| Ixil | |
|---|---|
| Ixhil | |
| Pronunciation | [iʂil] |
| Native to | Guatemala,Mexico |
| Region | Quiché Department Campeche,Quintana Roo |
| Ethnicity | 133,329Ixil (2019 census) |
Native speakers | 120,000 (2019 census)[1] |
Mayan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin | |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Regulated by | Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ixl |
| Glottolog | ixil1251 |
| ELP | Ixil |
Ixil (Ixhil) is aMayan language spoken inMexico andGuatemala.[2] It is the primary language of theIxil people, which mainly comprises the three towns ofSan Juan Cotzal,Santa María Nebaj, andSan Gaspar Chajul in theGuatemalan highlands and numerous towns in the states ofCampeche andQuintana Roo in southeastMéxico.[3] There is also an Ixil speaking migrant population in Guatemala City, Mexico City and the United States. Although there are slight differences in vocabulary in the dialects spoken by people in the three main Guatemalan Ixil towns, they are all mutually intelligible and should be considered dialects of a single language. According to historical linguistic studies Ixil emerged as a separate language sometime around the year 500AD.
Ixil language is spoken in Mexico in some municipalities of the states ofCampeche andQuintana Roo. In the state of Campeche is spoken in the communities of Los Laureles and Quetzal-Edzná from theCampeche municipality and in Maya Tecún inChampotón municipality, while in Quintana Roo is spoken in the towns of Maya Balam andKuchumatán,Bacalar municipality.
In Guatemala, the municipalities where Ixil is spoken the most are San Gaspar Chajul, San Juan Cotzal and Santa María Nebaj,Quiché department.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | iiː | uuː | |
| Close-mid | eeː | ooː | |
| Open | aaː |
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m⟨m⟩ | n⟨n⟩ | ||||||||
| Plosive/ Affricate | plain | p⟨p⟩ | t⟨t⟩ | t͡s⟨tz⟩ | t͡ɕ⟨ch⟩ | ʈ͡ʂ⟨tx⟩ | k⟨k⟩ | q⟨q⟩ | ʔ⟨'⟩ | |
| glottalized | ɓ⟨bʼ⟩ | tʼ⟨tʼ⟩ | t͡sʼ⟨tzʼ⟩ | t͡ɕʼ⟨chʼ⟩ | ʈ͡ʂʼ⟨txʼ⟩ | kʼ⟨kʼ⟩ | qʼ⟨qʼ⟩ | |||
| Fricative | β ~v⟨v⟩ | s⟨s⟩ | ɕ⟨xh⟩ | ʂ⟨x⟩ | χ⟨j⟩ | |||||
| Flap | ɾ⟨r⟩ | |||||||||
| Approximant | (w⟨v⟩) | l⟨l⟩ | j⟨y⟩ | |||||||
Source:[6]
| One | Wa'l |
| Two | Ka'wa'l |
| Three | Oxhwal |
| Man | Winaq |
| Woman | Ixoq |
| Dog | Tx'i' |
| Sun | Q'ij |
| Moon | Ich' |
| Water | Ja |
| Deer | Che |
| Jaguar | B'alam |
| Monkey | K'oy |
| Rabbit | Umul |
| Mouse | Ch'o |
| Bird | Tz'ikyin |
| Fish | Txay |
| Bee | Uskab |
| Black | Q'eq |
| White | Saq |
| Red | Kaq |
| Yellow | Q'an |
| Green | Cha'x |
| Blue | Cha'x |
![[icon]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aWiki_letter_w_cropped.svg) | This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(December 2008) |
Ixilpronominals are discerned betweenergative ones andabsolutive ones.[7] A notable feature of the language's grammar is its ambiguity in discerningreflexive fromreciprocal pronouns.[8]
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