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Itzhak Perlman

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Israeli-American violinist (born 1945)

Itzhak Perlman
יצחק פרלמן‎
Perlman in 1984
Born (1945-08-31)August 31, 1945 (age 80)
Occupation(s)Classical violinist, conductor
Years active1958–present
Spouse
Toby Friedlander
​
(m. 1967)​
Children5
Musical career
GenresClassical
InstrumentViolin
Labels
Musical artist
Websiteitzhakperlman.com

Itzhak Perlman (Hebrew:יצחק פרלמן; born August 31, 1945) is anIsraeli-Americanviolinist. He has performed worldwide and throughout the United States, in venues that have included a state dinner forElizabeth II at theWhite House in 2007, and at the2009 inauguration of Barack Obama. He has conducted theDetroit Symphony Orchestra, thePhiladelphia Orchestra, and theWestchester Philharmonic. In 2015, he was awarded thePresidential Medal of Freedom. Perlman has won 16Grammy Awards, including aGrammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and fourEmmy Awards.[1]

Early life

Perlman was born on August 31, 1945, inTel Aviv.[2] His parents, Chaim and Shoshana Perlman, wereJewish natives ofPoland and had independently emigrated toMandatory Palestine in the mid-1930s before they met and later married. Perlman contractedpolio at age four and has walked using leg braces and crutches since then[3] and plays the violin while seated. As of 2018[update], he uses crutches or an electric scooter for mobility.[4]

When Perlman was three years old, he sat and listened attentively to a violin recital on the radio, which inspired him to become a violinist. His mother soon bought him a toy violin, and he quickly taught himself to play melodies. His parents tried to enroll him at theShulamit Conservatory, but he was denied admission for being too small to hold a violin.[5] Despite his handicap, he began learning the violin a year later. His first teacher was a café violinist. At age five, Perlman was admitted to the Academy of Music in Tel Aviv (now theBuchmann-Mehta School of Music), where he studied for eight years with Rivka Goldgart, a violin teacher of Russian origin, and gave his first recital at age ten.[6][7] He moved to the United States at age 13 to study violin at theJuilliard School inNew York City and theMeadowmount School of Music inEssex County, New York,[1] withIvan Galamian and his assistantDorothy DeLay.[8]

Career

Performing

Ed Sullivan congratulates 13-year-old Perlman after a concert (1958)

Perlman gained national attention when he appeared onThe Ed Sullivan Show twice in 1958 at 13 years old, and again in 1964, on the same show with theRolling Stones.[9] His performances on the show included pieces such as Rimsky-Korsakov'sFlight of the Bumblebee, Wieniawski'sPolonaise Brillante, and Mendelssohn'sViolin Concerto.[2] In 1963 and 1964, Perlman made appearances with theNational Orchestra Association in Wieniawski'sViolin Concerto No. 1, theNew York Youth Orchestra in Beethoven'sViolin Concerto, and with theDetroit Symphony Orchestra.[10]

With theZionist Organization of America's sponsorship, Perlman began touring cities in the U.S. and Canada as a soloist, and quickly established himself as a leading virtuoso.[2] He made hisCarnegie Hall debut performing Wieniawski's Concerto in 1963 and won theLeventritt Competition in 1964.[1] From 1964 to 1966, Perlman embarked on his first notable concert tour in the United States, performed in 30 cities, includingBuffalo,Cleveland,Detroit,Pittsburgh,Denver,Honolulu,Indianapolis,Los Angeles,Minneapolis,New Haven,Seattle, andSt. Louis.[11][12] Perlman returned twice to theEd Sullivan Show in 1964. During the later part of 1964, Perlman gave several concerts in Israel, a tour that concluded with the TchaikovskyViolin Concerto at theMann Auditorium inTel Aviv.[2]

Perlman first appeared with theNew York Philharmonic at thePhilharmonic Hall as a soloist on May 9, 1965, playing Bruch'sViolin Concerto No. 1 underWilliam Steinberg.[13][14] He debuted with theLos Angeles Philharmonic with the same concerto on February 17, 1966.[15][16] In 1965, Perlman debuted with theCleveland Orchestra atSeverance Hall in Tchaikovsky'sViolin Concert underLouis Lane.[17] He debuted with theChicago Symphony Orchestra at theRavinia Festival on August 4, 1966, in Tchaikovsky's Concerto with conductorThomas Schippers.[18][19] Perlman made his debut with theBoston Symphony Orchestra on December 16, 1966, playing Prokofiev'sViolin Concerto No. 2 underErich Leinsdorf.[20]

