaxation of communism in Czechoslovakia afterSoviet leader Khrushchev's secret speech in 1956. Kadár and Klos's first film during this minor thaw,Three Wishes (Tři přání, 1958), a cagey satire on aspects of everyday life, outraged the authorities and was shelved until the more relaxed conditions in 1963.[10]
The studios suspended both directors for two years.[11]
Their Communist Party membership protected them from a worse fate, however, and Kadár was able to find a refuge in semi-propagandist, technically avant-garde work for the early Czechoslovak multi-screen shows at theLaterna magika (Magic Lantern) project.[12]
The first feature film Ján Kadár andElmar Klos were able to make in five years showed a decided return to classical black-and-white film-making with barely a trace of Kadár's more experimental work at theLaterna magika.
A gradual relaxation of communist control in Czechoslovakia, whose first signs came from Slovakia, enabled the Bratislava journalist and writerLadislav Mňačko to publish his novelDeath Is Called Engelchen (Smrť sa volá Engelchen, 1959)[13] and Kadár and Klos to reach for it from Prague after their suspension was over. The novel and their filmDeath is Called Engelchen (Slovak:Smrť sa volá Engelchen,Czech:Smrt si říká Engelchen, 1963) spotlighted a new take on the massive pro-democraticSlovak revolt of 1944 that previously had been portrayed only as invariably glorious. It showed some of its aspects that brought about human tragedy.[5]
The film was entered into the3rd Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Golden Prize.[14]
The directors' next film,Accused akaDefendant (Obžalovaný, 1964), rehashed the propagandist structures of the earlierSocialist-Realist filmmaking.
All of these experiences and influences intersected to bring Kadár andKlos their enduring success withThe Shop on Main Street (Obchod na korze, 1965),[15] a compassionate and tormenting depiction of the dead-end street faced by many in Central Europe during thedeportations of the Jews toGerman concentration camps during World War II.[16] The film received several awards, including a foreign-languageOscar. Slovak and Czech film academics and critics still consider it the best film in the history of Slovak cinema.[17]
Kadár and Klos's work on their next project based on the Hungarian novelSomething Is Drifting on the Water (Valamit visz a víz, 1928) byLajos Zilahy, and, effectively, a remake of the Hungarian film with the English international titleSomething Is in the Water (Valamit visz a víz, dir. Gusztáv Oláh andLajos Zilahy, 1943) was interrupted by theSoviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968.[18]
Kadár and his family quickly resettled in the United States, returning briefly to help finishAdrift (Czech:Touha zvaná Anada,Slovak:Túžba zvaná Anada, 1969).
Ján Kadár's first film after immigration to the United States and his first solo feature film since 1950 wasThe Angel Levine (1970), a substantially modified version ofBernard Malamud's short storyAngel Levine (1958).[19]
He later directedLies My Father Told Me (1975) in Canada. He also directedThe Other Side of Hell (1978), starring Alan Arkin and Roger E. Mosley, for television.
