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Isotopes of ytterbium

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Main isotopes^[1]			Decay
Isotope	abundance	half-life(t_1/2)	mode	product
¹⁶⁶Yb	synth	56.7 h	ε	¹⁶⁶Tm
¹⁶⁸Yb	0.126%	stable
¹⁶⁹Yb	synth	32.014 d	ε	¹⁶⁹Tm
¹⁷⁰Yb	3.02%	stable
¹⁷¹Yb	14.2%	stable
¹⁷²Yb	21.8%	stable
¹⁷³Yb	16.1%	stable
¹⁷⁴Yb	31.9%	stable
¹⁷⁵Yb	synth	4.185 d	β⁻	¹⁷⁵Lu
¹⁷⁶Yb	12.9%	stable

Standard atomic weightA_r°(Yb)

173.045±0.010^[2]
173.05±0.02 (abridged)^[3]

Naturally occurringytterbium (₇₀Yb) is composed of seven stableisotopes:^{[n 1]}¹⁶⁸Yb,¹⁷⁰Yb–¹⁷⁴Yb, and¹⁷⁶Yb, with¹⁷⁴Yb being the most abundant (31.90%natural abundance). 30radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being¹⁶⁹Yb with ahalf-life of 32.014 days,¹⁷⁵Yb with a half-life of 4.185 days, and¹⁶⁶Yb with a half-life of 56.7 hours. All of the remainingradioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 2 hours, with the majority of them being less than 20 minutes. This element also has 18meta states, with the most stable being^169mYb (half-life 46 seconds).

The known isotopes of ytterbium range from¹⁴⁹Yb to¹⁸⁷Yb. The primarydecay mode before the most abundant stable isotope,¹⁷⁴Yb iselectron capture givingthulium isotopes; the primary mode after isbeta emission givinglutetium isotopes. Of interest^[why?] to modernquantum optics, the different ytterbium isotopes follow eitherBose–Einstein statistics orFermi–Dirac statistics, leading to different behavior inoptical lattices.

List of isotopes

[edit]

