Movatterモバイル変換

Isotopes of aluminium

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Isotopes of aluminium" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Isotopes ofaluminium (₁₃Al)

Main isotopes^[1]			Decay
Isotope	abundance	half-life(t_1/2)	mode	product
²⁶Al	trace	7.17×10⁵ y	β⁺	²⁶Mg
²⁷Al	100%	stable

Standard atomic weightA_r°(Al)

26.9815384±0.0000003^[2]
26.982±0.001 (abridged)^[3]

Aluminium oraluminum (₁₃Al) has one stable isotope,²⁷Al, comprising all natural aluminium. Theradioactive²⁶Al, with half-life 717,000 years, occurs in traces from cosmic-rayspallation ofargon in theatmosphere.

Other than²⁶Al, there are 22 known synthetic radioisotopes from²⁰Al to⁴³Al, and 4 knownmetastable states; all have half-lives under 7 minutes, most under a second.

²⁶Al is anextinct radionuclide and has received attention as such, being used in the study of meteorites. Its terrestrial occurrence has also found practical application in datingmarine sediments,manganese nodules, glacial ice,quartz inrock exposures, andmeteorites. The ratio of²⁶Al to¹⁰Be has been used to study the role ofsediment transport,deposition, and storage, as well as burial times, and erosion, on 10⁵ to 10⁶ year time scales.^[4]

List of isotopes

[edit]

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass(Da)^[5] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[1]	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 5]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 7]}			Half-life^[1]	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 5]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Isotopic abundance
²⁰Al^[6]	13	7	20.04326(13)	>1.1 zs	p	¹⁹Mg	(1−)
²¹Al^[7]	13	8	21.0278(13)	>1.1 zs	p	²⁰Mg	(5/2+)
²²Al	13	9	22.01942310(32)^[8]	91.1(5) ms	β⁺, p (55%)	²¹Na	(4)+
					β⁺ (44%)	²²Mg
					β⁺, 2p (1.10%)	²⁰Ne
					β⁺,α (0.038%)	¹⁸Ne
²³Al	13	10	23.00724435(37)	446(6) ms	β⁺ (98.78%)	²³Mg	5/2+
²³Al	13	10	23.00724435(37)	446(6) ms	β⁺, p (1.22%)	²²Na	5/2+
²⁴Al	13	11	23.99994760(24)	2.053(4) s	β⁺ (99.96%)	²⁴Mg	4+
					β⁺, α (0.035%)	²⁰Ne
					β⁺, p (0.0016%)	²³Na
^24mAl	425.8(1) keV			130(3) ms	IT (82.5%)	²⁴Al	1+
					β⁺ (17.5%)	²⁴Mg
					β⁺, α (0.028%)	²⁰Ne
²⁵Al	13	12	24.990428308(69)	7.1666(23) s	β⁺	²⁵Mg	5/2+
²⁶Al^{[n 8]}	13	13	25.986891876(71)	7.17(24)×10⁵ y	β⁺ (85%)	²⁶Mg	5+	Trace^{[n 9]}
²⁶Al^{[n 8]}	13	13	25.986891876(71)	7.17(24)×10⁵ y	EC (15%)^[9]	²⁶Mg	5+	Trace^{[n 9]}
^26mAl	228.306(13) keV			6.3460(5) s	β⁺	²⁶Mg	0+
²⁷Al	13	14	26.981538408(50)	Stable			5/2+	1.0000
²⁸Al	13	15	27.981910009(52)	2.245(5) min	β⁻	²⁸Si	3+
²⁹Al	13	16	28.98045316(37)	6.56(6) min	β⁻	²⁹Si	5/2+
³⁰Al	13	17	29.9829692(21)	3.62(6) s	β⁻	³⁰Si	3+
³¹Al	13	18	30.9839498(24)	644(25) ms	β⁻ (>98.4%)	³¹Si	5/2+
³¹Al	13	18	30.9839498(24)	644(25) ms	β⁻,n (<1.6%)	³⁰Si	5/2+
³²Al	13	19	31.9880843(77)	32.6(5) ms	β⁻ (99.3%)	³²Si	1+
³²Al	13	19	31.9880843(77)	32.6(5) ms	β⁻, n (0.7%)	³¹Si	1+
^32mAl	956.6(5) keV			200(20) ns	IT	³²Al	(4+)
³³Al	13	20	32.9908777(75)	41.46(9) ms	β⁻ (91.5%)	³³Si	5/2+
³³Al	13	20	32.9908777(75)	41.46(9) ms	β⁻, n (8.5%)	³²Si	5/2+
³⁴Al	13	21	33.9967819(23)	53.73(13) ms	β⁻ (74%)	³⁴Si	4−
³⁴Al	13	21	33.9967819(23)	53.73(13) ms	β⁻, n (26%)	³³Si	4−
^34mAl	46.4(17) keV			22.1(2) ms	β⁻ (89%)	³⁴Si	1+
^34mAl	46.4(17) keV			22.1(2) ms	β⁻, n (11%)	³³Si	1+
³⁵Al	13	22	34.9997598(79)	38.16(21) ms	β⁻ (64.2%)	³⁵Si	(5/2+,3/2+)
³⁵Al	13	22	34.9997598(79)	38.16(21) ms	β⁻, n (35.8%)	³⁴Si	(5/2+,3/2+)
³⁶Al	13	23	36.00639(16)	90(40) ms	β⁻ (>69%)	³⁶Si
³⁶Al	13	23	36.00639(16)	90(40) ms	β⁻, n (<31%)	³⁵Si
³⁷Al	13	24	37.01053(19)	11.4(3) ms	β⁻, n (52%)	³⁶Si	5/2+#
					β⁻ (<47%)	³⁷Si
					β⁻, 2n (>1%)	³⁵Si
³⁸Al	13	25	38.01768(16)#	9.0(7) ms	β⁻, n (84%)	³⁷Si	0−#
³⁸Al	13	25	38.01768(16)#	9.0(7) ms	β⁻ (16%)	³⁸Si	0−#
³⁹Al	13	26	39.02307(32)#	7.6(16) ms	β⁻, n (97%)	³⁸Si	5/2+#
³⁹Al	13	26	39.02307(32)#	7.6(16) ms	β⁻ (3%)	³⁹Si	5/2+#
⁴⁰Al	13	27	40.03094(32)#	5.7(3 (stat), 2 (sys)) ms^[10]	β⁻, n (64%)	³⁹Si
					β⁻, 2n (20%)	³⁸Si
					β⁻ (16%)	⁴⁰Si
⁴¹Al	13	28	41.03713(43)#	3.5(8 (stat), 4 (sys)) ms^[10]	β⁻, n (86%)	⁴⁰Si	5/2+#
					β⁻, 2n (11%)	³⁹Si
					β⁻ (3%)	⁴¹Si
⁴²Al	13	29	42.04508(54)#	3# ms [>170 ns]
⁴³Al	13	30	43.05182(64)#	4# ms [>170 ns]	β⁻?	⁴³Si	5/2+#
This table header & footer: view