Starting in the late 1960s, Perlman began to tour Europe. He debuted with theLondon Symphony Orchestra in 1968, performing Tchaikovky's Concerto under the direction ofAndré Previn.[21] On May 25, 1972, Perlman debuted with the Berlin Philharmonic with the same concerto.[22] This was shortly followed by his debut at theSalzburg Festival with a solo performance of Schubert'sRondo andFantasy and theViolin Sonata No. 3 by Brahms withJoseph Kalichstein on August 19, 1972. The next day, Perlman performed Mozart'sViolin Concerto No. 4 with theVienna Philharmonic underClaudio Abbado.[23][24] Perlman has made appearances on television shows such asThe Tonight Show andSesame Street.[25]

Although Perlman has never been billed or marketed as a singer, he sang the role of "Un carceriere" ("a jailer") on a 1981EMI recording of Puccini's "Tosca" that featuredRenata Scotto,Plácido Domingo, andRenato Bruson, withJames Levine conducting. He had earlier sung the role in an excerpt from the opera on a 1980 Pension Fund Benefit Concert telecast as part of theLive from Lincoln Center series withLuciano Pavarotti as Cavaradossi andZubin Mehta conducting theNew York Philharmonic.

On July 5, 1986, Perlman performed at theNew York Philharmonic's tribute to the 100th anniversary of theStatue of Liberty, which was televised live onABC. The orchestra, conducted by Mehta, performed inCentral Park.[26]

While primarily a solo artist, Perlman has performed with a number of other musicians, includingYo-Yo Ma,Pinchas Zukerman,Jessye Norman,Vladimir Ashkenazy,Isaac Stern, andYuri Temirkanov at the 150th anniversary celebration of Tchaikovsky in Leningrad in December 1990. As well as playing and recording the classical music for which he is best known, Perlman has also playedjazz, including an album made with jazz pianistOscar Peterson;klezmer; andbluegrass music.[27] He has been a soloist in a number of film scores, such as the theme of the1993 filmSchindler's List byJohn Williams, which won anAcademy Award for Best Original Score. More recently, he was the violin soloist in the2005 filmMemoirs of a Geisha along with cellist Yo-Yo Ma. Perlman played selections from the musical scores of the movies nominated for "Best Original Score" at the73rd Academy Awards with Ma[28][29] and at the78th Academy Awards.[30] Perlman is represented byCharlotte Lee at Primo Artists.[31]

Selected performances

Perlman at the White House in 2007

Perlman played at the state dinner attended by Queen Elizabeth II on May 7, 2007, in the East Room at theWhite House.[32]

He performed John Williams's "Air and Simple Gifts" at the2009 inauguration ceremony forBarack Obama along with cellist Yo-Yo Ma, pianistGabriela Montero, and clarinetistAnthony McGill. The quartet played live, but the music played simultaneously over speakers and on television was a recording made two days earlier due to concerns that the cold weather could damage the instruments. Perlman was quoted as saying: "It would have been a disaster if we had done it any other way."[33]

On November 2, 2018, Perlman reprised the 60th anniversary of his first appearance onThe Ed Sullivan Show as a guest onThe Late Show with Stephen Colbert.[34]

Teaching

In 1975, Perlman accepted a faculty post at the Conservatory of Music atBrooklyn College.[25] In 2003, he was named the Dorothy Richard Starling Foundation Chair in Violin Studies at the Juilliard School, succeeding his teacher,Dorothy DeLay.[35] He also teaches students one-on-one at the Perlman Music Program on Long Island, NY, rarely holding master classes.[25]

The Perlman Music Program

ThePerlman Music Program, founded in 1994 by Perlman's wife, Toby Perlman, and Suki Sandler, started as a summer camp for exceptional string musicians between the ages of 12 and 18.[36] Over time, it expanded to a yearlong program. Students have the chance to have Perlman coach them before they play at venues such as theSutton Place Synagogue and public schools.[37] By introducing students to each other and requiring them to practice together, the program strives to have musicians who would otherwise practice alone develop a network of friends and colleagues. Rather than remain isolated, participants in the program find an area where they belong.[38]

Instruments

Perlman plays theSoil Stradivarius violin of 1714, formerly owned byYehudi Menuhin and considered one of the finest violins made duringStradivari's "golden period".[25][39] Perlman also plays theGuarneri del Gesù 1743 'Sauret'.[39]

