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Isotopes of rhodium

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Main isotopes^[1]			Decay
Isotope	abundance	half-life(t_1/2)	mode	product
⁹⁹Rh	synth	16.1 d	β⁺	⁹⁹Ru
¹⁰⁰Rh	synth	20.8 h	β⁺	¹⁰⁰Ru
¹⁰¹Rh	synth	4.07 y	ε	¹⁰¹Ru
^101mRh	synth	4.343 d	ε	¹⁰¹Ru
^101mRh	synth	4.343 d	IT	¹⁰¹Rh
¹⁰²Rh	synth	207 d	β⁺	¹⁰²Ru
¹⁰²Rh	synth	207 d	β⁻	¹⁰²Pd
^102mRh	synth	3.742 y	β⁺	¹⁰²Ru
^102mRh	synth	3.742 y	IT	¹⁰²Rh
¹⁰³Rh	100%	stable
¹⁰⁵Rh	synth	35.34 h	β⁻	¹⁰⁵Pd

Standard atomic weightA_r°(Rh)

102.90549±0.00002^[2]
102.91±0.01 (abridged)^[3]

Naturally occurringrhodium (₄₅Rh) is composed of only one stableisotope,¹⁰³Rh.^[4] The most stableradioisotopes are¹⁰¹Rh with ahalf-life of 4.07 years,¹⁰²Rh with ahalf-life of 207 days, and⁹⁹Rh with a half-life of 16.1 days. Thirty other radioisotopes have been characterized ranging from⁸⁹Rh to¹²²Rh - these have half-lives that are less than an hour except¹⁰⁰Rh (20.8 hours) and¹⁰⁵Rh (35.34 hours). There are also numerousmeta states with the most stable being^102mRh with a half-life of 3.74 years and^101mRh with a half-life of 4.34 days.

The primarydecay mode before the only stable isotope,¹⁰³Rh, iselectron capture toruthenium isotopes, and the primary mode after isbeta emission topalladium isotopes. Mass numbers 102 and 104 are capable of decay in either sense.

List of isotopes

[edit]

