Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah | |
 | |
| Formation | 5 May 1928CE 15 Dhu al-Qadah 1346AH |
|---|---|
| Type | Socio-religious organization |
| Headquarters | Jl. Paseban Raya no. 11A,DKI Jakarta,Indonesia |
Region served | Indonesia |
Chairman | Syarfi Hutauruk |
Secretary-general | Drs. Zulhendri Chaniago, MM |
| Affiliations | Islamic Traditionalism (Sunni Islam) |
Union of Islamic Education (Indonesian:Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah,Jawi: ڤرستوان تربيه اسلاميه;Arabic: اتحاد التربية الإسلاميةIttiḥād at-Tarbiyah al-Islāmīyah), also known asPERTI, is anIslamicorganization inIndonesia. The organization was founded bySulaiman ar-Rasuli on May 5, 1928, in Candung,West Sumatra. In its development, PERTI had become apolitical party and gained fourPeople's Representative Council (DPR-RI) seats and seven Constituent seats in1955 general election.
The organization was founded asPersatuan Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah (Union of Islamic Education Schools) on May 5, 1928, bySulaiman ar-Rasuli at Canduang,Agam,West Sumatra. The organization was initially created as a union ofmadrasas founded bykaum tua (traditionalist) clerics inMinangkabau to compete withmodernist schools likeSumatera Thawalib. Sulaiman ar-Rasuli reformed hissurau asMadrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah (MTI) Canduang, an act that was followed by otherkaum tuaulama such asMuhammad Jamil Jaho andAbdul Wahid Saleh.[1] The organization saw itself as a successor ofIttihad Ulama Sumatra (Union of Sumatran Clerics) founded byMuhammad Saad Mungka in 1921[2] and a continuation of educational modernization led byAbbas Qadhi, another traditionalist cleric who modernized his surau inBukittinggi earlier in 1918.[3]
Around 1928–1937, the organization changed its name several times. One of these names isPersatuan Islam Indonesia (Indonesian Islamic Union) which caused the organization became under the surveillance ofDutch East Indies government.[4] In 1937,Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah (Union of Islamic Education, PERTI), a name suggested byRusli Abdul Wahid, was chosen as the new name of the organization. In 1938,Sirajuddin Abbas, son of Abbas Qadhi, was elected as the chairman of PERTI.[5]
PERTI initially participated in politics by joiningGabungan Politik Indonesia (GAPI) and giving its opinion on statehood to the Visman Commission in 1939. In 1943 during theJapanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, leaders of PERTI joined High Islamic Council (MIT) in Bukittinggi, an Islamic organization consisted of both traditionalist and modernist ulama inSumatra.[6]
At the PERTI conference on November 22, 1945, it was decided that PERTI transformed into apolitical party.[7] In 1950, Sirajuddin Abbas was chosen as Chairman of the Supreme Party Council, Rusli Abdul Wahid was chosen as Chairman of the Central Governing Council, and Sulaiman Ar-Rasuli was appointed as the Chairman of the Central Advisory Council.[8] In 1952, PERTI together withNahdlatul Ulama (NU),Indonesian Islamic Union Party, andDarud Da'wah wal Irsyad foundedLiga Muslimin Indonesia.[9]
In the 1955 legislative election, PERTI came tenth nationally, with 1.3 percent of the vote, winning four seats in the 257-seatPeople's Representative Council, three from Central Sumatra and one from North Sumatra and Aceh. Party leader Siradjuddin Abbas was elected to the legislature.[10][11] Three months later, it won a slightly smaller share of the vote in theConstituent Assembly election, resulting in the party obtaining seven of the 514 seats in theConstitutional Assembly, which was tasked with drawing up a permanent constitution. In the electoral district of Central Sumatra, where its central office was based, it came second to theMasyumi Party.[11] In the1971 legislative election, it won only 0.70 percent of the vote and two seats in the legislature.[12]
| Election | Total seats won | Total votes | Share of votes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1955 (legislature) | 4 / 257 | 483,014 | 1.28%[13] |
| 1955 (Constitutional Assembly) | 7 / 514 | 465,359 | 1.23%[14] |
| 1971 | 2 / 360 | 381,309 | 0.69%[15][a] |
Two PERTI leaders were appointed asministers of state duringSukarno's reign: Sirajuddin Abbas as Minister of Public Welfare[16] and Rusli Abdul Wahid as Minister of General Affairs and West Papua.[17]
On May 1, 1965, Rusli Abdul Wahid took full control of PERTI asRais Am, withRusli Halil as the chairman of the party. The transition of leadership was challenged by Sirajuddin Abbas andBaharuddin Arrasuli. As a result, PERTI was divided between Rusli faction and Sirajuddin faction.[18] In order to quell the dispute, Sulaiman ar-Rasuli on March 1, 1969, issued a call to return to nonpolitical roots of PERTI inKhitah 1928. The call, however, could not calm the conflict.[19]
During the earlier days ofSuharto'sNew Order regime, Sirajuddin faction adopted the nameTarbiyah in 1969 and became a staunch supporter ofGolkar.[20] On the other hand, Rusli faction retained thePERTI acronym and became an independent political party until its merger into theUnited Development Party (PPP) in 1973.[21][22][23]
The unification between two factions finally achieved through amuktamar islah (reconciliation conference) inJakarta on October 21–23, 2016. Based on themuktamar result, Basri Bermanda from Tarbiyah (ex-Golkar) was elected as chairman, while Mohammad Faisal Amin from PERTI (ex-PPP) was appointed as deputy chairman.[24]
On October 23–25, 2022, Muhammad Syarfi Hutauruk was chosen as the new chairman.[25] During the organization's anniversary on May 5, 2023, inPadang, Hutauruk stated that PERTI as an organization is no longer affiliated to any political parties.[26]
PERTI is widely known as akaum tua (traditionalist) organization which adheresShafi'i injurisprudence andAsh'ari increed.[27][28] PERTI acknowledgedSufiorders with some of its members and supporters are followers ofNaqshbandi[29] andShattari[30] order.
The Islamic Education Union was established inWest Sumatra, then spread to several regions in Indonesia such asAceh,Riau,Jambi, andBengkulu.
The main support of PERTI as an institution of education lies in itsmadrasa network, known asMadrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah (MTI). In 1939, more than 400 MTIs were established throughout theDutch East Indies with the farthest reach toLamakera,East Nusa Tenggara.[31] Likepesantren in Java, MTI in the early days only taught Islamic subjects before it is supplemented with secular lessons since 1950s.[32]
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