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Isotopes of phosphorus

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Main isotopes^[1]			Decay
Isotope	abundance	half-life(t_1/2)	mode	product
³¹P	100%	stable
³²P	trace	14.269 d	β⁻	³²S
³³P	trace	25.35 d	β⁻	³³S

Standard atomic weightA_r°(P)

30.973761998±0.000000005^[2]
30.974±0.001 (abridged)^[3]

Althoughphosphorus (₁₅P) has 22 knownisotopes from²⁶P to⁴⁷P; only³¹P is stable, thus phosphorus is considered amonoisotopic element. The longest-livedradioactive isotopes are³³P with a half-life of 25.35 days and³²P with a half-life of 14.269 days. All others have half-lives of under 2.5 minutes, most under a second.

List of isotopes

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Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass(Da)^[4] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy			Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
²⁶P	15	11	26.011806(11)^[5]	43.6(3) ms	β⁺ (62.9%)	²⁶Si	(3)+
					β⁺, p (35.1%)	²⁵Al
					β⁺, 2p (1.99%)	²⁴Mg
^26mP	164.4(1) keV			115(8) ns	IT	²⁶P	(1+)
²⁷P	15	12	26.9992925(97)	260(80) ms	β⁺ (99.93%)	²⁷Si	1/2+
²⁷P	15	12	26.9992925(97)	260(80) ms	β⁺, p (0.07%)	²⁶Al	1/2+
²⁸P	15	13	27.9923265(12)	270.3(5) ms	β⁺	²⁸Si	3+
					β⁺, p (.0013%)	²⁷Al
					β⁺,α (8.6×10⁻⁴%)	²⁴Mg
²⁹P	15	14	28.98180037(39)	4.102(4) s	β⁺	²⁹Si	1/2+
³⁰P	15	15	29.978313490(69)	2.5000(17) min	β⁺	³⁰Si	1+
³¹P	15	16	30.97376199768(80)	Stable			1/2+	1.0000
³²P	15	17	31.973907643(42)	14.269(7) d	β⁻	³²S	1+	Trace
³³P	15	18	32.9717257(12)	25.35(11) d	β⁻	³³S	1/2+
³⁴P	15	19	33.97364589(87)	12.43(10) s	β⁻	³⁴S	1+
³⁵P	15	20	34.9733140(20)	47.3(8) s	β⁻	³⁵S	1/2+
³⁶P	15	21	35.978260(14)	5.6(3) s	β⁻	³⁶S	4−
³⁶P	15	21	35.978260(14)	5.6(3) s	β⁻,n?	³⁵S	4−
³⁷P	15	22	36.979607(41)	2.31(13) s	β⁻	³⁷S	(1/2+)
³⁷P	15	22	36.979607(41)	2.31(13) s	β⁻, n?	³⁶S	(1/2+)
³⁸P	15	23	37.984303(78)	0.64(14) s	β⁻ (88%)	³⁸S	(2−)
³⁸P	15	23	37.984303(78)	0.64(14) s	β⁻, n (12%)	³⁷S	(2−)
³⁹P	15	24	38.98629(12)	282(24) ms	β⁻ (74%)	³⁹S	(1/2+)
³⁹P	15	24	38.98629(12)	282(24) ms	β⁻, n (26%)	³⁸S	(1/2+)
⁴⁰P	15	25	39.991262(90)	150(8) ms	β⁻ (84.2%)	⁴⁰S	(2−,3−)
					β⁻, n (15.8%)	³⁹S
					β⁻, 2n?	³⁸S
⁴¹P	15	26	40.99465(13)	101(5) ms	β⁻ (70%)	⁴¹S	1/2+#
					β⁻, n (30%)	⁴⁰S
					β⁻, 2n?	³⁹S
⁴²P	15	27	42.00117(10)	48.5(15) ms	β⁻ (50%)	⁴²S
					β⁻, n (50%)	⁴¹S
					β⁻, 2n?	⁴⁰S
⁴³P	15	28	43.00541(32)#	35.8(13) ms	β⁻, n	⁴²S	(1/2+)
⁴³P	15	28	43.00541(32)#	35.8(13) ms	β⁻, 2n ?	⁴¹S	(1/2+)
⁴⁴P	15	29	44.01193(43)#	18.5(25) ms	β⁻, n (55%^[6])	⁴³S
					β⁻ (24%)	⁴⁴S
					β⁻, 2n (21%)	⁴²S
⁴⁵P	15	30	45.01713(54)#	24(7 (stat), 9 (sys)) ms^[6]	β⁻, n (79%)	⁴⁴S	1/2+#
⁴⁵P	15	30	45.01713(54)#	24(7 (stat), 9 (sys)) ms^[6]	β⁻, 2n (21%)	⁴³S	1/2+#
⁴⁶P	15	31	46.02452(54)#	9# ms [>200 ns]	β⁻?	⁴⁶S
					β⁻, n?	⁴⁵S
					β⁻, 2n?	⁴⁴S
⁴⁷P	15	32	47.03093(64)#	4# ms [>400 ns]	β⁻	⁴⁷S	1/2+#
					β⁻, n?	⁴⁶S
					β⁻, 2n?	⁴⁵S
This table header & footer: view