Nuclide ^{[n 2]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass(Da)^[4] ^{[n 3]}^{[n 4]}	Half-life^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Natural abundance(mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 2]}	Excitation energy^{[n 5]}			Half-life^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Normal proportion^[1]	Range of variation
¹⁴⁸Yb	70	78
¹⁴⁹Yb	70	79	148.96422(32)#	0.7(2) s	β⁺, p	¹⁴⁸Er	(1/2+)
¹⁴⁹Yb	70	79	148.96422(32)#	0.7(2) s	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁴⁹Tm	(1/2+)
¹⁵⁰Yb	70	80	149.95831(32)#	700# ms [>200 ns]	β⁺?	¹⁵⁰Tm	0+
¹⁵¹Yb	70	81	150.95540(32)	1.6(5) s	β⁺	¹⁵¹Tm	(1/2+)
¹⁵¹Yb	70	81	150.95540(32)	1.6(5) s	β⁺,p (rare)	¹⁵⁰Er	(1/2+)
^151m1Yb	740(100)# keV			1.6(5) s	β⁺	¹⁵¹Tm	(11/2−)
^151m1Yb	740(100)# keV			1.6(5) s	β⁺, p (rare)	¹⁵⁰Er	(11/2−)
^151m2Yb	2630(141)# keV			2.6(7) μs	IT	¹⁵¹Yb	19/2−#
^151m3Yb	3287(141)# keV			20(1) μs	IT	¹⁵¹Yb	27/2−#
¹⁵²Yb	70	82	151.95033(16)	3.03(6) s	β⁺	¹⁵²Tm	0+
^152mYb	2744.5(10) keV			30(1) μs	IT	¹⁵²Yb	(10+)
¹⁵³Yb	70	83	152.94937(22)#	4.2(2) s	β⁺	¹⁵³Tm	7/2−
¹⁵³Yb	70	83	152.94937(22)#	4.2(2) s	β⁺, p (0.008%)	¹⁵²Er	7/2−
^153mYb	2630(50)# keV			15(1) μs	IT	¹⁵³Yb	27/2−
¹⁵⁴Yb	70	84	153.946396(19)	0.409(2) s	α (92.6%)	¹⁵⁰Er	0+
¹⁵⁴Yb	70	84	153.946396(19)	0.409(2) s	β⁺ (7.4%)	¹⁵⁴Tm	0+
¹⁵⁵Yb	70	85	154.945783(18)	1.793(20) s	α (89%)	¹⁵¹Er	(7/2−)
¹⁵⁵Yb	70	85	154.945783(18)	1.793(20) s	β⁺ (11%)	¹⁵⁵Tm	(7/2−)
¹⁵⁶Yb	70	86	155.942817(10)	26.1(7) s	β⁺ (90%)	¹⁵⁶Tm	0+
¹⁵⁶Yb	70	86	155.942817(10)	26.1(7) s	α (10%)	¹⁵²Er	0+
¹⁵⁷Yb	70	87	156.942651(12)	38.6(10) s	β⁺	¹⁵⁷Tm	7/2−
¹⁵⁷Yb	70	87	156.942651(12)	38.6(10) s	α (rare)	¹⁵³Er	7/2−
¹⁵⁸Yb	70	88	157.939871(9)	1.49(13) min	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁵⁸Tm	0+
¹⁵⁸Yb	70	88	157.939871(9)	1.49(13) min	α (.0021%)	¹⁵⁴Er	0+
¹⁵⁹Yb	70	89	158.940060(19)	1.67(9) min	β⁺	¹⁵⁹Tm	5/2−
¹⁶⁰Yb	70	90	159.937559(6)	4.8(2) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁰Tm	0+
¹⁶¹Yb	70	91	160.937912(16)	4.2(2) min	β⁺	¹⁶¹Tm	3/2−
¹⁶²Yb	70	92	161.935779(16)	18.87(19) min	β⁺	¹⁶²Tm	0+
¹⁶³Yb	70	93	162.936345(16)	11.05(35) min	β⁺	¹⁶³Tm	3/2−
¹⁶⁴Yb	70	94	163.934501(16)	75.8(17) min	EC	¹⁶⁴Tm	0+
¹⁶⁵Yb	70	95	164.935270(28)	9.9(3) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁵Tm	5/2−
^165mYb	126.80(9) keV			300(30) ns	IT	¹⁶⁵Yb	9/2+
¹⁶⁶Yb	70	96	165.933876(8)	56.7(1) h	EC	¹⁶⁶Tm	0+
¹⁶⁷Yb	70	97	166.934954(4)	17.5(2) min	β⁺	¹⁶⁷Tm	5/2−
^167mYb	571.548(22) keV			~180 ns	IT	¹⁶⁷Yb	11/2−
¹⁶⁸Yb	70	98	167.93389130(10)	Observationally Stable^{[n 8]}			0+	0.00123(3)
¹⁶⁹Yb	70	99	168.93518421(19)	32.014(5) d	EC	¹⁶⁹Tm	7/2+
^169mYb	24.1999(16) keV			46(2) s	IT	¹⁶⁹Yb	1/2−
¹⁷⁰Yb	70	100	169.934767243(11)	Observationally Stable^{[n 9]}			0+	0.02982(39)
^170mYb	1258.46(14) keV			370(15) ns	IT	¹⁷⁰Yb	4−
¹⁷¹Yb	70	101	170.936331515(14)	Observationally Stable^{[n 10]}			1/2−	0.14086(140)
^171m1Yb	95.282(2) keV			5.25(24) ms	IT	¹⁷¹Yb	7/2+
^171m2Yb	122.416(2) keV			265(20) ns	IT	¹⁷¹Yb	5/2−
¹⁷²Yb	70	102	171.936386654(15)	Observationally Stable^{[n 11]}			0+	0.21686(130)
^172mYb	1550.43(6) keV			3.6(1) μs	IT	¹⁷²Yb	6−
¹⁷³Yb	70	103	172.938216212(12)	Observationally Stable^{[n 12]}			5/2−	0.16103(63)
^173mYb	398.9(5) keV			2.9(1) μs	IT	¹⁷³Yb	1/2−
¹⁷⁴Yb	70	104	173.938867546(12)	Observationally Stable^{[n 13]}			0+	0.32025(80)
^174m1Yb	1518.148(13) keV			830(40) μs	IT	¹⁷⁴Yb	6+
^174m2Yb	1765.2(5) keV			256(11) ns	IT	¹⁷⁴Yb	7−
¹⁷⁵Yb	70	105	174.94128191(8)	4.185(1) d	β⁻	¹⁷⁵Lu	7/2−
^175mYb	514.866(4) keV			68.2(3) ms	IT	¹⁷⁵Yb	1/2−
¹⁷⁶Yb	70	106	175.942574706(16)	Observationally Stable^{[n 14]}			0+	0.12995(83)
^176mYb	1049.8(6) keV			11.4(3) s	IT	¹⁷⁶Yb	8−
^176mYb	1049.8(6) keV			11.4(3) s	β⁻ (<10#%)	¹⁷⁶Lu	8−
¹⁷⁷Yb	70	107	176.94526385(24)	1.911(3) h	β⁻	¹⁷⁷Lu	9/2+
^177mYb	331.5(3) keV			6.41(2) s	IT	¹⁷⁷Yb	1/2−
¹⁷⁸Yb	70	108	177.946669(7)	74(3) min	β⁻	¹⁷⁸Lu	0+
¹⁷⁹Yb	70	109	178.94993(22)#	8.0(4) min	β⁻	¹⁷⁹Lu	(1/2−)
¹⁸⁰Yb	70	110	179.95199(32)#	2.4(5) min	β⁻	¹⁸⁰Lu	0+
¹⁸¹Yb	70	111	180.95589(32)#	1# min [>300 ns]	β⁻?	¹⁸¹Lu	3/2−#
¹⁸²Yb	70	112	181.95824(43)#	30# s [>300 ns]	β⁻?	¹⁸²Lu	0+
¹⁸³Yb	70	113	182.96243(43)#	30# s [>300 ns]	β⁻?	¹⁸³Lu	3/2−#
¹⁸⁴Yb	70	114	183.96500(54)#	7# s [>300 ns]	β⁻?	¹⁸⁴Lu	0+
¹⁸⁵Yb	70	115	184.96943(54)#	5# s [>300 ns]	β⁻?	¹⁸⁵Lu	9/2−#
¹⁸⁶Yb^[5]	70	116					0+
¹⁸⁷Yb^[5]	70	117
This table header & footer: view

