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TheItalo-Dalmatian languages, orCentral Romance languages, are a group ofRomance languages spoken inItaly,Corsica (France), and formerly inDalmatia (Croatia).

Italo-Dalmatian can be split into:^[1]

• Italo-Romance, which includes most central and southern Italian languages.
• Dalmatian Romance, which includesDalmatian andIstriot.

The generally accepted four branches of theRomance languages areWestern Romance, Italo-Dalmatian,Sardinian andEastern Romance. But there are other ways that the languages of Italo-Dalmatian can be classified in these branches:

• Italo-Dalmatian is sometimes included inEastern Romance (which includesRomanian), leading to: Western, Sardinian, and Eastern branches.
• Italo-Dalmatian is sometimes included inWestern Romance (which includes the Gallic and Iberian languages) asItalo-Western, leading to: Italo-Western, Sardinian, and Eastern branches.
• Italo-Romance is sometimes included in Italo-Western, with Dalmatian Romance included in Eastern Romance, leading to: Italo-Western, Sardinian, and Eastern branches.
• Corsican (from Italo-Dalmatian) andSardinian are sometimes included together asSouthern Romance, or Island Romance, leading to: Western, Italo-Dalmatian, Southern, and Eastern branches.

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Based on the criterion ofmutual intelligibility, Dalby lists four languages:Italian (Tuscan),Corsican,Neapolitan–Sicilian–Central Italian, andDalmatian.^[2]

• TheDalmatian language was spoken in theDalmatia region ofCroatia. It became extinct in the 19th century.
• TheIstriot language is a language spoken in the southwestern part ofIstrian peninsula inCroatia.

TheVenetian language is added to Italo-Dalmatian when excluded fromGallo-Italic,^[3] and then usually grouped with Istriot. However, Venetian is not grouped into the Italo-Dalmatian languages by Ethnologue^[4] and Glottolog,^[5] unlike Istriot.^[6][7] However, the major consensus among linguists is that in the dialectal landscape of northern Italy, Veneto dialects are clearly distinguished from Gallo-Italic dialects.^[3]

Italian is an official language inItaly,Switzerland,San Marino,Vatican City and westernIstria (inSlovenia andCroatia). It used to have official status inAlbania,Malta andMonaco, where it is still widely spoken, as well as in formerItalian East Africa andItalian North Africa regions where it plays a significant role in various sectors. Italian is also spoken by largeexpatriate communities in theAmericas andAustralia. The Italian language was initially and primarily based onFlorentine: it has been then deeply influenced by almost allregional languages of Italy while its received pronunciation (known asPronuncia Fiorentina Emendata, Amended Florentine Pronunciation) is based on theaccent of theRoman dialect; these are the reasons why Italian differs significantly fromTuscan and itsFlorentine variety.^[8]

• Tuscan: group of dialects spoken in the Italian region ofTuscany.
  • Northern Tuscan dialects:
    • Florentine is spoken in the city ofFlorence, and was the basis forStandard Italian.
    • Other dialects: Pistoiese; Pesciatino or Valdinievolese; Lucchese; Versiliese; Viareggino; Pisano-Livornese.
  • Southern Tuscan dialects:
    • Dialects of Aretino-Chianaiolo, Senese, Grossetano.

• Corsican: group of dialects spoken in the French island ofCorsica.
  • Corsican, spoken onCorsica, is thought to be descended from Medieval Tuscan.^[9] Tuscanization of the island's northern Corsican dialects in the past caused Corsican to be classified as Tuscan, but today this classification is more uncertain. Scholars have also noted continuity with Sardinian in the southern area of Corsica and assumed greater linguistic unity of the island prior to the Tuscan period, as well as identified concordances withsouthern Italian dialects andCentral Italian dialects.^[10]
  • Gallurese andSassarese, spoken on the northern tip of Sardinia, can be considered either dialects of Corsican or Corso-Sardinian transitional varieties.

Central Italian, or Latin–Umbrian–Marchegian and in Italian linguistics as "middle Italian dialects", is mainly spoken in the regions of:Lazio (which includesRome);Umbria; centralMarche; a small part ofAbruzzo andTuscany.

• Romanesco, spoken inRome, Lazio. As mentioned above, it is the basis of the accent of the received pronunciation in standard Italian.
• Tuscia or Viterbo: spoken in theProvince of Viterbo, Lazio.
• Central-Northern Lazian:^[11] spoken in the southern areas of theMetropolitan City of Rome Capital and the northern areas of the Provinces ofFrosinone andLatina Lazio.
• Umbrian: spoken inUmbria.
• Central Marchigiano: spoken in centralMarche.
• Sabino: spoken in the city ofL'Aquila (Abruzzo) and theProvince of Rieti (Lazio).

The "intermediate southern dialect group", is spoken in: southernMarche; southernmostLazio;Abruzzo;Molise;Campania (includingNaples);Basilicata; and the north of bothApulia andCalabria.

• The Campano dialects ofNeapolitan,Irpino, Southern Laziale: spoken inNaples andCampania; and southernLazio.
• Abruzzese–Southern Marchigiano: spoken in theAbruzzo region and southernMarche region.
• Molisan: spoken in theMolise region.
• Basilicatine (Lucanian): spoken in the region ofBasilicata, also known as Lucania.
• Pugliese or Apulian: spoken in the centre and north ofApulia.
• Cosentino, also known as or Northern Calabrian:^[12] spoken in theProvince of Cosenza, in northernCalabria.
• Vastese, spoken in the town ofVasto.

TheExtreme Southern Italian, known in Italian linguistics as the "extreme southern dialect group", is spoken on the island ofSicily; and in the south of bothCalabria andApulia.

• Sicilian, spoken on the island ofSicily: Western Sicilian; Central Metafonetica; Southeast Metafonetica; Ennese; Eastern Nonmetafonetica; Messinese.
  • Sicilian dialects on other islands: Isole Eolie, on the Aeolian Islands;Pantesco, on the island of Pantelleria.
• Calabro,^[12] or Central-Southern Calabrian:^[12] dialects are spoken in the central and southern areas of the region ofCalabria.
• Salentino, spoken in theSalento region of southernApulia.
• Southern Cilentan: spoken inRoccagloriosa andRofrano in southern tip ofCilento, which is southernProvince of Salerno, in the Campania region.
• Cilentan: spoken in Cilento, influenced by both Neapolitan language and Sicilian language.

• Languages of Italy
• Italian language
• Regional Italian

• Italo-Dalmatian languages
• Italo-Western languages

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