Personal life

Perlman lives in New York City with his wife, Toby, also a classically trained violinist. They met as students and married in 1967. They have five children, includingNavah Perlman, aconcert pianist andchamber musician.[25][40] Perlman is a distant cousin of the Canadian comic and television personalityHowie Mandel.[41] He hassynesthesia and was interviewed forTasting the Universe by Maureen Seaberg, which is about the condition.[42]

Discography

Perlman has recorded music in many genres.[43] In 2025,Deutsche Grammophon (DG) issued its complete 25 recordings with Perlman on the occasion of his 80th birthday.[44]

From 1960s

  • Prokofieff: Concerto No. 2 in G Minor / Sibelius: Concerto in D Minor (RCA Victor, 1967)
  • Franck: Sonata for Violin & Piano (Vladimir Ashkenazy) in A Major / Brahms: Trio for Violin, Horn (Barry Tuckwell) and Piano in E flat Major (London Records, 1969)[45]
  • Lalo: Symphonie Espagnole / Ravel: Tzigane (RCA Gold Seal, 1969)

From 1970s

  • Prokofiev: Sonatas for Violin and Piano, No. 1, Op. 80 / No. 2, Op. 94a (RCA Red Seal, 1969 & RCA Gold Seal, 1975)
  • The 24 Caprices, Op. 1 by Paganini (Angel Records, 1972)
  • Bach: Double Concerto in D Minor, Violin Concerto No. 2 in E, Violin Concerto in G Minor (Angel 1972)
  • Wieniawski: The Two Violin Concertos (Angel, 1973)
  • Bartok: Violin Concerto No. 2 (Angel, 1974)
  • Perpetual Motion (Angel, 1974)
  • Tchaikovsky: Violin Concerto / Dvořák: Romance (RCA Gold Seal, 1975)
  • Ravel; Saint-Saëns; Chausson (Angel, 1975)
  • Paganini; Giuliani: Duos for Violin & Guitar (John Williams) (CBS, 1976)
  • Sibelius Violin Concerto / Prokofieff Violin Concerto No. 2 (RCA, 1976)
  • Itzhak Perlman plays Stravinsky (1976)
  • Itzhak Perlman plays Fritz Kreisler (1976)
  • Itzhak Perlman plays Fritz Kreisler, Volume 2 (1977)
  • Goldmark: Violin Concerto No. 1 / Sarasate: Zigeunerweisen (Angel, 1977)
  • Bruch: Scottish Fantasy, Op. 46 / Violin Concerto No. 2 in D Minor, Op. 44 (Angel, 1977)
  • Duets for Two Violins (Angel, 1977)
  • Beethoven: Sonatas for Violin and Piano, Volume 4 (London Records, 1977)
  • Brahms: Violin Concerto (Angel, 1977)
  • Vieuxtemps: Violin Concertos No. 4 in D Minor / No.5 in A Minor (Angel, 1978)
  • First Recording of the Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto (Quintessence Records, 1978)
  • Tchaikovsky: Violin Concerto in D Major & Serenade Melancolique (Angel, 1979)
  • Virtuoso Violinist (Angel, 1979)
  • Berg: Violin Concerto (DG, 1979)[44]
  • Beethoven: Sonatas for Violin and Piano (London Records, 1979)
  • Encores (Angel, 1979)[45]
  • Dohnanyi: Serenade / Beethoven: Serenade (Columbia Masterworks, 1979)

