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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Marplan, Enerzer |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Consumer Drug Information |
| MedlinePlus | a605036 |
| Routes of administration | By mouth |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Low, peak at 1–2 h[2] |
| Metabolism | Liver (Carboxylesterase[4]) |
| Metabolites | Hippuric acid[3] |
| Eliminationhalf-life | 1.5–4 h[2] |
| Excretion | Urine |
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| PubChemCID | |
| IUPHAR/BPS | |
| DrugBank |
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| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard(EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.399 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C12H13N3O2 |
| Molar mass | 231.255 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Isocarboxazid, sold under the brand nameMarplan among others, is a non-selectiveirreversiblemonoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of thehydrazine class used as anantidepressant.[5] Along withphenelzine andtranylcypromine, it is one of only three classical MAOIs still available for clinical use in the treatment ofpsychiatric disorders in the United States,[6][7] though it is not as commonly employed in comparison to the others.[6][7]
Isocarboxazid is primarily used to treatmood andanxiety disorders. It has also been investigated in the treatment ofschizophrenia,[8]Parkinson's disease, and otherdementia-related disorders.[9]
Isocarboxazid, as well as other MAOIs, increase the levels of themonoamine neurotransmittersserotonin,dopamine,norepinephrine,epinephrine,melatonin, andphenethylamine in the brain.[10]
Classical MAOIs, including isocarboxazid, are used only rarely due to prominentfood anddrug interactions and have been largely superseded by newer antidepressants such as theselective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The cause of the interactions is because MAOIs inhibit themetabolism of dietary amines (e.g.,tyramine) and the monoamine neurotransmitters. In combination with other drugs that increase the levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters such as the SSRIs, or with certain foods high in dietary amines such asaged cheeses, MAOIs can produce dangerous elevations of monoamine neurotransmitters resulting in potentially life-threatening syndromes such ashypertensive crisis andserotonin syndrome.
Isocarboxazid iscontraindicated[11][12] in certain patient populations, in combination with certain other drugs, and in combination with certain foods due to the risk of serious adverse reactions. Some notable contraindications include: