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Isotopes of strontium

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Isotopes ofstrontium (₃₈Sr)

Main isotopes^[1]			Decay
Isotope	abundance	half-life(t_1/2)	mode	product
⁸²Sr	synth	25.35 d	ε	⁸²Rb
⁸³Sr	synth	32.41 h	β⁺	⁸³Rb
⁸⁴Sr	0.56%	stable
⁸⁵Sr	synth	64.846 d	ε	⁸⁵Rb
⁸⁶Sr	9.86%	stable
⁸⁷Sr	7%	stable
⁸⁸Sr	82.6%	stable
⁸⁹Sr	synth	50.56 d	β⁻	⁸⁹Y
⁹⁰Sr	trace	28.91 y	β⁻	⁹⁰Y

Standard atomic weightA_r°(Sr)

87.62±0.01^[2]
87.62±0.01 (abridged)^[3]

Thealkaline earth metal strontium (₃₈Sr) has four stable, naturally occurringisotopes:⁸⁴Sr (0.56%),⁸⁶Sr (9.86%),⁸⁷Sr (7.0%) and⁸⁸Sr (82.58%), giving it astandard atomic weight of 87.62.

Only⁸⁷Sr isradiogenic; it is produced by decay from theradioactive alkali metal⁸⁷Rb, which has ahalf-life of 4.97 × 10¹⁰ years (i.e. more than three times longer than the currentage of the universe). Thus, there are two sources of⁸⁷Sr in any material: primordial, formed during nucleosynthesis along with⁸⁴Sr,⁸⁶Sr and⁸⁸Sr; and that formed by radioactive decay of⁸⁷Rb. The ratio⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr is the parameter typically reported ingeologic investigations;^[4] ratios in minerals androcks have values ranging from about 0.7 to greater than 4.0 (seerubidium–strontium dating). Because strontium has anelectron configuration similar to that ofcalcium, it readily substitutes for calcium inminerals.

In addition to the four stable isotopes, thirty-two unstable isotopes of strontium are known to exist, ranging from⁷³Sr to¹⁰⁸Sr. Radioactive isotopes of strontium primarily decay into the neighbouring elementsyttrium (⁸⁹Sr and heavier isotopes, viabeta minus decay) andrubidium (⁸⁵Sr,⁸³Sr and lighter isotopes, viapositron emission orelectron capture). The longest-lived of these isotopes, are⁹⁰Sr with a half-life of 28.91 years,⁸⁵Sr at 64.846 days,⁸⁹Sr at 50.56 days, and⁸²Sr at 25.35 days. All other strontium isotopes have half-lives shorter than 10 hours, most under 10 minutes.

Strontium-89 is an artificial radioisotope used in treatment of bone cancer;^[5] this application utilizes its chemical similarity to calcium, which allows it to substitute calcium in bone structures. In circumstances where cancer patients have widespread and painful bonymetastases, the administration of⁸⁹Sr results in the delivery ofbeta particles directly to the cancerous portions of the bone, where calcium turnover is greatest.

Strontium-90 is a by-product ofnuclear fission, present innuclear fallout. The1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident contaminated a vast area with⁹⁰Sr.^[6] It causes health problems, as it substitutes for calcium inbone, giving it a long lifetime in the body. Because it is a long-lived high-energybeta emitter, it is used in SNAP (Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power) devices. These devices hold promise for use inspacecraft, remote weather stations, navigational buoys, etc., where a lightweight, long-lived, nuclear-electric power source is required.