From 1980s

  • The Spanish Album (Angel, 1980)
  • Itzhak Perlman plays Fritz Kreisler, Volume 3 (1980)
  • Berg: Violin Concerto / Stravinsky: Violin Concerto (DG, 1980)[44]
  • Itzhak Perlman & Pinchas Zukerman Play Music for Two Violins (1980)
  • Sibelius: Violin Concerto / Sinding: Suite in A Minor (Angel, 1980)
  • A Different Kind of Blues (EMI/Angel, 1980)
  • It's a Breeze (EMI/Angel, 1981)
  • Bartok Duos For Two Violins (Angel, 1981)
  • Itzhak Perlman (Great Performers series, 1981)
  • The Great Romantic Violin Concertos (Angel, 1981)
  • Beethoven: Violin Concerto, Op. 61 (EMI, 1981)
  • Korngold: Concerto in D / Conus: Concerto in E Minor (EMI, 1981)
  • Lalo: Symphonie Espagnole / Berlioz: Reverie Et Caprice (DG, 1981)[44]
  • The Two Violin Concertos by Prokofiev (Angel, 1982)
  • Elgar: Violin Concerto (DG, 1982)[44]
  • Beethoven: Violin Sonatas, Kreutzer - Spring (London Records, 1983)
  • Mozart: Violin Concertos Nos. 3 & 5 (DG, 1983)[44]
  • Saint-Saëns: Violin Concerto No. 3 / Wieniawski: Violin Concerto No.2 (DG, 1983)[44]
  • Lalo: Symphonie Espagnole / Saint-Saëns: Violin Concerto No.3 (DG, 1983)[44]
  • Bach: Double Concerto, with Isaac Stern (CBS Records, 1983)
  • Chausson: Concert for Violin, Piano and String Quartet (CBS Masterworks, 1983)
  • Kim: Violin Concerto / Starer: Violin Concerto (Angel, 1984)
  • Khatchaturian: Violin Concerto / Tchaikovsky: Meditation Op. 42, No. 1 (Angel, 1984)
  • Vivaldi: Four Violin Concertos (Angel, 1984)
  • Mozart: Violin Sonatas, K. 301, 302, 303 & 304 (DG, 1984)[44]
  • Mendelssohn: Concerto in E Minor / Concerto No. 1 in G Minor (Angel, 1984)
  • Bach: Violin Concertos in D Minor & G Minor / Concerto for Violin & Oboe in C Minor (Angel, 1984)
  • Brahms: The Sonatas for Violin and Piano / Sonatensatz / Four Hungarian Dances (Angel, 1985)
  • Dvořák: Sonatine in G, Four Romantic Pieces; Smetana: From My Homeland (Angel, 1985)
  • Mozart: Sinfonia Concertante K. 364 / Concertone K. 190 (DG, 1985)[44][45]
  • Violinkonzerte Nos. 3 & 4 by W.A. Mozart (1986)
  • Mozart: The 5 Violin Concertos (DG, 1986)[44]
  • Mozart: Violin Concerto No.1, Adagio K. 261, Rondo K. 373, Rondo K. 261a (DG, 1986)[44]
  • Tradition: Itzhak Perlman Plays Jewish Melodies (1987)
  • Tchaikovsky: Piano Trio in A Minor, Op. 50 (EMI, 1987)
  • My Favourite Kreisler (Angel, 1987)
  • Dvořák: Violin Concerto, Romance (EMI, 1987)
  • Bach: Sonatas and Partitas (EMI, 1988)
  • A Tribute To Jascha Heifetz (EMI, 1989)

From 1990s

  • Tchaikovsky: Violin Concerto (1990)
  • Saint-Saëns; Sarasate; Chausson / Ravel (DG, 1990)[44]
  • Brahms: The 3 Violin Sonatas (Sony Classical, 1990)
  • Mozart: Sonatas for Piano and Violin, K. 378, K. 379 & K. 380 (DG, 1990)[44]
  • 24 Caprices: Paganini (EMI, 1991)
  • Paganini: Violin Concerto No. 1 / Sarasate: Carmen Fantasy (EMI, 1991)
  • Mozart: Sonatas for Piano and Violin, K. 526 & K. 547 (DG, 1991)[44]
  • Vivaldi: Four Violin Concertos (EMI, 1991)
  • Vivaldi: The Four Seasons (EMI, 1991)
  • Mozart: Duos for Violin & Viola / Leclair: Sonata for 2 Violins (RCA Victor, 1991)
  • Vivaldi: The Four Seasons / 3 Violin Concertos (1992)
  • Castelnuovo-Tedesco & Ben-Haim: Violin Concertos (EMI, 1992)
  • Brahms: Violin Concerto (EMI, 1992)
  • The Art of Itzhak Perlman (1993)
  • Prokofiev: Violin Sonatas / Concerto No.2 (1994)
  • Bits and Pieces (EMI, 1994)
  • The American Album (EMI, 1994)
  • Dvořák in Prague: A Celebration (Sony Classical, 1994, and Kultur Video, 2007)
  • The American Album (1995)
  • In the Fiddler's House (1995)
  • A La Carte (EMI, 1995)
  • Wieniawski by Itzhak Perlman (EMI, 1995)
  • Live In The Fiddler's House (Angel, 1996)
  • Bruch: Violin Concerto No. 1 (EMI, 1997)
  • Cinema Serenade (Sony Classical, 1997)
  • Stravinsky: Violin Concerto / Prokofiev: Violin Concerto No. 2 (Teldec 1997)
  • Brahms: Double Concerto / Mendelssohn: Violin Concerto (Teldec 1997)
  • Holiday Tradition (1998)
  • Brahms: Violin Sonatas Nos. 1-3 (EMI, 1998)
  • Itzhak Perlman's Greatest Hits (EMI, 1998)
  • Concertos from My Childhood (EMI, 1999)