^^mAl – Excitednuclear isomer.
^( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^Modes of decay:
IT: Isomeric transition
^Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^^a ^b# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^Used inradiodating events early in the Solar System's history andmeteorites
^cosmogenic

Aluminium-26

[edit]

Main article:Aluminium-26

The decay level scheme for²⁶Al and^26mAl to²⁶Mg.^[11]^[12]

Cosmogenic aluminium-26 was first described in studies of theMoon and meteorites. Meteorite fragments, after departure from their parent bodies, are exposed to intense cosmic-ray bombardment during their travel through space, causing substantial²⁶Al production. After falling to Earth, atmospheric shielding protects the meteorite fragments from further²⁶Al production, and its decay can then be used to determine the meteorite's terrestrial age. Meteorite research has also shown that²⁶Al was relatively abundant at the time of formation of our planetary system. Most meteoriticists believe that the energy released by the decay of²⁶Al was responsible for the melting anddifferentiation of someasteroids after their formation 4.55 billion years ago.^[13]

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^dKondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021)."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"(PDF).Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^"Standard Atomic Weights: Aluminium".CIAAW. 2017.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04)."Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603.ISSN 1365-3075.
^Dickin, A.P. (2005)."In situ Cosmogenic Isotopes".Radiogenic Isotope Geology. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-53017-0. Archived fromthe original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved16 July 2008.
^Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*".Chinese Physics C.45 (3) 030003.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^Kostyleva, D.; Xu, X.-D.; Mukha, I.; et al. (2025-07-10)."Isospin Symmetry Breaking Disclosed in the Decay of Three-Proton Emitter²⁰Al".Physical Review Letters.135 (2).doi:10.1103/hkmy-yfdk.hdl:10261/397616.ISSN 0031-9007.
^Kostyleva, D.; Xu, X.-D.; Mukha, I.; et al. (2024-09-03). "Observation and spectroscopy of the proton-unbound nucleus²¹Al".Physical Review C.110 (3).arXiv:2406.04771.doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.110.L031301.ISSN 2469-9985.
^Campbell, S. E.; Bollen, G.; Brown, B. A.; Dockery, A.; Ireland, C. M.; Minamisono, K.; Puentes, D.; Rickey, B. J.; Ringle, R.; Yandow, I. T.; Fossez, K.; Ortiz-Cortes, A.; Schwarz, S.; Sumithrarachchi, C. S.; Villari, A. C. C. (9 April 2024). "Precision Mass Measurement of the Proton Dripline Halo Candidate Al 22".Physical Review Letters.132 (15).doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.152501.
^Mougeot, X. (2019)."Towards high-precision calculation of electron capture decays".Applied Radiation and Isotopes.154 (108884).doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108884.
^^a ^bCrawford, H. L.; Tripathi, V.; Allmond, J. M.; et al. (2022)."CrossingN = 28 toward the neutron drip line: first measurement of half-lives at FRIB".Physical Review Letters.129 (212501) 212501.Bibcode:2022PhRvL.129u2501C.doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.212501.PMID 36461950.S2CID 253600995.
^"Physics 6805 Topics in Nuclear Physics". Ohio State University. Archived fromthe original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved12 June 2019.
^Diehl, R (13 Dec 2005)."²⁶Al in the inner Galaxy"(PDF).Astronomy & Astrophysics.449 (3):1025–1031.doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054301. Retrieved12 June 2019.
^R. T. Dodd (1986).Thunderstones and Shooting Stars. Harvard University Press. pp. 89–90.ISBN 978-0-674-89137-1.

