Movatterモバイル変換

Isotopes of boron

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Isotopes of boron" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Isotopes ofboron (₅B)

Main isotopes^[1]			Decay
Isotope	abundance	half-life(t_1/2)	mode	product
⁸B	synth	771.9 ms	β⁺	⁸Be
¹⁰B	[18.9%, 20.4%]	stable
¹¹B	[79.6%, 81.1%]	stable

Standard atomic weightA_r°(B)

[10.806, 10.821]^[2]
10.81±0.02 (abridged)^[3]

Boron (₅B) naturally occurs asisotopes¹⁰
B and¹¹
B, the latter of which makes up about 80% of natural boron. There are 13radioisotopes that have been discovered, with mass numbers from 7 to 21, all with shorthalf-lives, the longest being that of⁸
B, with a half-life of only771.9(9) ms and¹²
B with a half-life of20.20(2) ms. All other isotopes have half-lives shorter than17.35 ms. Those isotopes with mass below 10 decay intohelium (via short-livedisotopes of beryllium for⁷
B and⁹
B) while those with mass above 11 mostly becomecarbon.

List of isotopes

[edit]

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass(Da)^[4] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[1] [resonance width]	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 5]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Natural abundance(mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy			Half-life^[1] [resonance width]	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 5]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Normal proportion^[1]	Range of variation
⁷ B	5	2	7.029712(27)	570(14) ys [801(20) keV]	p	⁶ Be^{[n 8]}	(3/2−)
⁸ B^{[n 9]}^{[n 10]}	5	3	8.0246073(11)	771.9(9) ms	β⁺α	⁴ He	2+
^8m B	10624(8) keV						0+
⁹ B	5	4	9.0133296(10)	800(300) zs	p	⁸ Be^{[n 11]}	3/2−
¹⁰ B^{[n 12]}	5	5	10.012936862(16)	Stable			3+	[0.189,0.204]^[5]
¹¹ B	5	6	11.009305167(13)	Stable			3/2−	[0.796,0.811]^[5]
^11m B	12560(9) keV						1/2+, (3/2+)
¹² B	5	7	12.0143526(14)	20.20(2) ms	β⁻ (99.40(2)%)	¹² C	1+
¹² B	5	7	12.0143526(14)	20.20(2) ms	β⁻α (0.60(2)%)	⁸ Be^{[n 13]}	1+
¹³ B	5	8	13.0177800(11)	17.16(18) ms	β⁻ (99.734(36)%)	¹³ C	3/2−
¹³ B	5	8	13.0177800(11)	17.16(18) ms	β⁻n (0.266(36)%)	¹² C	3/2−
¹⁴ B	5	9	14.025404(23)	12.36(29) ms	β⁻ (93.96(23)%)	¹⁴ C	2−
					β⁻n (6.04(23)%)	¹³ C
					β⁻2n ?^{[n 14]}	¹² C ?
^14m B	17065(29) keV			4.15(1.90) zs	IT ?^{[n 14]}		0+
¹⁵ B	5	10	15.031087(23)	10.18(35) ms	β⁻n (98.7(1.0)%)	¹⁴ C	3/2−
					β⁻ (<1.3%)	¹⁵ C
					β⁻2n (<1.5%)	¹³ C
¹⁶ B	5	11	16.039841(26)	>4.6 zs	n ?^{[n 14]}	¹⁵ B ?	0−
¹⁷ B^{[n 15]}	5	12	17.04693(22)	5.08(5) ms	β⁻n (63(1)%)	¹⁶ C	(3/2−)
					β⁻ (21.1(2.4)%)	¹⁷ C
					β⁻2n (12(2)%)	¹⁵ C
					β⁻3n (3.5(7)%)	¹⁴ C
					β⁻4n (0.4(3)%)	¹³ C
¹⁸ B	5	13	18.05560(22)	<26 ns	n	¹⁷ B	(2−)
¹⁹ B^{[n 16]}	5	14	19.06417(56)	2.92(13) ms	β⁻n (71(9)%)	¹⁸ C	(3/2−)
					β⁻2n (17(5)%)	¹⁷ C
					β⁻3n (<9.1%)	¹⁶ C
					β⁻ (>2.9%)	¹⁹ C
²⁰ B^[6]	5	15	20.07451(59)	>912.4 ys	n	¹⁹ B	(1−, 2−)
²¹ B^[6]	5	16	21.08415(60)	>760 ys	2n	¹⁹ B	(3/2−)
This table header & footer: view

