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Isotopes of neodymium

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Main isotopes^[1]			Decay
Isotope	abundance	half-life(t_1/2)	mode	product
¹⁴⁰Nd	synth	3.37 d	β⁺	¹⁴⁰Pr
¹⁴²Nd	27.2%	stable
¹⁴³Nd	12.2%	stable
¹⁴⁴Nd	23.8%	2.29×10¹⁵ y	α	¹⁴⁰Ce
¹⁴⁵Nd	8.3%	stable
¹⁴⁶Nd	17.2%	stable
¹⁴⁷Nd	synth	10.98 d	β⁻	¹⁴⁷Pm
¹⁴⁸Nd	5.80%	stable
¹⁵⁰Nd	5.60%	9.3×10¹⁸ y	β⁻β⁻	¹⁵⁰Sm

Standard atomic weightA_r°(Nd)

144.242±0.003^[2]
144.24±0.01 (abridged)^[3]

Naturally occurringneodymium (₆₀Nd) is composed of fivestable isotopes,¹⁴²Nd,¹⁴³Nd,¹⁴⁵Nd,¹⁴⁶Nd and¹⁴⁸Nd, with¹⁴²Nd being the most abundant (27.2%natural abundance), and two long-livedradioisotopes,¹⁴⁴Nd and¹⁵⁰Nd. In all, 35 radioisotopes of neodymium have been characterized up to now, with the most stable being naturally occurring isotopes¹⁴⁴Nd (alpha decay, ahalf-life (t_1/2) of2.29×10¹⁵ years) and¹⁵⁰Nd (double beta decay, t_1/2 of9.3×10¹⁸ years), and for practical purposes they can be considered to be stable as well. The radioactivity of¹⁴⁴Nd is due to it having 84 neutrons (two more than 82, which is amagic number corresponding to a stable neutron configuration), and so it may emit analpha particle (which has 2 neutrons) to form cerium-140 with 82 neutrons.

All of the remainingradioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 11 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 70 seconds. The most stableartificial isotope is¹⁴⁷Nd, the parent of promethium, with a half-life of 10.98 days. This element also has 15 knownmeta states with the most stable being^139mNd (t_1/2 5.5 hours),^135mNd (t_1/2 5.5 minutes) and^133m1Nd (t_1/2 ~70 seconds).

The primarydecay modes for isotopes lighter than the lightest and most abundant stable isotope, which is also the only theoretically stable isotope,¹⁴²Nd, areelectron capture andpositron decay, and the primary mode for heavier radioisotopes isbeta decay. The primarydecay products for lighter radioisotopes arepraseodymium isotopes and the primary products for heavier ones arepromethium isotopes.

Neodymium isotopes as fission products

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Neodymium is one of the more commonfission products that results from the splitting ofuranium-233,uranium-235,plutonium-239 andplutonium-241. The distribution of resulting neodymium isotopes is distinctly different than those found in crustal rock formation on Earth. One of the methods used to verify that the Oklo Fossil Reactors inGabon had produced anatural nuclear fission reactor some two billion years before present was to compare the relative abundances of neodymium isotopes found at the reactor site with those found elsewhere on Earth.^[4]^[5]^[6]