After 2000

  • Violin Concertos / Romance (RCA Red Seal 1968, BMG Classics, 2000)
  • Mozart: Violin Concerto No. 3 (EMI, 2002)
  • Classic Perlman - Rhapsody (2002)
  • Beethoven: The Violin Sonatas (Decca, 2002)
  • The Perlman Edition: Tradition (EMI, 2003)
  • Perlman Rediscovered (2004)
  • The Essential Itzhak Perlman (Sony Classical, 2009)
  • Eternal Echoes: Songs and Dances for the Soul (Sony Classical, 2012) withYitzchak Meir Helfgot
  • Itzhak Perlman & Emanuel Ax: Fauré & Strauss Violin Sonatas (Universal Music Classics, 2015)
  • The Perlman Sound (Warner Classics, 2015)[46]
  • Schumann – Bach – Brahms (Warner Classics, 2016)[46]
  • The Art of Itzhak Perlman (Sony Classical, 2016)

WithAndre Previn

  • The Easy Winners (Angel Records, 1975 / EMI, 1986)

WithPlacido Domingo

  • Together (EMI, 1991)

WithOscar Peterson

  • Side by Side (TELARC CD-83341 1994)

Honors and awards

References

  1. ^abcdefgh"Itzhak – Itzhak Perlman Biography".American Masters. PBS. October 4, 2018. RetrievedSeptember 18, 2019.
  2. ^abcdPredota, Georg (August 31, 2022)."On This Day 31 August: Itzhak Perlman Was Born".Interlude. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2023.
  3. ^"'I Woke Up and I Couldn't Walk': This is the Polio That should become Just a Memory".The Jerusalem Post. RetrievedMay 18, 2018.
  4. ^Lee, Ji Hyun (December 26, 2014)."How They Roll".The New York Times. RetrievedDecember 26, 2014.
  5. ^"Israeli Violin Prodigy Admits He Likes Jazz: But Doesn't Play It, Says Lad, 13, Who Overcame Polio to Become Noted Artist".Los Angeles Times. November 29, 1958. p. B1.ProQuest 167374800.
  6. ^"Perlman, Itzhak".Oxford Music Online. RetrievedOctober 1, 2011.
  7. ^Potter, Tully (January 20, 2001). "Perlman, Itzhak".Grove Music Online.doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.21349.
  8. ^"Perlman, Itzhak Biography: Contemporary Musicians". Enotes.com. RetrievedJuly 1, 2011.
  9. ^"Watch The Ed Sullivan Show Season 12 Episode 8 Itzhak Perlman / Carol Lawrence & Larry Kert / Film: Ed Sullivan Visits Jerusalem". Ovguide.com. Archived fromthe original on March 17, 2012. RetrievedJuly 1, 2011. Duration: 60 min
  10. ^"1965 May 09 Subscription".NY Phil Archives. May 9, 1965. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2024.
  11. ^"Boston Symphony Orchestra Eighty-Sixth Season 1966-1967: Eleventh Program".Archive.org. p. 645. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2024.
  12. ^"Itzhak Perlman: Virtuoso of the Violin".Academy of Achievement.
  13. ^"1965 May 09 / Subscription Season / Steinberg".Archives New York Philharmonic. May 9, 1965. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2024.
  14. ^"New York Philharmonic Daily Digital Archives".New York Phil. RetrievedJanuary 17, 2024.
  15. ^Cariaga, Daniel (July 12, 1991)."Music Review : Good News Follows Perlman to Bowl".Los Angeles Times.
  16. ^"The Los Angeles Philharmonic concludes its 2012 Summer Classical Season at the Hollywood Bowl with Itzhak Perlman pPerforming Tchaikovsky".LaPhil. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2024.
  17. ^Rosenberg, Donald (2000).The Cleveland Orchestra Story: "second to none". Gray. p. 365.ISBN 978-1-886228-24-5. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2024.
  18. ^"Classical Music: Chicago Plans 3 Subscription Pkgs".Billboard. Vol. 72. September 17, 1966.
  19. ^"Ravinia Festival Opens June 28".Musical Leader and Concert Goer.98 (9): 5. 1966.
  20. ^"Boston Symphony Orchestra Eighty-Sixth Season 1966-1967: Eleventh Program".Archive.org. p. 645. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2024.
  21. ^"Concert Annals: LONDON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA - 1964 - 1974".Orange Leaf.