^However, all seven of the isotopes areobservationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but decay has not been observed yet.
^^mYb – Excitednuclear isomer.
^( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^^a ^b ^c# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition
^Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^Believed to undergo α decay to¹⁶⁴Er or β⁺β⁺ decay to¹⁶⁸Er with ahalf-life over 130×10¹² years
^Believed to undergo α decay to¹⁶⁶Er
^Believed to undergo α decay to¹⁶⁷Er
^Believed to undergo α decay to¹⁶⁸Er
^Believed to undergo α decay to¹⁶⁹Er
^Believed to undergo α decay to¹⁷⁰Er
^Believed to undergo α decay to¹⁷²Er or β⁻β⁻ decay to¹⁷⁶Hf with a half-life over 160×10¹⁵ years

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eKondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021)."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"(PDF).Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^"Standard Atomic Weights: Ytterbium".CIAAW. 2015.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04)."Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603.ISSN 1365-3075.
^Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*".Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030003.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^^a ^bTarasov, O. B.; Gade, A.; Fukushima, K.; et al. (2024). "Observation of New Isotopes in the Fragmentation of¹⁹⁸Pt at FRIB".Physical Review Letters.132 (72501) 072501.Bibcode:2024PhRvL.132g2501T.doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.072501.OSTI 2309727.PMID 38427880.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties",Nuclear Physics A,729:3–128,Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003)."Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.75 (6):683–800.doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006)."Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.78 (11):2051–2066.doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised".International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties",Nuclear Physics A,729:3–128,Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center."NuDat 3.0 database".Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.).CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.).Boca Raton, Florida:CRC Press.ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

Isotopes of thechemical elements

Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Period	Hydrogen and alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals													Pnictogens	Chalcogens	Halogens	Noble gases
①	Isotopes § List H 1																	Isotopes § List He 2
②	Isotopes § List Li 3	Isotopes § List Be 4											Isotopes § List B 5	Isotopes § List C 6	Isotopes § List N 7	Isotopes § List O 8	Isotopes § List F 9	Isotopes § List Ne 10
③	Isotopes § List Na 11	Isotopes § List Mg 12											Isotopes § List Al 13	Isotopes § List Si 14	Isotopes § List P 15	Isotopes § List S 16	Isotopes § List Cl 17	Isotopes § List Ar 18
④	Isotopes § List K 19	Isotopes § List Ca 20	Isotopes § List Sc 21	Isotopes § List Ti 22	Isotopes § List V 23	Isotopes § List Cr 24	Isotopes § List Mn 25	Isotopes § List Fe 26	Isotopes § List Co 27	Isotopes § List Ni 28	Isotopes § List Cu 29	Isotopes § List Zn 30	Isotopes § List Ga 31	Isotopes § List Ge 32	Isotopes § List As 33	Isotopes § List Se 34	Isotopes § List Br 35	Isotopes § List Kr 36
⑤	Isotopes § List Rb 37	Isotopes § List Sr 38	Isotopes § List Y 39	Isotopes § List Zr 40	Isotopes § List Nb 41	Isotopes § List Mo 42	Isotopes § List Tc 43	Isotopes § List Ru 44	Isotopes § List Rh 45	Isotopes § List Pd 46	Isotopes § List Ag 47	Isotopes § List Cd 48	Isotopes § List In 49	Isotopes § List Sn 50	Isotopes § List Sb 51	Isotopes § List Te 52	Isotopes § List I 53	Isotopes § List Xe 54
⑥	Isotopes § List Cs 55	Isotopes § List Ba 56	Isotopes § List Lu 71	Isotopes § List Hf 72	Isotopes § List Ta 73	Isotopes § List W 74	Isotopes § List Re 75	Isotopes § List Os 76	Isotopes § List Ir 77	Isotopes § List Pt 78	Isotopes § List Au 79	Isotopes § List Hg 80	Isotopes § List Tl 81	Isotopes § List Pb 82	Isotopes § List Bi 83	Isotopes § List Po 84	Isotopes § List At 85	Isotopes § List Rn 86
⑦	Isotopes § List Fr 87	Isotopes § List Ra 88	Isotopes § List Lr 103	Isotopes § List Rf 104	Isotopes § List Db 105	Isotopes § List Sg 106	Isotopes § List Bh 107	Isotopes § List Hs 108	Isotopes § List Mt 109	Isotopes § List Ds 110	Isotopes § List Rg 111	Isotopes § List Cn 112	Isotopes § List Nh 113	Isotopes § List Fl 114	Isotopes § List Mc 115	Isotopes § List Lv 116	Isotopes § List Ts 117	Isotopes § List Og 118
⑧	Isotopes § List Uue 119	Isotopes § List Ubn 120

			Isotopes § List La 57	Isotopes § List Ce 58	Isotopes § List Pr 59	Isotopes § List Nd 60	Isotopes § List Pm 61	Isotopes § List Sm 62	Isotopes § List Eu 63	Isotopes § List Gd 64	Isotopes § List Tb 65	Isotopes § List Dy 66	Isotopes § List Ho 67	Isotopes § List Er 68	Isotopes § List Tm 69	Isotopes § List Yb 70
			Isotopes § List Ac 89	Isotopes § List Th 90	Isotopes § List Pa 91	Isotopes § List U 92	Isotopes § List Np 93	Isotopes § List Pu 94	Isotopes § List Am 95	Isotopes § List Cm 96	Isotopes § List Bk 97	Isotopes § List Cf 98	Isotopes § List Es 99	Isotopes § List Fm 100	Isotopes § List Md 101	Isotopes § List No 102

Authority control databases: National	United States Israel

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