^^mB – Excitednuclear isomer.
^( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^Modes of decay:
n: Neutron emission
p: Proton emission
^Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^Subsequently decays by double proton emission to⁴
He for a net reaction of⁷
B →⁴
He + 3 ¹
H
^Has 1halo proton
^Intermediate product ofa branch of proton–proton chain in stellar nucleosynthesis as part of the process converting hydrogen to helium
^Immediately decays into two α particles, for a net reaction of⁹
B → 2 ⁴
He +¹
H
^One of the few stableodd-odd nuclei
^Immediately decays into two α particles, for a net reaction of¹²
B → 3 ⁴
He + e⁻
^^a ^b ^cDecay mode shown is energetically allowed, but has not been experimentally observed to occur in this nuclide.
^Has 2 halo neutrons
^Has 4 halo neutrons

Boron-8

[edit]

Boron-8 is an isotope of boron that undergoes β⁺ decay toberyllium-8 with a half-life of771.9(9) ms. It is the strongest candidate for ahalo nucleus with a loosely-bound proton, in contrast to neutron halo nuclei such aslithium-11.^[7]

Although boron-8 beta decayneutrinos from the Sun make up only about 80 ppm of the totalsolar neutrino flux, they have a higher energy centered around 10 MeV,^[8] and are an important background to dark matterdirect detection experiments.^[9] They are the first component of the neutrino floor that dark matter direct detection experiments are expected to eventually encounter.

Applications

[edit]

Boron-10

[edit]

Boron-10 is used inboron neutron capture therapy as an experimental treatment of some brain cancers.

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eKondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021)."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"(PDF).Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^"Standard Atomic Weights: Boron".CIAAW. 2009.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04)."Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603.ISSN 1365-3075.
^Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*".Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030003.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^^a ^b"Atomic Weight of Boron".CIAAW.
^^a ^bLeblond, S.; et al. (2018). "First observation of²⁰B and²¹B".Physical Review Letters.121 (26): 262502–1–262502–6.arXiv:1901.00455.doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.262502.PMID 30636115.S2CID 58602601.
^Maaß, Bernhard; Müller, Peter; Nörtershäuser, Wilfried; Clark, Jason; Gorges, Christian; Kaufmann, Simon; König, Kristian; Krämer, Jörg; Levand, Anthony; Orford, Rodney; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Savard, Guy; Sommer, Felix (November 2017). "Towards laser spectroscopy of the proton-halo candidate boron-8".Hyperfine Interactions.238 (1): 25.Bibcode:2017HyInt.238...25M.doi:10.1007/s10751-017-1399-5.S2CID 254551036.
^Bellerive, A. (2004). "Review of solar neutrino experiments".International Journal of Modern Physics A.19 (8):1167–1179.arXiv:hep-ex/0312045.Bibcode:2004IJMPA..19.1167B.doi:10.1142/S0217751X04019093.S2CID 16980300.
^Cerdeno, David G.; Fairbairn, Malcolm; Jubb, Thomas; Machado, Pedro; Vincent, Aaron C.; Boehm, Celine (2016). "Physics from solar neutrinos in dark matter direct detection experiments".JHEP.2016 (5): 118.arXiv:1604.01025.Bibcode:2016JHEP...05..118C.doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2016)118.S2CID 55112052.