List of isotopes

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Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass(Da)^[7] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 5]}	Natural abundance(mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 5]}			Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 5]}	Normal proportion^[1]	Range of variation
¹²⁵Nd	60	65	124.94840(43)#	0.65(15) s	β⁺	¹²⁵Pr	(5/2)(+#)
¹²⁵Nd	60	65	124.94840(43)#	0.65(15) s	β⁺,p (?%)	¹²⁴Ce	(5/2)(+#)
¹²⁶Nd	60	66	125.94269(32)#	1# s [>200 ns]			0+
¹²⁷Nd	60	67	126.93998(32)#	1.8(4) s	β⁺	¹²⁷Pr	5/2+#
¹²⁷Nd	60	67	126.93998(32)#	1.8(4) s	β⁺, p (?%)	¹²⁶Ce	5/2+#
¹²⁸Nd	60	68	127.93502(22)#	5# s			0+
¹²⁹Nd	60	69	128.93304(22)#	6.8(6) s	β⁺	¹²⁹Pr	7/2−^[8]
¹²⁹Nd	60	69	128.93304(22)#	6.8(6) s	β⁺, p (?%)	¹²⁸Ce	7/2−^[8]
^129m1Nd	17 keV^[8]			2.6(4) s	β⁺	¹²⁹Pr	1/2+^[8]
^129m1Nd	17 keV^[8]			2.6(4) s	β⁺, p (?%)	¹²⁸Ce	1/2+^[8]
^129m2Nd^[8]	39 keV			2.6(4) s	β⁺	¹²⁹Pr	3/2+
^129m2Nd^[8]	39 keV			2.6(4) s	β⁺, p (?%)	¹²⁸Ce	3/2+
^129m3Nd^[8]	108 keV				IT (?%)	^129m2Nd	5/2+
^129m3Nd^[8]	108 keV				IT (?%)	¹²⁹Nd	5/2+
^129m4Nd^[8]	1893 keV				IT	¹²⁹Nd	(17/2+)
^129m5Nd^[8]	2109 keV				IT	¹²⁹Nd	(19/2+)
^129m6Nd^[8]	2284 keV			0.48(4) μs	IT	¹²⁹Nd	(21/2+)
¹³⁰Nd	60	70	129.928506(30)	21(3) s	β⁺	¹³⁰Pr	0+
¹³¹Nd	60	71	130.927248(30)	25.4(9) s	β⁺	¹³¹Pr	(5/2+)
¹³¹Nd	60	71	130.927248(30)	25.4(9) s	β⁺, p (?%)	¹³⁰Ce	(5/2+)
¹³²Nd	60	72	131.923321(26)	1.56(10) min	β⁺	¹³²Pr	0+
¹³³Nd	60	73	132.922348(50)	70(10) s	β⁺	¹³³Pr	(7/2+)
^133m1Nd	127.97(12) keV			~70 s	β⁺ (?%)	¹³³Pr	(1/2)+
^133m1Nd	127.97(12) keV			~70 s	IT (?%)	¹³³Nd	(1/2)+
^133m2Nd	176.10(10) keV			301(18) ns	IT	¹³³Nd	(9/2–)
¹³⁴Nd	60	74	133.918790(13)	8.5(15) min	β⁺	¹³⁴Pr	0+
^134mNd	2293.0(4) keV			389(17) μs	IT	¹³⁴Nd	8–
¹³⁵Nd	60	75	134.918181(21)	12.4(6) min	β⁺	¹³⁵Pr	9/2–
^135mNd	64.95(24) keV			5.5(5) min	β⁺	¹³⁵Pr	(1/2+)
¹³⁶Nd	60	76	135.914976(13)	50.65(33) min	β⁺	¹³⁶Pr	0+
¹³⁷Nd	60	77	136.914563(13)	38.5(15) min	β⁺	¹³⁷Pr	1/2+
^137mNd	519.43(20) keV			1.60(15) s	IT	¹³⁷Nd	11/2–
¹³⁸Nd	60	78	137.911951(12)	5.04(9) h	β⁺	¹³⁸Pr	0+
^138mNd	3174.5(4) keV			370(5) ns	IT	¹³⁸Nd	10+
¹³⁹Nd	60	79	138.911951(30)	29.7(5) min	β⁺	¹³⁹Pr	3/2+
^139m1Nd	231.16(5) keV			5.50(20) h	β⁺ (87.0%)	¹³⁹Pr	11/2–
