| Itombwe owl | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Strigiformes |
| Family: | Tytonidae |
| Genus: | Tyto |
| Species: | T. prigoginei |
| Binomial name | |
| Tyto prigoginei (Schouteden, 1952) | |
| Synonyms | |
Phodilus prigogineiSchouteden, 1952 | |
TheItombwe owl (Tyto prigoginei) is a species ofowl in the barn owl family,Tytonidae. It is restricted to a small area in theAlbertine Rift montane forests.
The Itombwe owl was firstdescribed by the Belgium naturalistHenri Schouteden in 1952 and given thebinomial namePhodilus prigoginei, being placed in the genusPhodilus along with the two Asian bay owls, being referred to as theCongo bay owl orAfrican bay owl. The specific epithet was chosen in honour of the Russian-born mineralogist and ornithologistAlexandre Prigogine who had first brought the owl to Schouteden's attention.[3][4] The owl is not well known and has been treated as a race of theOriental bay owl, but this is now considered unlikely, and, in fact, the two species do not appear to be closely related. Even so, its inclusion inPhodilus is rather dubious, and genetic research is required. It is possible that this species may instead be placed in the genusTyto or even a separatemonotypic genus. In 2023, this species was classified intoTyto by theInternational Ornithological Congress on the basis of morphological similarities.[5][6]
The Itombwe owl is a small owl with chestnut brown on the upper-parts, black and white spots on the crown and nape, and reddish cream underparts. The only specimens known have been adult females, males and juveniles are therefore unknown.[7] It is smaller than typical barn owls and has a more U-shaped facial disk; its earlike feather tufts are hardly visible. Similar to the Oriental bay owl in plumage colour and pattern, its facial disc is heart-shaped like that of thewestern barn owl, and either resemblance may be due to convergence.[7][8]
Thetype specimen was collected at Muusi, at an altitude of 2,430m, in theItombwe Mountains in the easternDemocratic Republic of Congo in 1951.[9] It was then unconfirmed until a second individual was captured in a mist net in 1996 in the south east corner of theItombwe Mountains, some 95 km south of, and 600m, lower than the collection site of the type specimen.[10] In addition there was the recording in Rwanda mentioned above and a possible sighting inBurundi in 1974.
Both of the specimens captured were taken in similar habitat of montane forest interspersed with areas of grassland and stands ofbamboo.[8]
The biology of the Itombwe owl is almost completely unknown as is its population size or even its complete geographic range. Conservation efforts cannot start without this research. It is threatened by the clearing of its habitat forsmall scale agriculture as well as by logging, mining, wildfires and forest clearance.[11] The Itombwe Forest has recently been proposed as a community reserve, but its boundaries still require defining.[9] TheItombwe Nature Reserve was established, but enforcement has been lacking, as the expected development in infrastructure, tourism, and jobs did not materialize. Nonetheless, the forest remains relatively intact.[12]