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass(Da)^[5] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 4]}			Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
⁹⁰Rh	45	45	89.94457(22)#	29(3) ms	β⁺	⁹⁰Ru	(0+)
⁹⁰Rh	45	45	89.94457(22)#	29(3) ms	β⁺,p? (<0.7%)	⁸⁹Tc	(0+)
^90mRh^{[n 8]}	0(500)# keV			0.56(2) s	β⁺ (90.4%)	⁹⁰Ru	(7+)
^90mRh^{[n 8]}	0(500)# keV			0.56(2) s	β⁺, p (9.6%)	⁸⁹Tc	(7+)
⁹¹Rh	45	46	90.93712(32)#	1.47(22) s	β⁺ (98.7%)	⁹¹Ru	(9/2+)
⁹¹Rh	45	46	90.93712(32)#	1.47(22) s	β⁺, p (1.3%)	⁹⁰Tc	(9/2+)
^91mRh	172.9(4) keV			1.8# s	β⁺?	⁹¹Ru	1/2−#
					β⁺, p?	⁹⁰Tc
					IT?	⁹¹Rh
⁹²Rh	45	47	91.9323677(47)	5.61(8) s	β⁺ (97.95%)	⁹²Ru	(6+)
⁹²Rh	45	47	91.9323677(47)	5.61(8) s	β⁺, p (2.05%)	⁹¹Tc	(6+)
^92m1Rh	50(100)# keV			3.18(22) s	β⁺ (98.3%)	⁹²Ru	(2+)
^92m1Rh	50(100)# keV			3.18(22) s	β⁺, p (1.7%)	⁹¹Tc	(2+)
^92m2Rh	105(100)# keV			232(15) ns	IT	⁹²Rh	(4+)
⁹³Rh	45	48	92.9259128(28)	13.9(16) s	β⁺	⁹³Ru	9/2+#
⁹⁴Rh	45	49	93.9217305(36)	70.6(6) s	β⁺ (98.2%)	⁹⁴Ru	(4+)
⁹⁴Rh	45	49	93.9217305(36)	70.6(6) s	β⁺, p (1.8%)	⁹³Tc	(4+)
^94m1Rh	54.60(20)# keV			480(30) ns	IT	⁹⁴Rh	(2+)
^94m2Rh^{[n 8]}	300(200)# keV			25.8(2) s	β⁺	⁹⁴Ru	(8+)
⁹⁵Rh	45	50	94.9158979(42)	5.02(10) min	β⁺	⁹⁵Ru	(9/2)+
^95mRh	543.3(3) keV			1.96(4) min	IT (88%)	⁹⁵Rh	(1/2)−
^95mRh	543.3(3) keV			1.96(4) min	β⁺ (12%)	⁹⁵Ru	(1/2)−
⁹⁶Rh	45	51	95.914452(11)	9.90(10) min	β⁺	⁹⁶Ru	6+
^96mRh	51.98(9) keV			1.51(2) min	IT (60%)	⁹⁶Rh	3+
^96mRh	51.98(9) keV			1.51(2) min	β⁺ (40%)	⁹⁶Ru	3+
⁹⁷Rh	45	52	96.911328(38)	30.7(6) min	β⁺	⁹⁷Ru	9/2+
^97mRh	258.76(18) keV			46.2(16) min	β⁺ (94.4%)	⁹⁷Ru	1/2−
^97mRh	258.76(18) keV			46.2(16) min	IT (5.6%)	⁹⁷Rh	1/2−
⁹⁸Rh	45	53	97.910708(13)	8.72(12) min	β⁺	⁹⁸Ru	(2)+
^98mRh^{[n 8]}	56.3(10) keV			3.6(2) min	IT (89%)	⁹⁸Rh	(5+)
^98mRh^{[n 8]}	56.3(10) keV			3.6(2) min	β⁺ (11%)	⁹⁸Ru	(5+)
⁹⁹Rh	45	54	98.908121(21)	16.1(2) d	β⁺	⁹⁹Ru	1/2−
^99mRh	64.4(5) keV			4.7(1) h	β⁺	⁹⁹Ru	9/2+
^99mRh	64.4(5) keV			4.7(1) h	IT?	⁹⁹Rh	9/2+