In 2020, researchers have found thatmirror nuclides⁷³Sr and⁷³Br were found to not behave identically to each other as expected.^[7]

List of isotopes

[edit]

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass(Da)^[8] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Natural abundance(mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy			Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Normal proportion^[1]	Range of variation
⁷³Sr	38	35	72.96570(43)#	25.3(14) ms	β⁺,p (63%)	⁷²Kr	(5/2−)
⁷³Sr	38	35	72.96570(43)#	25.3(14) ms	β⁺ (37%)	⁷³Rb	(5/2−)
⁷⁴Sr	38	36	73.95617(11)#	27.6(26) ms	β⁺	⁷⁴Rb	0+
⁷⁵Sr	38	37	74.94995(24)	85.2(23) ms	β⁺ (94.8%)	⁷⁵Rb	(3/2−)
⁷⁵Sr	38	37	74.94995(24)	85.2(23) ms	β⁺, p (5.2%)	⁷⁴Kr	(3/2−)
⁷⁶Sr	38	38	75.941763(37)	7.89(7) s	β⁺	⁷⁶Rb	0+
⁷⁶Sr	38	38	75.941763(37)	7.89(7) s	β⁺, p (0.0034%)	⁷⁵Kr	0+
⁷⁷Sr	38	39	76.9379455(85)	9.0(2) s	β⁺ (99.92%)	⁷⁷Rb	5/2+
⁷⁷Sr	38	39	76.9379455(85)	9.0(2) s	β⁺, p (0.08%)	⁷⁶Kr	5/2+
⁷⁸Sr	38	40	77.9321800(80)	156.1(27) s	β⁺	⁷⁸Rb	0+
⁷⁹Sr	38	41	78.9297047(80)	2.25(10) min	β⁺	⁷⁹Rb	3/2−
⁸⁰Sr	38	42	79.9245175(37)	106.3(15) min	β⁺	⁸⁰Rb	0+
⁸¹Sr	38	43	80.9232114(34)	22.3(4) min	β⁺	⁸¹Rb	1/2−
^81m1Sr	79.23(4) keV			390(50) ns	IT	⁸¹Sr	(5/2)−
^81m2Sr	89.05(7) keV			6.4(5) μs			(7/2+)
⁸²Sr	38	44	81.9183998(64)	25.35(3) d	EC	⁸²Rb	0+
⁸³Sr	38	45	82.9175544(73)	32.41(3) h	β⁺	⁸³Rb	7/2+
^83mSr	259.15(9) keV			4.95(12) s	IT	⁸³Sr	1/2−
⁸⁴Sr	38	46	83.9134191(13)	Observationally Stable^{[n 9]}			0+	0.0056(2)
⁸⁵Sr	38	47	84.9129320(30)	64.846(6) d	EC	⁸⁵Rb	9/2+
^85mSr	238.79(5) keV			67.63(4) min	IT (86.6%)	⁸⁵Sr	1/2−
^85mSr	238.79(5) keV			67.63(4) min	β⁺ (13.4%)	⁸⁵Rb	1/2−
⁸⁶Sr	38	48	85.9092607247(56)	Stable			0+	0.0986(20)
^86mSr	2956.09(12) keV			455(7) ns	IT	⁸⁶Sr	8+
⁸⁷Sr^{[n 10]}	38	49	86.9088774945(55)	Stable			9/2+	0.0700(20)
^87mSr	388.5287(23) keV			2.805(9) h	IT (99.70%)	⁸⁷Sr	1/2−
^87mSr	388.5287(23) keV			2.805(9) h	EC (0.30%)	⁸⁷Rb	1/2−
⁸⁸Sr^{[n 11]}	38	50	87.905612253(6)	Stable			0+	0.8258(35)
⁸⁹Sr^{[n 11]}	38	51	88.907450808(98)	50.563(25) d	β⁻	⁸⁹Y	5/2+
⁹⁰Sr^{[n 11]}	38	52	89.9077279(16)	28.91(3) y	β⁻	⁹⁰Y	0+
⁹¹Sr	38	53	90.9101959(59)	9.65(6) h	β⁻	⁹¹Y	5/2+
⁹²Sr	38	54	91.9110382(37)	2.611(17) h	β⁻	⁹²Y	0+
⁹³Sr	38	55	92.9140243(81)	7.43(3) min	β⁻	⁹³Y	5/2+
⁹⁴Sr	38	56	93.9153556(18)	75.3(2) s	β⁻	⁹⁴Y	0+
⁹⁵Sr	38	57	94.9193583(62)	23.90(14) s	β⁻	⁹⁵Y	1/2+
⁹⁶Sr	38	58	95.9217190(91)	1.059(8) s	β⁻	⁹⁶Y	0+
⁹⁷Sr	38	59	96.9263756(36)	432(4) ms	β⁻ (99.98%)	⁹⁷Y	1/2+
⁹⁷Sr	38	59	96.9263756(36)	432(4) ms	β⁻,n (0.02%)	⁹⁶Y	1/2+
^97m1Sr	308.13(11) keV			175.2(21) ns	IT	⁹⁷Sr	7/2+
^97m2Sr	830.83(23) keV			513(5) ns	IT	⁹⁷Sr	(9/2+)
⁹⁸Sr	38	60	97.9286926(35)	653(2) ms	β⁻ (99.77%)	⁹⁸Y	0+
⁹⁸Sr	38	60	97.9286926(35)	653(2) ms	β⁻, n (0.23%)	⁹⁷Y	0+
⁹⁹Sr	38	61	98.9328836(51)	269.2(10) ms	β⁻ (99.90%)	⁹⁹Y	3/2+
⁹⁹Sr	38	61	98.9328836(51)	269.2(10) ms	β⁻, n (0.100%)	⁹⁸Y	3/2+
¹⁰⁰Sr	38	62	99.9357833(74)	202.1(17) ms	β⁻ (98.89%)	¹⁰⁰Y	0+
¹⁰⁰Sr	38	62	99.9357833(74)	202.1(17) ms	β⁻, n (1.11%)	⁹⁹Y	0+
^100mSr	1618.72(20) keV			122(9) ns	IT	¹⁰⁰Sr	(4−)
¹⁰¹Sr	38	63	100.9406063(91)	113.7(17) ms	β⁻ (97.25%)	¹⁰¹Y	(5/2−)
¹⁰¹Sr	38	63	100.9406063(91)	113.7(17) ms	β⁻, n (2.75%)	¹⁰⁰Y	(5/2−)
¹⁰²Sr	38	64	101.944005(72)	69(6) ms	β⁻ (94.5%)	¹⁰²Y	0+
¹⁰²Sr	38	64	101.944005(72)	69(6) ms	β⁻, n (5.5%)	¹⁰¹Y	0+
¹⁰³Sr	38	65	102.94924(22)#	53(10) ms	β⁻	¹⁰³Y	5/2+#
¹⁰⁴Sr	38	66	103.95302(32)#	50.6(42) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁴Y	0+
¹⁰⁵Sr	38	67	104.95900(54)#	39(5) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁵Y	5/2+#
¹⁰⁶Sr	38	68	105.96318(64)#	21(8) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁶Y	0+
¹⁰⁷Sr	38	69	106.96967(75)#	25# ms [>400 ns]			1/2+#
¹⁰⁸Sr^[9]	38	70
This table header & footer: view

