Along with all other current, post-biblical Jewish month names, Iyar was adopted during theBabylonian captivity. In theBabylonian calendar its name was Araḫ Āru, which can be interpreted as "month of blossoming".[1]
Fast of Behav – seeCheshvan. It is observed on the Monday, Thursday, and Monday after the first Sabbath after Rosh Chodesh Iyar. Unlike in Cheshvan, the Eastern and Western Ashkenazic rites observe it at the same time.
4 Iyar (1165) –Maimonides survives a fierce storm at sea while fleeing from theIslamic persecution inFez. From then on he observed the day as a personal day of fasting and prayer.
14 Iyar (1312 BCE) – "Second Passover" – an additional opportunity to offer the paschal sacrifice, for individuals who were impure on the main Passover holiday. (Book of Numbers, 9).
15 Iyar (1727) – Jews expelled fromUkraine by EmpressCatherine I a few months prior to her death.
15 Iyar (1883) – Pogrom inRostov-on-Don with the encouragement of local Russian officials.
15 Iyar (1939) – TheNuremberg laws, depriving Jews the rights citizenship, were passed by the government of Nazi Germany in 1935. In 1939, on the 16th of Iyar, the laws went into effect in Nazi-allied Hungary.
18 Iyar (Second century CE) – Death ofShimon bar Yochai[citation needed] On the day of his death—Iyar 18, the 33rd day of the Omer Count—Rabbi Shimon gathered his disciples and revealed many of the deepest secrets of the divine wisdom, and instructed them to mark the date as "the day of my joy."
18 Iyar (1690) –Ettingen Jews acquitted of a blood libel, avoiding the danger of the decree to destroy their synagogue were they to be found guilty. The local Jews celebrated this day as a local "Purim" celebration-day of thanksgiving.
18 Iyar (1948) –Hurva Synagogue captured and dynamited by theArab Legion of Jordan during the battle for Old Jerusalem. The synagogue was built by the group of disciples of theVilna Gaon who immigrated fromLithuania in 1864. The synagogue was built on the ruins of the synagogue built byJudah HeHasid) and his disciples in 1700, which was destroyed by Arab mobs in 1721. It was therefore named the "Hurvat Rabbi Judah HaChassid"—the ruins of Rabbi Judah the Chassid, or simply "The Hurva"—The Ruin.
19 Iyar (1293) – Death ofMeir of Rothenburg in his cell inEnsisheim Fortress where he had been imprisoned for ten years in an attempt to exact a huge ransom from the Jewish community. The money had been raised, but Rabbi Meir refused to have himself redeemed, lest this encourage the hostage taking of other Jewish leaders. (seeAdar 4)
20 Iyar (1288) – ThirteenTroyes Jews burned at the stake by theInquisition for supposedly murdering a Christian child. The thirteen Jews chosen were from among the richer members of the community. Jews were also killed in a "blood libel" inNeuchâtel,Switzerland on this date.
20 Iyar (1637) –Venetian Jews forbidden the right to practice law or to act as advocates in the Courts of theRepublic of Venice.
20 Iyar (1942) – All pregnant women inKovno Ghetto sentenced to death by the Nazis.
22 Iyar (1731) – Jewish books begin to be searched for and confiscated byGiovanni Antonio Costanzi, theVatican librarian and author of a catalogue of the Vatican's Hebrew manuscripts, in all the Jewish quarters throughout thePapal States. More confiscations continued over the next twenty years.
22 Iyar (1944) – Two months after theNazi occupation of Hungary, Nazis began deportation ofHungarian Jews to theAuschwitz concentration camp. Adolf Eichmann personally oversaw the following day the start of the extermination process. Eight days later an estimated 100,000 had been murdered.
23 Iyar (1096) - Massacre of 800 Jews inWorms, Germany - this day was observed as a day of communal fasting in Worms for centuries to come.
25 Iyar (1096) –Cologne Jews saved – During the First Crusade, the crusaders are locked out of the city in thecommune ofCologne in the Rhineland and local Jews are saved, following the orders of the local bishop to close the gates to the city. In a number of local provinces, where the local bishop tried to avert the masses from harming the Jews, the bishop would have to escape for his own safety.
26 Iyar (1945) - 26 of Iyar - Day of Liberation and Rescue has been established as an official day to remember the date of the liberation from Nazi Germany, 26th of Iyar in the Hebrew calendar. The holiday was initiated byGerman Zakharyayev, Gorsky-Kavkazi Jewish philanthropist and businessman, and supported by Rabbis of Europe and Israel. The day was also recently accepted by the Israeli government.
26 Iyar (1945) – Theresienstadt concentration camp liberated by the Soviets.
28 Iyar (circa 1012 BCE) – Death ofSamuel the Prophet, marked by pilgrimages to histomb on the outskirts of Jerusalem. Many Jews consider this a Ta'anit Tzadik and fast.[3]