¹⁰⁰Rh	45	55	99.908114(19)	20.8(1) h	EC (95.1%)	¹⁰⁰Ru	1−
¹⁰⁰Rh	45	55	99.908114(19)	20.8(1) h	β⁺ (4.9%)	¹⁰⁰Ru	1−
^100m1Rh	74.782(14) keV			214.0(20) ns	IT	¹⁰⁰Rh	(2)+
^100m2Rh	107.6(2) keV			4.6(2) min	IT (98.3%)	¹⁰⁰Rh	(5+)
^100m2Rh	107.6(2) keV			4.6(2) min	β⁺ (1.7%)	¹⁰⁰Ru	(5+)
^100m3Rh	219.61(22) keV			130(10) ns	IT	¹⁰⁰Rh	(7+)
¹⁰¹Rh	45	56	100.9061589(63)	4.07(5) y	EC	¹⁰¹Ru	1/2−
^101mRh	157.32(3) keV			4.343(10) d	EC (92.80%)	¹⁰¹Ru	9/2+
^101mRh	157.32(3) keV			4.343(10) d	IT (7.20%)	¹⁰¹Rh	9/2+
¹⁰²Rh	45	57	101.9068343(69)	207.0(15) d	β⁺ (78%)	¹⁰²Ru	2−
¹⁰²Rh	45	57	101.9068343(69)	207.0(15) d	β⁻ (22%)	¹⁰²Pd	2−
^102mRh	140.73(9) keV			3.742(10) y	β⁺ (99.77%)	¹⁰²Ru	6+
^102mRh	140.73(9) keV			3.742(10) y	IT (0.233%)	¹⁰²Rh	6+
¹⁰³Rh^{[n 9]}	45	58	102.9054941(25)	Stable			1/2−	1.0000
^103mRh^{[n 9]}	39.753(6) keV			56.114(9) min	IT	¹⁰³Rh	7/2+
¹⁰⁴Rh	45	59	103.9066453(25)	42.3(4) s	β⁻ (99.55%)	¹⁰⁴Pd	1+
¹⁰⁴Rh	45	59	103.9066453(25)	42.3(4) s	β⁺ (0.45%)	¹⁰⁴Ru	1+
^104mRh	128.9679(5) keV			4.34(3) min	IT (99.87%)	¹⁰⁴Rh	5+
^104mRh	128.9679(5) keV			4.34(3) min	β⁻ (0.13%)	¹⁰⁴Pd	5+
¹⁰⁵Rh^{[n 9]}	45	60	104.9056878(27)	35.341(19) h	β⁻	¹⁰⁵Pd	7/2+
^105mRh^{[n 9]}	129.742(4) keV			42.8(3) s	IT	¹⁰⁵Rh	1/2−
¹⁰⁶Rh^{[n 9]}	45	61	105.9072859(58)	30.07(35) s	β⁻	¹⁰⁶Pd	1+
^106mRh	132(11) keV			131(2) min	β⁻	¹⁰⁶Pd	(6)+
¹⁰⁷Rh	45	62	106.906748(13)	21.7(4) min	β⁻	¹⁰⁷Pd	7/2+
^107mRh	268.36(4) keV			>10 μs	IT	¹⁰⁷Rh	1/2−
¹⁰⁸Rh	45	63	107.908715(15)	16.8(5) s	β⁻	¹⁰⁸Pd	1+
^108mRh	115(18) keV			6.0(3) min	β⁻	¹⁰⁸Pd	(5+)
¹⁰⁹Rh	45	64	108.9087496(43)	80.8(7) s	β⁻	¹⁰⁹Pd	7/2+
^109mRh	225.873(19) keV			1.66(4) μs	IT	¹⁰⁹Rh	3/2+
¹¹⁰Rh	45	65	109.911080(19)	3.35(12) s	β⁻	¹¹⁰Pd	(1+)
^110mRh^{[n 8]}	220(150)# keV			28.5(13) s	β⁻	¹¹⁰Pd	(6+)
¹¹¹Rh	45	66	110.9116432(74)	11(1) s	β⁻	¹¹¹Pd	(7/2+)
¹¹²Rh	45	67	111.914405(47)	3.4(4) s	β⁻	¹¹²Pd	(1+)
^112mRh	340(70) keV			6.73(15) s	β⁻	¹¹²Pd	(6+)
¹¹³Rh	45	68	112.9154402(77)	2.80(12) s	β⁻	¹¹³Pd	(7/2+)