^^mP – Excitednuclear isomer.
^( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^^a ^b# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^Modes of decay:
IT: Isomeric transition
n: Neutron emission
p: Proton emission
^Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

Radioactive isotopes

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Phosphorus-32

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Main article:Phosphorus-32

³²P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 31.973907 and half-life of 14.26 days.³²P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with beta particle-emitting radiocytotoxic activity. Emitted by³²P, beta particles directly damage cellular DNA and, by ionizing intracellular water to produce several types of cytotoxic free radicals and superoxides, indirectly damage intracellular biological macromolecules, resulting in tumor cell death.^[7]

Phosphorus-33

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³³P is an artificial radioactive element produced with a low yield by the neutron bombardment of³¹P (stable).^{[citation needed]} It is a pure β-emitter, like³²P, and can be used as an alternative to it in research in molecular biology. Indeed, its longer life time and especially its smaller decay energy make its manipulation simpler in the laboratory. In the medical field,³³P has been used in the treatment of arterial stenosis but is no longer indicated at this time.^[8]

References

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^^a ^b ^c ^dKondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021)."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"(PDF).Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^"Standard Atomic Weights: Phosphorus".CIAAW. 2013.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04)."Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603.ISSN 1365-3075.
^Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*".Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030003.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^Chen, Z. Y.; Yan, X. L.; Hou, S. Q.; Liu, J. B.; Shi, J. Y.; Zhou, X. H.; Zhang, Y. H.; Wang, M.; Zhou, X.; Zhang, M.; Li, H. F.; Sun, M. Z.; Xing, Y. M.; Shuai, P.; Xu, X.; Huang, W. J.; Wang, Q.; Song, Y. N.; Deng, H. Y.; Jiao, H. Y.; Luo, Y. F.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Blaum, K.; Yamaguchi, T. (1 December 2025)."Precision Mass Measurement of 26 P and 27 S and Their Impact on the 26 P( p , γ ) 27 S Reaction in Stellar X-Ray Bursts".The Astrophysical Journal.994 (2): 270.doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae1470.
^^a ^bCrawford, H. L.; Tripathi, V.; Allmond, J. M.; et al. (2022)."CrossingN = 28 toward the neutron drip line: first measurement of half-lives at FRIB".Physical Review Letters.129 (212501) 212501.Bibcode:2022PhRvL.129u2501C.doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.212501.OSTI 1898972.PMID 36461950.S2CID 253600995.
^"Phosphorus-32".
^"Phosphorus 33 (P-33)".www.biotrend.com. Archived fromthe original on 2024-11-29. Retrieved2025-12-26.