  22. ^"WayBackWednesday".Twitter. Berlin Philharmoniker. May 25, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2024.
  23. ^"Itzhak Perlman".thirteen.org. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  24. ^"SALZBURG FESTIVAL ARCHIVE: Repertoire Archive 1972".Salzburger Festspiele. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2024.
  25. ^abcdeWinship, Frederick (March 28, 1982)."Violinist Itzhak Perlman / Family man par excellence pares down concert career".UPI. RetrievedAugust 31, 2025.
  26. ^"Liberty Receives Classical Salute, Sun Sentinel, July 5, 1986". Archived fromthe original on February 23, 2015.
  27. ^"John Denver and Itzhak Perlman playing Bluegrass".YouTube. December 30, 2011.
  28. ^Pincus, Andrew (2002).Musicians with a Mission: Keeping the Classical Tradition Alive. UPNE. p. 47.ISBN 9781555535162.
  29. ^"20 years later: Stars at the 2001 Academy Awards and after-parties".New York Daily News. April 21, 2021.
  30. ^"Itzhak Perlman at the Fox is the epitome of true mastery | The Spokesman-Review".www.spokesman.com. January 14, 2020.
  31. ^"Primo Artists".Primo Artists. RetrievedOctober 14, 2025.
  32. ^"News releases for May 2007".whitehouse.gov (Press release). May 7, 2007. RetrievedSeptember 4, 2007 – viaNational Archives.
  33. ^Quartet pre-recorded Obama music. BBC News (January 23, 2009).
  34. ^Norman Lebrecht (November 3, 2018)."60 Years On, Itzhak Perlman Reprises His Ed Sullivan Appearance". slippeddisc.com.
  35. ^"tzhak Perlman".Juilliard School. RetrievedAugust 31, 2025.
  36. ^"The Perlman Music Program: Toby's Project Grows and Grows". Strings. RetrievedOctober 1, 2011.
  37. ^"Perlmans' Proteges: The Perlman Music Program". Strings. RetrievedOctober 1, 2011.
  38. ^"Perlman Student Stirling Trent". Strings. RetrievedOctober 1, 2011.
  39. ^ab"Cozio.com – comprehensive information about antique Italian stringed instruments". Archived fromthe original on August 25, 2012. RetrievedOctober 16, 2012.
  40. ^Schleier, Curt (March 12, 2018)."Itzhak Perlman's inspiring musical journey, and 50-year marriage, in new film".The Times of Israel.ISSN 0040-7909. RetrievedSeptember 9, 2023.
  41. ^Brownfield, Paul (June 21, 1998)."New Afternoon Arrival".Los Angeles Times. RetrievedJuly 24, 2014.
  42. ^Seaberg, Maureen (2011).Tasting the Universe: People Who See Colors in Words and Rainbows in Symphonies. Red Wheel/Weiser.ISBN 978-1-60163-667-6.
  43. ^"Itzhak Perlman discography".AllMusic. 2025. RetrievedAugust 31, 2025.
  44. ^abcdefghijklmno"Itzhak Perlman / Complete Recordings on Deutsche Grammophon".Deutsche Grammophon. 2025. RetrievedAugust 31, 2025.
  45. ^abcHaylock, Julian (2015)."5 essential recordings by violinist Itzhak Perlman".The Strad. RetrievedAugust 31, 2025.
  46. ^ab"Itzhak Perlman".Warner. 2025. RetrievedAugust 31, 2025.
  47. ^"APS Member History".search.amphilsoc.org. RetrievedDecember 9, 2021.
  48. ^"Newsweek cover story 1980". Archived fromthe original on September 14, 2002. RetrievedMarch 25, 2008.
  49. ^ab"Perlman awards". Archived fromthe original on September 14, 2002. RetrievedMarch 25, 2008.
  50. ^"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement".www.achievement.org.American Academy of Achievement.
  51. ^"2005 Summit Highlights Photo". 2005.Itzhak Perlman, 2005 Academy guest of honor and legendary violinist and conductor, at Jazz at Lincoln Center.
  52. ^"President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom".whitehouse.gov. November 16, 2015. RetrievedNovember 16, 2015 – viaNational Archives.
  53. ^Phil Helsel –"Obama honoring Spielberg, Streisand and more with medal of freedom,"NBC News, November 24, 2015. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  54. ^"Genesis Prize". RetrievedMay 7, 2015.
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