¹¹⁴Rh	45	69	113.918722(77)	1.85(5) s	β⁻	¹¹⁴Pd	1+
^114mRh^{[n 8]}	200(150)# keV			1.85(5) s	β⁻	¹¹⁴Pd	(7−)
¹¹⁵Rh	45	70	114.9203116(79)	1.03(3) s	β⁻	¹¹⁵Pd	(7/2+)
¹¹⁵Rh	45	70	114.9203116(79)	1.03(3) s	β⁻, n?	¹¹⁴Pd	(7/2+)
¹¹⁶Rh	45	71	115.924062(79)	685(39) ms	β⁻ (>97.9%)	¹¹⁶Pd	1+
¹¹⁶Rh	45	71	115.924062(79)	685(39) ms	β⁻, n? (<2.1%)	¹¹⁵Pd	1+
^116mRh^{[n 8]}	200(150)# keV			570(50) ms	β⁻ (>97.9%)	¹¹⁶Pd	(6−)
^116mRh^{[n 8]}	200(150)# keV			570(50) ms	β⁻, n? (<2.1%)	¹¹⁵Pd	(6−)
¹¹⁷Rh	45	72	116.9260363(95)	421(30) ms	β⁻	¹¹⁷Pd	7/2+#
¹¹⁷Rh	45	72	116.9260363(95)	421(30) ms	β⁻, n? (<7.6%)	¹¹⁶Pd	7/2+#
^117mRh	321.2(10) keV			138(17) ns	IT	¹¹⁷Rh	3/2+#
¹¹⁸Rh	45	73	117.930341(26)	282(9) ms	β⁻ (96.9%)	¹¹⁸Pd	1+#
¹¹⁸Rh	45	73	117.930341(26)	282(9) ms	β⁻, n (3.1%)	¹¹⁷Pd	1+#
^118mRh^{[n 8]}	200(150)# keV			310(30) ms	β⁻ (96.9%)	¹¹⁸Pd	6−#
					β⁻, n (3.1%)	¹¹⁷Pd
					IT?	¹¹⁸Rh
¹¹⁹Rh	45	74	118.932557(10)	190(6) ms	β⁻ (93.6%)	¹¹⁹Pd	7/2+#
¹¹⁹Rh	45	74	118.932557(10)	190(6) ms	β⁻, n (6.4%)	¹¹⁸Pd	7/2+#
¹²⁰Rh	45	75	119.93707(22)#	129.6(42) ms	β⁻	¹²⁰Pd	8−#
					β⁻, n (<9.3%)	¹¹⁹Pd
					β⁻, 2n?	¹¹⁸Pd
^120mRh	157.2(7) keV			295(16) ns	IT	¹²⁰Rh	6#
¹²¹Rh	45	76	120.93961(67)	74(4) ms	β⁻	¹²¹Pd	7/2+#
¹²¹Rh	45	76	120.93961(67)	74(4) ms	β⁻, n (>11%)	¹²⁰Pd	7/2+#
¹²²Rh	45	77	121.94431(32)#	51(6) ms	β⁻	¹²²Pd	7−#
					β⁻, n (<3.9%)	¹²¹Pd
					β⁻, 2n?	¹²⁰Pd
^122mRh	271.0(7) keV			830(120) ns	IT	¹²²Rh	4+#
¹²³Rh	45	78	122.94719(43)#	42(4) ms	β⁻	¹²³Pd	7/2+#
					β⁻, n (>24%)	¹²²Pd
					β⁻, 2n?	¹²¹Pd
¹²⁴Rh	45	79	123.95200(43)#	30(2) ms	β⁻	¹²⁴Pd	2+#
					β⁻, n (<31%)	¹²³Pd
					β⁻, 2n?	¹²²Pd
¹²⁵Rh	45	80	124.95509(54)#	26.5(20) ms	β⁻	¹²⁵Pd	7/2+#
					β⁻, n?	¹²⁴Pd
					β⁻, 2n?	¹²³Pd
¹²⁶Rh	45	81	125.96006(54)#	19(3) ms	β⁻	¹²⁶Pd	1−#
					β⁻, n?	¹²⁵Pd
					β⁻, 2n?	¹²⁴Pd
¹²⁷Rh	45	82	126.96379(64)#	28(14) ms	β⁻	¹²⁷Pd	7/2+#
					β⁻, n?	¹²⁶Pd
					β⁻, 2n?	¹²⁵Pd
¹²⁸Rh	45	83	127.97065(32)#	8# ms [> 550 ns]	β⁻?	¹²⁸Pd
					β⁻, n?	¹²⁷Pd
					β⁻, 2n?	¹²⁶Pd
This table header & footer: view