Isotopes of thechemical elements

Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Period	Hydrogen and alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals													Pnictogens	Chalcogens	Halogens	Noble gases
①	Isotopes § List H 1																	Isotopes § List He 2
②	Isotopes § List Li 3	Isotopes § List Be 4											Isotopes § List B 5	Isotopes § List C 6	Isotopes § List N 7	Isotopes § List O 8	Isotopes § List F 9	Isotopes § List Ne 10
③	Isotopes § List Na 11	Isotopes § List Mg 12											Isotopes § List Al 13	Isotopes § List Si 14	Isotopes § List P 15	Isotopes § List S 16	Isotopes § List Cl 17	Isotopes § List Ar 18
④	Isotopes § List K 19	Isotopes § List Ca 20	Isotopes § List Sc 21	Isotopes § List Ti 22	Isotopes § List V 23	Isotopes § List Cr 24	Isotopes § List Mn 25	Isotopes § List Fe 26	Isotopes § List Co 27	Isotopes § List Ni 28	Isotopes § List Cu 29	Isotopes § List Zn 30	Isotopes § List Ga 31	Isotopes § List Ge 32	Isotopes § List As 33	Isotopes § List Se 34	Isotopes § List Br 35	Isotopes § List Kr 36
⑤	Isotopes § List Rb 37	Isotopes § List Sr 38	Isotopes § List Y 39	Isotopes § List Zr 40	Isotopes § List Nb 41	Isotopes § List Mo 42	Isotopes § List Tc 43	Isotopes § List Ru 44	Isotopes § List Rh 45	Isotopes § List Pd 46	Isotopes § List Ag 47	Isotopes § List Cd 48	Isotopes § List In 49	Isotopes § List Sn 50	Isotopes § List Sb 51	Isotopes § List Te 52	Isotopes § List I 53	Isotopes § List Xe 54
⑥	Isotopes § List Cs 55	Isotopes § List Ba 56	Isotopes § List Lu 71	Isotopes § List Hf 72	Isotopes § List Ta 73	Isotopes § List W 74	Isotopes § List Re 75	Isotopes § List Os 76	Isotopes § List Ir 77	Isotopes § List Pt 78	Isotopes § List Au 79	Isotopes § List Hg 80	Isotopes § List Tl 81	Isotopes § List Pb 82	Isotopes § List Bi 83	Isotopes § List Po 84	Isotopes § List At 85	Isotopes § List Rn 86
⑦	Isotopes § List Fr 87	Isotopes § List Ra 88	Isotopes § List Lr 103	Isotopes § List Rf 104	Isotopes § List Db 105	Isotopes § List Sg 106	Isotopes § List Bh 107	Isotopes § List Hs 108	Isotopes § List Mt 109	Isotopes § List Ds 110	Isotopes § List Rg 111	Isotopes § List Cn 112	Isotopes § List Nh 113	Isotopes § List Fl 114	Isotopes § List Mc 115	Isotopes § List Lv 116	Isotopes § List Ts 117	Isotopes § List Og 118
⑧	Isotopes § List Uue 119	Isotopes § List Ubn 120

			Isotopes § List La 57	Isotopes § List Ce 58	Isotopes § List Pr 59	Isotopes § List Nd 60	Isotopes § List Pm 61	Isotopes § List Sm 62	Isotopes § List Eu 63	Isotopes § List Gd 64	Isotopes § List Tb 65	Isotopes § List Dy 66	Isotopes § List Ho 67	Isotopes § List Er 68	Isotopes § List Tm 69	Isotopes § List Yb 70
			Isotopes § List Ac 89	Isotopes § List Th 90	Isotopes § List Pa 91	Isotopes § List U 92	Isotopes § List Np 93	Isotopes § List Pu 94	Isotopes § List Am 95	Isotopes § List Cm 96	Isotopes § List Bk 97	Isotopes § List Cf 98	Isotopes § List Es 99	Isotopes § List Fm 100	Isotopes § List Md 101	Isotopes § List No 102