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Isirawa language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kwerbic language spoken in Indonesia
Isirawa
Saberi
Native toIndonesia
RegionPapua
Native speakers
(1,800 cited 2000)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3srl
Glottologisir1237
ELPIsirawa

Isirawa is aPapuan language spoken by about two thousand people on the north coast ofPapua province,Indonesia. It is a local trade language, and use is vigorous.Stephen Wurm (1975) linked it to theKwerba languages within theTrans–New Guinea family, and it does share about 20% of its vocabulary with neighboring Kwerba languages. However, based on its pronouns,Malcolm Ross (2005) felt he could not substantiate such a link, and left it as alanguage isolate. The pronouns are not, however, dissimilar from those ofOrya–Tor, which Ross links to Kwerba, and Donahue (2002) accept it as a Greater Kwerba language.

Locations

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InSarmi Regency, Isirawa is spoken in Amsira, Arabais, Arsania, Kamenawari, Mararena, Martewar, Nisero, Nuerawar, Perkami, Siaratesa, Waim, Wari, and Webro villages.[2]

Grammar

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In Isirawa, the feminine gender is associated with big objects, and masculine with small objects; the opposite association is found inTayap and theSepik languages, which classify large objects as masculine rather than feminine.[3]

Phonology

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Consonants

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LabialAlveolarPost-
alveolar
VelarGlottal
Nasalmn
Plosive/Affricateptk
Fricativevoicelessfsh
voicedβ
Rhoticɾ
Approximantwj
  • /n/ may be heard as [ɲ] when before /i/, and as [ŋ] when before /k/.
  • /k/ can be heard as [ʔ] in syllable-final positions after a vowel.
  • /j/ can also be heard as a fricative [ʝ] in free variation.
  • /w/ can also be heard as [ɣ] when between back vowels.[4]

Vowels

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FrontCentralBack
Highiu
Near-highɪ
High-mido
Low-midɛʌɔ
Lowa

Pronouns

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The Isirawa pronouns are,

Ia-, e
wenen-, ne
youo-, mə
allthird persone-, maə, ce, pe

Ross's reconstructed Orya–Tor pronouns are *ai 'I', *ne 'we' (inclusive), *emei 'thou', *em 'you'.

Isirawa pronoun paradigm as given in Foley (2018):[5]

pronounnominativeaccusativepossessive
1seafo
2sofoof
3sefoef
1dnenenfonenef
2dofnafoofnaf
3defnafoefnaf
1pnenenfɪvonenfɪ(v)
2pofɪvoofɪ(v)
3pefɪvoefɪ(v)

References

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  1. ^Isirawa atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019)."Indonesia languages".Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas:SIL International.
  3. ^Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.).The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432.ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  4. ^Oguri, Hiroko; Erickson, Carol J. (1975).A tentative phonology of Isirawa. In Irian 4(1). pp. 38–66.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^Foley, William A. (2018). "The languages of Northwest New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.).The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 433–568.ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  • Clouse, Duane, Mark Donohue and Felix Ma. 2002. "Survey report of the north coast of Irian Jaya."[1]
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