^139m1Nd	231.16(5) keV			5.50(20) h	IT (13.0%)	¹³⁹Nd	11/2–
^139m2Nd	2616.9(6) keV			276.8(18) ns	IT	¹³⁹Nd	23/2
¹⁴⁰Nd	60	80	139.9095461(35)	3.37(2) d	EC	¹⁴⁰Pr	0+
^140m1Nd	2221.65(9) keV			600(50) μs	IT	¹⁴⁰Nd	7–
^140m2Nd	7435.1(4) keV			1.22(6) μs	IT	¹⁴⁰Nd	20+
¹⁴¹Nd	60	81	140.9096167(34)	2.49(3) h	EC (97.28%)	¹⁴¹Pr	3/2+
¹⁴¹Nd	60	81	140.9096167(34)	2.49(3) h	β⁺ (2.72%)	¹⁴¹Pr	3/2+
^141mNd	756.51(5) keV			62.0(8) s	IT (99.97%)	¹⁴¹Nd	11/2–
^141mNd	756.51(5) keV			62.0(8) s	β⁺ (0.032%)	¹⁴¹Pr	11/2–
¹⁴²Nd	60	82	141.9077288(13)	Stable			0+	0.27153(40)
¹⁴³Nd^{[n 9]}	60	83	142.9098198(13)	Observationally Stable^{[n 10]}			7/2−	0.12173(26)
¹⁴⁴Nd^{[n 9]}^{[n 11]}	60	84	143.9100928(13)	2.29(16)×10¹⁵ y	α	¹⁴⁰Ce	0+	0.23798(19)
¹⁴⁵Nd^{[n 9]}	60	85	144.9125792(14)	Observationally Stable^{[n 12]}			7/2−	0.08293(12)
¹⁴⁶Nd^{[n 9]}	60	86	145.9131225(14)	Observationally Stable^{[n 13]}			0+	0.17189(32)
¹⁴⁷Nd^{[n 9]}	60	87	146.9161060(14)	10.98(1) d	β⁻	¹⁴⁷Pm	5/2−
¹⁴⁸Nd^{[n 9]}	60	88	147.9168990(22)	Observationally Stable^{[n 14]}			0+	0.05756(21)
¹⁴⁹Nd^{[n 9]}	60	89	148.9201546(22)	1.728(1) h	β⁻	¹⁴⁹Pm	5/2−
¹⁵⁰Nd^{[n 9]}^{[n 11]}	60	90	149.9209013(12)	9.3(7)×10¹⁸ y	β⁻β⁻	¹⁵⁰Sm	0+	0.05638(28)
¹⁵¹Nd	60	91	150.9238394(12)	12.44(7) min	β⁻	¹⁵¹Pm	3/2+
¹⁵²Nd	60	92	151.924691(26)	11.4(2) min	β⁻	¹⁵²Pm	0+
¹⁵³Nd	60	93	152.9277179(29)	31.6(10) s	β⁻	¹⁵³Pm	(3/2)−
^153mNd	191.71(16) keV			1.10(4) μs	IT	¹⁵³Nd	(5/2)+
¹⁵⁴Nd	60	94	153.9295974(11)	25.9(2) s	β⁻	¹⁵⁴Pm	0+
^154mNd	1297.9(4) keV			3.2(3) μs	IT	¹⁵⁴Nd	(4−)
¹⁵⁵Nd	60	95	154.9331356(98)	8.9(2) s	β⁻	¹⁵⁵Pm	(3/2−)
¹⁵⁶Nd	60	96	155.9353704(14)	5.06(13) s	β⁻	¹⁵⁶Pm	0+
^156mNd	1431.3(4) keV			365(145) ns	IT	¹⁵⁶Nd	5−
¹⁵⁷Nd	60	97	156.9393511(23)	1.17(4) s^[12]	β⁻	¹⁵⁷Pm	5/2−#
¹⁵⁸Nd	60	98	157.9422056(14)	810(30) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁸Pm	0+
^158mNd	1648.1(14) keV			339(20) ns	IT	¹⁵⁸Nd	(6−)
¹⁵⁹Nd	60	99	158.946619(32)	500(30) ms	β⁻	¹⁵⁹Pm	7/2+#
¹⁶⁰Nd	60	100	159.949839(50)	439(37) ms	β⁻	¹⁶⁰Pm	0+
^160mNd	1107.9(9) keV			1.63(21) μs	IT	¹⁶⁰Nd	(4−)
¹⁶¹Nd	60	101	160.95466(43)#	215(76) ms	β⁻	¹⁶¹Pm	1/2−#
¹⁶²Nd	60	102	161.95812(43)#	310(200) ms	β⁻	¹⁶²Pm	0+
¹⁶³Nd	60	103	162.96341(54)#	80# ms [>550 ns]			5/2−#
This table header & footer: view