^^mSr – Excitednuclear isomer.
^( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^^a ^b# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition
n: Neutron emission
p: Proton emission
^Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
^Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^Believed to decay by β⁺β⁺ to⁸⁴Kr
^Used inrubidium–strontium dating
^^a ^b ^cFission product

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eKondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021)."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"(PDF).Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^"Standard Atomic Weights: Strontium".CIAAW. 1969.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04)."Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603.ISSN 1365-3075.
^Dickin, Alan P. (2018).Radiogenic Isotope Geology (3 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-1-107-09944-9.
^Reddy, Eashwer K.; Robinson, Ralph G.; Mansfield, Carl M. (January 1986)."Strontium 89 for Palliation of Bone Metastases".Journal of the National Medical Association.78 (1):27–32.ISSN 0027-9684.PMC 2571189.PMID 2419578.
^Wilken, R.D.; Diehl, R. (1987)."Strontium-90 in environmental samples from Northern Germany before and after the Chernobyl accident".Radiochimica Acta.41 (4):157–162.doi:10.1524/ract.1987.41.4.157.S2CID 99369165.
^"Discovery by UMass Lowell-led team challenges nuclear theory".Space Daily. Retrieved2022-06-26.
^Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*".Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030003.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^Sumikama, T.; et al. (2021)."Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of¹¹⁰Zr".Physical Review C.103 (1) 014614.Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S.doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614.hdl:10261/260248.S2CID 234019083.