^^mRh – Excitednuclear isomer.
^( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^^a ^b ^c# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition
n: Neutron emission
p: Proton emission
^Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gOrder of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eFission product

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^dKondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021)."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"(PDF).Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^"Standard Atomic Weights: Rhodium".CIAAW. 2017.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04)."Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603.ISSN 1365-3075.
^John W. Arblaster (April 2011)."The Discoverers of the Rhodium Isotopes. The thirty-eight known rhodium isotopes found between 1934 and 2010".Platinum Metals Review.55 (2):124–134.doi:10.1595/147106711X555656.
^Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*".Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030003.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties",Nuclear Physics A,729:3–128,Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties",Nuclear Physics A,729:3–128,Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center."NuDat 3.0 database".Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.).CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.).Boca Raton, Florida:CRC Press.ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

Isotopes of thechemical elements

Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Period	Hydrogen and alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals													Pnictogens	Chalcogens	Halogens	Noble gases
①	Isotopes § List H 1																	Isotopes § List He 2
②	Isotopes § List Li 3	Isotopes § List Be 4											Isotopes § List B 5	Isotopes § List C 6	Isotopes § List N 7	Isotopes § List O 8	Isotopes § List F 9	Isotopes § List Ne 10
③	Isotopes § List Na 11	Isotopes § List Mg 12											Isotopes § List Al 13	Isotopes § List Si 14	Isotopes § List P 15	Isotopes § List S 16	Isotopes § List Cl 17	Isotopes § List Ar 18
④	Isotopes § List K 19	Isotopes § List Ca 20	Isotopes § List Sc 21	Isotopes § List Ti 22	Isotopes § List V 23	Isotopes § List Cr 24	Isotopes § List Mn 25	Isotopes § List Fe 26	Isotopes § List Co 27	Isotopes § List Ni 28	Isotopes § List Cu 29	Isotopes § List Zn 30	Isotopes § List Ga 31	Isotopes § List Ge 32	Isotopes § List As 33	Isotopes § List Se 34	Isotopes § List Br 35	Isotopes § List Kr 36
⑤	Isotopes § List Rb 37	Isotopes § List Sr 38	Isotopes § List Y 39	Isotopes § List Zr 40	Isotopes § List Nb 41	Isotopes § List Mo 42	Isotopes § List Tc 43	Isotopes § List Ru 44	Isotopes § List Rh 45	Isotopes § List Pd 46	Isotopes § List Ag 47	Isotopes § List Cd 48	Isotopes § List In 49	Isotopes § List Sn 50	Isotopes § List Sb 51	Isotopes § List Te 52	Isotopes § List I 53	Isotopes § List Xe 54
⑥	Isotopes § List Cs 55	Isotopes § List Ba 56	Isotopes § List Lu 71	Isotopes § List Hf 72	Isotopes § List Ta 73	Isotopes § List W 74	Isotopes § List Re 75	Isotopes § List Os 76	Isotopes § List Ir 77	Isotopes § List Pt 78	Isotopes § List Au 79	Isotopes § List Hg 80	Isotopes § List Tl 81	Isotopes § List Pb 82	Isotopes § List Bi 83	Isotopes § List Po 84	Isotopes § List At 85	Isotopes § List Rn 86
⑦	Isotopes § List Fr 87	Isotopes § List Ra 88	Isotopes § List Lr 103	Isotopes § List Rf 104	Isotopes § List Db 105	Isotopes § List Sg 106	Isotopes § List Bh 107	Isotopes § List Hs 108	Isotopes § List Mt 109	Isotopes § List Ds 110	Isotopes § List Rg 111	Isotopes § List Cn 112	Isotopes § List Nh 113	Isotopes § List Fl 114	Isotopes § List Mc 115	Isotopes § List Lv 116	Isotopes § List Ts 117	Isotopes § List Og 118
⑧	Isotopes § List Uue 119	Isotopes § List Ubn 120

			Isotopes § List La 57	Isotopes § List Ce 58	Isotopes § List Pr 59	Isotopes § List Nd 60	Isotopes § List Pm 61	Isotopes § List Sm 62	Isotopes § List Eu 63	Isotopes § List Gd 64	Isotopes § List Tb 65	Isotopes § List Dy 66	Isotopes § List Ho 67	Isotopes § List Er 68	Isotopes § List Tm 69	Isotopes § List Yb 70
			Isotopes § List Ac 89	Isotopes § List Th 90	Isotopes § List Pa 91	Isotopes § List U 92	Isotopes § List Np 93	Isotopes § List Pu 94	Isotopes § List Am 95	Isotopes § List Cm 96	Isotopes § List Bk 97	Isotopes § List Cf 98	Isotopes § List Es 99	Isotopes § List Fm 100	Isotopes § List Md 101	Isotopes § List No 102

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EC:	Electron capture
IT:	Isomeric transition
n:	Neutron emission
p:	Proton emission

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List of isotopes

See also

References