Isotopes of thechemical elements

Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Period	Hydrogen and alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals													Pnictogens	Chalcogens	Halogens	Noble gases
①	Isotopes § List H 1																	Isotopes § List He 2
②	Isotopes § List Li 3	Isotopes § List Be 4											Isotopes § List B 5	Isotopes § List C 6	Isotopes § List N 7	Isotopes § List O 8	Isotopes § List F 9	Isotopes § List Ne 10
③	Isotopes § List Na 11	Isotopes § List Mg 12											Isotopes § List Al 13	Isotopes § List Si 14	Isotopes § List P 15	Isotopes § List S 16	Isotopes § List Cl 17	Isotopes § List Ar 18
④	Isotopes § List K 19	Isotopes § List Ca 20	Isotopes § List Sc 21	Isotopes § List Ti 22	Isotopes § List V 23	Isotopes § List Cr 24	Isotopes § List Mn 25	Isotopes § List Fe 26	Isotopes § List Co 27	Isotopes § List Ni 28	Isotopes § List Cu 29	Isotopes § List Zn 30	Isotopes § List Ga 31	Isotopes § List Ge 32	Isotopes § List As 33	Isotopes § List Se 34	Isotopes § List Br 35	Isotopes § List Kr 36
⑤	Isotopes § List Rb 37	Isotopes § List Sr 38	Isotopes § List Y 39	Isotopes § List Zr 40	Isotopes § List Nb 41	Isotopes § List Mo 42	Isotopes § List Tc 43	Isotopes § List Ru 44	Isotopes § List Rh 45	Isotopes § List Pd 46	Isotopes § List Ag 47	Isotopes § List Cd 48	Isotopes § List In 49	Isotopes § List Sn 50	Isotopes § List Sb 51	Isotopes § List Te 52	Isotopes § List I 53	Isotopes § List Xe 54
⑥	Isotopes § List Cs 55	Isotopes § List Ba 56	Isotopes § List Lu 71	Isotopes § List Hf 72	Isotopes § List Ta 73	Isotopes § List W 74	Isotopes § List Re 75	Isotopes § List Os 76	Isotopes § List Ir 77	Isotopes § List Pt 78	Isotopes § List Au 79	Isotopes § List Hg 80	Isotopes § List Tl 81	Isotopes § List Pb 82	Isotopes § List Bi 83	Isotopes § List Po 84	Isotopes § List At 85	Isotopes § List Rn 86
⑦	Isotopes § List Fr 87	Isotopes § List Ra 88	Isotopes § List Lr 103	Isotopes § List Rf 104	Isotopes § List Db 105	Isotopes § List Sg 106	Isotopes § List Bh 107	Isotopes § List Hs 108	Isotopes § List Mt 109	Isotopes § List Ds 110	Isotopes § List Rg 111	Isotopes § List Cn 112	Isotopes § List Nh 113	Isotopes § List Fl 114	Isotopes § List Mc 115	Isotopes § List Lv 116	Isotopes § List Ts 117	Isotopes § List Og 118
⑧	Isotopes § List Uue 119	Isotopes § List Ubn 120

			Isotopes § List La 57	Isotopes § List Ce 58	Isotopes § List Pr 59	Isotopes § List Nd 60	Isotopes § List Pm 61	Isotopes § List Sm 62	Isotopes § List Eu 63	Isotopes § List Gd 64	Isotopes § List Tb 65	Isotopes § List Dy 66	Isotopes § List Ho 67	Isotopes § List Er 68	Isotopes § List Tm 69	Isotopes § List Yb 70
			Isotopes § List Ac 89	Isotopes § List Th 90	Isotopes § List Pa 91	Isotopes § List U 92	Isotopes § List Np 93	Isotopes § List Pu 94	Isotopes § List Am 95	Isotopes § List Cm 96	Isotopes § List Bk 97	Isotopes § List Cf 98	Isotopes § List Es 99	Isotopes § List Fm 100	Isotopes § List Md 101	Isotopes § List No 102