^^mNd – Excitednuclear isomer.
^( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer thanage of universe.
^^a ^b ^c# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission
^Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^hFission product
^Believed to undergo α decay to¹³⁹Ce with a half-life over1.1×10²⁰ years^[9]^[10]
^^a ^bPrimordial radionuclide
^Believed to undergo α decay to¹⁴¹Ce with a half-life of over6.1×10¹⁹ years^[11]^[10]
^Believed to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to¹⁴⁶Sm, or α decay to¹⁴²Ce with a half-life of over3.3×10²¹ years^[11]^[10]
^Believed to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to¹⁴⁸Sm with a half-life over3×10¹⁸ years, or α decay to¹⁴⁴Ce with a half-life of over1.2×10¹⁹ years^[11]^[10]

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eKondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021)."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"(PDF).Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^"Standard Atomic Weights: Neodymium".CIAAW. 2005.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04)."Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603.ISSN 1365-3075.
^Hemond, C.; Menet, C.; Menager, M.T. (1991)."U and Nd Isotopes from the New Oklo Reactor 10 (GABON): Evidence for Radioelements Migration".MRS Proceedings.257.doi:10.1557/PROC-257-489.
^"Oklo's Natural Nuclear Reactors". 24 October 2020.
^"The Implications of the Oklo Phenomenon on the Constancy of Radiometric Decay Rates".
^Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*".Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030003.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^hPetrache, C. M.; Uusitalo, J.; Briscoe, A. D.; Sullivan, C. M.; Joss, D. T.; Tann, H.; Aktas, ö.; Alayed, B.; Al-Aqeel, M. A. M.; Astier, A.; Badran, H.; Cederwall, B.; Delafosse, C.; Ertoprak, A.; Favier, Z.; Forsberg, U.; Gins, W.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; He, X. T.; Heery, J.; Hilton, J.; Kalantan, S.; Li, R.; Jodidar, P. M.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Leino, M.; Lewis, M. C.; Li, J. G.; Li, Z. P.; Luoma, M.; Lv, B. F.; McCarter, A.; Nathaniel, S.; Ojala, J.; Page, R. D.; Pakarinen, J.; Papadakis, P.; Parr, E.; Partanen, J.; Paul, E. S.; Rahkila, P.; Ruotsalainen, P.; Sandzelius, M.; Sarén, J.; Smallcombe, J.; Sorri, J.; Szwec, S.; Wang, L. J.; Wang, Y.; Waring, L.; Xu, F. R.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, Z. H.; Zheng, K. K.; Zimba, G. (19 July 2023)."High- K three-quasiparticle isomers in the proton-rich nucleus Nd 129"(PDF).Physical Review C.108 (1).doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.108.014317.
^Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Boiko, R. S.; Cappella, F.; Caracciolo, V.; Cerulli, R.; Danevich, F. A.; Incicchitti, A.; Kasperovych, D. V.; Kobychev, V. V.; Laubenstein, M.; Leoncini, A.; Merlo, V.; Poda, D. V.; Polischuk, O. G.; Sokur, N. V.; Tretyak, V. I. (1 March 2024)."Search for alpha and double alpha decays of natural Nd isotopes accompanied by gamma quanta".European Physical Journal A.60 (46).doi:10.1140/epja/s10050-024-01260-3.
^^a ^b ^c ^dBelli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A.; Incicchitti, A.; Tretyak, V. I. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays".European Physical Journal A.55 (140):4–6.arXiv:1908.11458.Bibcode:2019EPJA...55..140B.doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2.S2CID 201664098.
^^a ^b ^cSokur, N.V.; Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Boiko, R.S.; Cappella, F.; Caracciolo, V.; Cerulli, R.; Danevich, F.A.; Incicchitti, A.; Kasperovych, D.V.; Kobychev, V.V.; Laubenstein, M.; Leoncini, A.; Merlo, V.; Polischuk, O.G.; Tretyak, V.I. (11 July 2023).Alpha decay of naturally occurring neodymium isotopes. XII International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics.
^Hartley, D. J.; Kondev, F. G.; Carpenter, M. P.; Clark, J. A.; Copp, P.; Kay, B.; Lauritsen, T.; Savard, G.; Seweryniak, D.; Wilson, G. L.; Wu, J. (2023-08-14). "First β⁻-decay spectroscopy study of¹⁵⁷Nd".Physical Review C.108 (2) 024307. American Physical Society (APS).Bibcode:2023PhRvC.108b4307H.doi:10.1103/physrevc.108.024307.ISSN 2469-9985.S2CID 260913513.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties",Nuclear Physics A,729:3–128,Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003)."Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.75 (6):683–800.doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006)."Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.78 (11):2051–2066.doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised".International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties",Nuclear Physics A,729:3–128,Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center."NuDat 3.0 database".Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.).CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.).Boca Raton, Florida:CRC Press.ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