Isotopes of thechemical elements

Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Period	Hydrogen and alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals													Pnictogens	Chalcogens	Halogens	Noble gases
①	Isotopes § List H 1																	Isotopes § List He 2
②	Isotopes § List Li 3	Isotopes § List Be 4											Isotopes § List B 5	Isotopes § List C 6	Isotopes § List N 7	Isotopes § List O 8	Isotopes § List F 9	Isotopes § List Ne 10
③	Isotopes § List Na 11	Isotopes § List Mg 12											Isotopes § List Al 13	Isotopes § List Si 14	Isotopes § List P 15	Isotopes § List S 16	Isotopes § List Cl 17	Isotopes § List Ar 18
④	Isotopes § List K 19	Isotopes § List Ca 20	Isotopes § List Sc 21	Isotopes § List Ti 22	Isotopes § List V 23	Isotopes § List Cr 24	Isotopes § List Mn 25	Isotopes § List Fe 26	Isotopes § List Co 27	Isotopes § List Ni 28	Isotopes § List Cu 29	Isotopes § List Zn 30	Isotopes § List Ga 31	Isotopes § List Ge 32	Isotopes § List As 33	Isotopes § List Se 34	Isotopes § List Br 35	Isotopes § List Kr 36
⑤	Isotopes § List Rb 37	Isotopes § List Sr 38	Isotopes § List Y 39	Isotopes § List Zr 40	Isotopes § List Nb 41	Isotopes § List Mo 42	Isotopes § List Tc 43	Isotopes § List Ru 44	Isotopes § List Rh 45	Isotopes § List Pd 46	Isotopes § List Ag 47	Isotopes § List Cd 48	Isotopes § List In 49	Isotopes § List Sn 50	Isotopes § List Sb 51	Isotopes § List Te 52	Isotopes § List I 53	Isotopes § List Xe 54
⑥	Isotopes § List Cs 55	Isotopes § List Ba 56	Isotopes § List Lu 71	Isotopes § List Hf 72	Isotopes § List Ta 73	Isotopes § List W 74	Isotopes § List Re 75	Isotopes § List Os 76	Isotopes § List Ir 77	Isotopes § List Pt 78	Isotopes § List Au 79	Isotopes § List Hg 80	Isotopes § List Tl 81	Isotopes § List Pb 82	Isotopes § List Bi 83	Isotopes § List Po 84	Isotopes § List At 85	Isotopes § List Rn 86
⑦	Isotopes § List Fr 87	Isotopes § List Ra 88	Isotopes § List Lr 103	Isotopes § List Rf 104	Isotopes § List Db 105	Isotopes § List Sg 106	Isotopes § List Bh 107	Isotopes § List Hs 108	Isotopes § List Mt 109	Isotopes § List Ds 110	Isotopes § List Rg 111	Isotopes § List Cn 112	Isotopes § List Nh 113	Isotopes § List Fl 114	Isotopes § List Mc 115	Isotopes § List Lv 116	Isotopes § List Ts 117	Isotopes § List Og 118
⑧	Isotopes § List Uue 119	Isotopes § List Ubn 120

			Isotopes § List La 57	Isotopes § List Ce 58	Isotopes § List Pr 59	Isotopes § List Nd 60	Isotopes § List Pm 61	Isotopes § List Sm 62	Isotopes § List Eu 63	Isotopes § List Gd 64	Isotopes § List Tb 65	Isotopes § List Dy 66	Isotopes § List Ho 67	Isotopes § List Er 68	Isotopes § List Tm 69	Isotopes § List Yb 70
			Isotopes § List Ac 89	Isotopes § List Th 90	Isotopes § List Pa 91	Isotopes § List U 92	Isotopes § List Np 93	Isotopes § List Pu 94	Isotopes § List Am 95	Isotopes § List Cm 96	Isotopes § List Bk 97	Isotopes § List Cf 98	Isotopes § List Es 99	Isotopes § List Fm 100	Isotopes § List Md 101	Isotopes § List No 102