Isotopes of thechemical elements

Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Period	Hydrogen and alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals													Pnictogens	Chalcogens	Halogens	Noble gases
①	Isotopes § List H 1																	Isotopes § List He 2
②	Isotopes § List Li 3	Isotopes § List Be 4											Isotopes § List B 5	Isotopes § List C 6	Isotopes § List N 7	Isotopes § List O 8	Isotopes § List F 9	Isotopes § List Ne 10
③	Isotopes § List Na 11	Isotopes § List Mg 12											Isotopes § List Al 13	Isotopes § List Si 14	Isotopes § List P 15	Isotopes § List S 16	Isotopes § List Cl 17	Isotopes § List Ar 18
④	Isotopes § List K 19	Isotopes § List Ca 20	Isotopes § List Sc 21	Isotopes § List Ti 22	Isotopes § List V 23	Isotopes § List Cr 24	Isotopes § List Mn 25	Isotopes § List Fe 26	Isotopes § List Co 27	Isotopes § List Ni 28	Isotopes § List Cu 29	Isotopes § List Zn 30	Isotopes § List Ga 31	Isotopes § List Ge 32	Isotopes § List As 33	Isotopes § List Se 34	Isotopes § List Br 35	Isotopes § List Kr 36
⑤	Isotopes § List Rb 37	Isotopes § List Sr 38	Isotopes § List Y 39	Isotopes § List Zr 40	Isotopes § List Nb 41	Isotopes § List Mo 42	Isotopes § List Tc 43	Isotopes § List Ru 44	Isotopes § List Rh 45	Isotopes § List Pd 46	Isotopes § List Ag 47	Isotopes § List Cd 48	Isotopes § List In 49	Isotopes § List Sn 50	Isotopes § List Sb 51	Isotopes § List Te 52	Isotopes § List I 53	Isotopes § List Xe 54
⑥	Isotopes § List Cs 55	Isotopes § List Ba 56	Isotopes § List Lu 71	Isotopes § List Hf 72	Isotopes § List Ta 73	Isotopes § List W 74	Isotopes § List Re 75	Isotopes § List Os 76	Isotopes § List Ir 77	Isotopes § List Pt 78	Isotopes § List Au 79	Isotopes § List Hg 80	Isotopes § List Tl 81	Isotopes § List Pb 82	Isotopes § List Bi 83	Isotopes § List Po 84	Isotopes § List At 85	Isotopes § List Rn 86
⑦	Isotopes § List Fr 87	Isotopes § List Ra 88	Isotopes § List Lr 103	Isotopes § List Rf 104	Isotopes § List Db 105	Isotopes § List Sg 106	Isotopes § List Bh 107	Isotopes § List Hs 108	Isotopes § List Mt 109	Isotopes § List Ds 110	Isotopes § List Rg 111	Isotopes § List Cn 112	Isotopes § List Nh 113	Isotopes § List Fl 114	Isotopes § List Mc 115	Isotopes § List Lv 116	Isotopes § List Ts 117	Isotopes § List Og 118
⑧	Isotopes § List Uue 119	Isotopes § List Ubn 120

			Isotopes § List La 57	Isotopes § List Ce 58	Isotopes § List Pr 59	Isotopes § List Nd 60	Isotopes § List Pm 61	Isotopes § List Sm 62	Isotopes § List Eu 63	Isotopes § List Gd 64	Isotopes § List Tb 65	Isotopes § List Dy 66	Isotopes § List Ho 67	Isotopes § List Er 68	Isotopes § List Tm 69	Isotopes § List Yb 70
			Isotopes § List Ac 89	Isotopes § List Th 90	Isotopes § List Pa 91	Isotopes § List U 92	Isotopes § List Np 93	Isotopes § List Pu 94	Isotopes § List Am 95	Isotopes § List Cm 96	Isotopes § List Bk 97	Isotopes § List Cf 98	Isotopes § List Es 99	Isotopes § List Fm 100	Isotopes § List Md 101	Isotopes § List No 102