Isotopes of thechemical elements

Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Period	Hydrogen and alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals													Pnictogens	Chalcogens	Halogens	Noble gases
①	Isotopes § List H 1																	Isotopes § List He 2
②	Isotopes § List Li 3	Isotopes § List Be 4											Isotopes § List B 5	Isotopes § List C 6	Isotopes § List N 7	Isotopes § List O 8	Isotopes § List F 9	Isotopes § List Ne 10
③	Isotopes § List Na 11	Isotopes § List Mg 12											Isotopes § List Al 13	Isotopes § List Si 14	Isotopes § List P 15	Isotopes § List S 16	Isotopes § List Cl 17	Isotopes § List Ar 18
④	Isotopes § List K 19	Isotopes § List Ca 20	Isotopes § List Sc 21	Isotopes § List Ti 22	Isotopes § List V 23	Isotopes § List Cr 24	Isotopes § List Mn 25	Isotopes § List Fe 26	Isotopes § List Co 27	Isotopes § List Ni 28	Isotopes § List Cu 29	Isotopes § List Zn 30	Isotopes § List Ga 31	Isotopes § List Ge 32	Isotopes § List As 33	Isotopes § List Se 34	Isotopes § List Br 35	Isotopes § List Kr 36
⑤	Isotopes § List Rb 37	Isotopes § List Sr 38	Isotopes § List Y 39	Isotopes § List Zr 40	Isotopes § List Nb 41	Isotopes § List Mo 42	Isotopes § List Tc 43	Isotopes § List Ru 44	Isotopes § List Rh 45	Isotopes § List Pd 46	Isotopes § List Ag 47	Isotopes § List Cd 48	Isotopes § List In 49	Isotopes § List Sn 50	Isotopes § List Sb 51	Isotopes § List Te 52	Isotopes § List I 53	Isotopes § List Xe 54
⑥	Isotopes § List Cs 55	Isotopes § List Ba 56	Isotopes § List Lu 71	Isotopes § List Hf 72	Isotopes § List Ta 73	Isotopes § List W 74	Isotopes § List Re 75	Isotopes § List Os 76	Isotopes § List Ir 77	Isotopes § List Pt 78	Isotopes § List Au 79	Isotopes § List Hg 80	Isotopes § List Tl 81	Isotopes § List Pb 82	Isotopes § List Bi 83	Isotopes § List Po 84	Isotopes § List At 85	Isotopes § List Rn 86
⑦	Isotopes § List Fr 87	Isotopes § List Ra 88	Isotopes § List Lr 103	Isotopes § List Rf 104	Isotopes § List Db 105	Isotopes § List Sg 106	Isotopes § List Bh 107	Isotopes § List Hs 108	Isotopes § List Mt 109	Isotopes § List Ds 110	Isotopes § List Rg 111	Isotopes § List Cn 112	Isotopes § List Nh 113	Isotopes § List Fl 114	Isotopes § List Mc 115	Isotopes § List Lv 116	Isotopes § List Ts 117	Isotopes § List Og 118
⑧	Isotopes § List Uue 119	Isotopes § List Ubn 120

			Isotopes § List La 57	Isotopes § List Ce 58	Isotopes § List Pr 59	Isotopes § List Nd 60	Isotopes § List Pm 61	Isotopes § List Sm 62	Isotopes § List Eu 63	Isotopes § List Gd 64	Isotopes § List Tb 65	Isotopes § List Dy 66	Isotopes § List Ho 67	Isotopes § List Er 68	Isotopes § List Tm 69	Isotopes § List Yb 70
			Isotopes § List Ac 89	Isotopes § List Th 90	Isotopes § List Pa 91	Isotopes § List U 92	Isotopes § List Np 93	Isotopes § List Pu 94	Isotopes § List Am 95	Isotopes § List Cm 96	Isotopes § List Bk 97	Isotopes § List Cf 98	Isotopes § List Es 99	Isotopes § List Fm 100	Isotopes § List Md 101	Isotopes § List No 102

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