 | |
.jpg) Sugar free Irn-Bru in a glass, with the associated silver sugar free variant can | |
| Type | Carbonatedsoft drink |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | A.G. Barr |
| Origin | Scotland,Glasgow andFalkirk |
| Introduced | 1889 (as Iron Brew) 1899 (test launch) 1901 (officially) 2018 (new recipe) |
| Discontinued |
|
| Colour | Orange |
| Ingredients | |
| Variants |
|
| Website | irn-bru |
Irn-Bru (/ˌaɪərnˈbruː/ "iron brew",Scots:[ˌəirənˈbruː]) is aScottishcarbonatedsoft drink, often described as "Scotland's othernational drink" afterScotch whisky.[1] Introduced in 1901, the drink is produced inWestfield, Cumbernauld,North Lanarkshire, byA.G. Barr ofGlasgow. As well as being sold throughout the United Kingdom, Irn-Bru is available throughout the world and can usually be bought where there is a significant community of people from Scotland.[2] The brand also has its owntartan.[3] It has been the top-selling soft drink in Scotland for over a century, competing directly with global brands such asCoca-Cola.[4]
The flavour of Irn-Bru is known to be difficult to describe,[5][6] a fact that has even been used in the manufacturers' advertising.[7] Public surveys have turned up words such asTutti Frutti,bubble gum,cream soda,[5][6] and even an undertone of iron or rust that has been referred to as 'girders'.[8]
Originally selling it as Iron Brew, the drink's makers, A.G. Barr, were forced to change the name of the drink in 1946 following a change in the law that stipulated that the marketing of products be "literally true". As the drink did not contain muchiron, nor was it brewed, the passage of this legislation led the company to change the product's name to the presently used Irn-Bru.[9] Irn-Bru has long been the most popularly consumed soft drink in Scotland, consistently beating rivals such asCoca-Cola,Pepsi andFanta, and reportedly sells 20 cans every second throughout Scotland.[10] Irn-Bru is sold in a number of international food and drink markets, including countries such as the Netherlands, Spain, Belgium, Malta, certain countries of the African continent, the Middle East, and North America.[11]
Irn-Bru is known for its bright orange colour and unique flavour.[8] As of 1999, it contained 0.002% ofammonium ferric citrate, sugar, 32 flavouring agents includingcaffeine andquinine (but not in Australia), and two controversial colourings (Sunset Yellow FCFE110 andPonceau 4R E124). On 27 January 2010, soft-drink manufacturerA.G. Barr agreed to aFood Standards Agency voluntary ban on these two colourings although no date was set for their replacement.[12]
After lobbying byFirst Minister of ScotlandAlex Salmond, a proposed restriction of Sunset Yellow to 10 mg/litre was eased to 20 mg/litre in 2011 – the same amount present in Irn-Bru.[13] As of August 2024, Irn-Bru still contains these colourings.[14]
The first Iron Brew drink was produced by the Maas & Waldstein chemicals company of New York in 1889 under the name IRONBREW.[15] The drink was popular across North America and was widely copied. A similar beverage was launched in 1898 by London essence firm Stevenson & Howell that supplied soft drinks manufacturers in the UK and colonies. Many local bottlers around the UK began selling their own version of the beverage.[15]
Despite the official launch date for Barr's Iron Brew being given as 1901, the firms AG Barr & Co (Glasgow) and Robert Barr (Falkirk) jointly launched their own Iron Brew drink at least two years earlier, according to a document in the firm's archives which indicates that the drink was already enjoying strong sales by May 1899.[15] The strongman image which Barr's adopted for their bottle labels and advertising had been trademarked by the firm Stevenson & Howell in 1898.[16] Barr's ordered their labels directly from Stevenson & Howell, which also sold Barr's many of the individual flavours with which they mixed their own drinks.[15] An advertisement for Barr's Iron Brew dated 1900 featuring the original strongman label can be found in Falkirk's Local History Archives.[17]
Barr's trademark application for the brand name Irn-Bru dates from July 1946[18] when the drink was still off sale because of wartime regulations. The firm first commercialised their drink using this new name in 1948 once government SDI consolidation of the soft drinks industry had ended.[19] The name change followed the introduction of new labelling restrictions which cracked down on spurious health claims and introduced minimum standards for drinks claiming to contain minerals such as iron.[20] However, according to Robert Barr OBE (chairman 1947–1978), there was also a commercial rationale behind the unusual spelling. "Iron Brew" had come to be understood as a generic product category in the UK, whereas adopting the name "Irn-Bru" allowed the firm to have a legally protected brand identity that would enable the firm to benefit from the popularity of their wartime "Adventures of Ba-Bru" comic strip advertising.[15] (The "Iron Brew" name has continued to be used for many versions of the drink sold by rival manufacturers.)[21]
1980 saw the introduction of Low Calorie Irn-Bru: this was re-launched in 1991 asDiet Irn-Bru and again in 2011 as Irn-Bru Sugar Free. The Irn-Bru 32energy drink variant was launched in 2006, but was discontinued shortly after.
Irn-Bru has long been the most popular soft drink in Scotland, withCoca-Cola second, but competition between the two brands brought their sales to roughly equal levels by 2003.[22] It is also the third best selling soft drink in the UK,[23] after Coca-Cola and Pepsi, outselling high-profile brands such asFanta,Dr Pepper,Sprite and7 Up. This success in defending its home market (a feat claimed only by Irn-Bru,Inca Kola andThums Up; Thums Up sold out toCoca-Cola in 1993, and Inka Kola ownersCorporación Lindley S.A. entered into a joint venture with Coca-Cola in 1999, giving up all rights to the name outside Peru) led to ongoing speculation that Coca-Cola,PepsiCo, Inc. or its UK brand franchiseeBritvic would attempt to buy A.G. Barr. In November 2012 AG Barr and Britvic announced a merger proposal,[24] but in July 2013 the merger collapsed when terms could not be agreed.[25]
Irn-Bru's advertising slogans used to be 'Scotland's other National Drink', referring towhisky, and 'Made in Scotland fromgirders', a reference to the rusty colour of the drink;[26] though the closest one can come to substantiating this claim is the 0.002%ammonium ferric citrate listed in the ingredients.
Fiery Irn-Bru, a limited edition variant, was released in autumn 2011. It was packaged with a black and orange design, and with the signature man icon with an added image of a fire. It featured the traditional Irn-Bru flavour with an aftertaste similar to ginger.[27][28]
Irn-Bru was also sold in reusable 750 ml glass bottles[29] which, like other Barr's drinks, were able to be returned to the manufacturer in exchange for a 30 pence (previously 20p) deposit paid on purchase. This scheme was widely available in shops across Scotland and led to the colloquial term for an empty: a "glass cheque".[30][31] As a result of a 40% drop in returned bottles since the 1990s Barr deemed the washing and re-filling process uneconomical,[32] and on 1 January 2016 ceased the scheme.[30][31]
2016 saw the introduction of the current logo, conveying "strength" and an "industrial feel",[33] and a new diet variant called Irn-Bru Xtra[34][35] in different branding to the existing sugar free variety in a similar fashion toCoca-Cola Zero andPepsi Max.
Barr changed the formula of Irn-Bru in January 2018 in response to asugar tax implemented in the UK in April 2018, intended to combat obesity.[36] By reducing the sugar content to less than 5g per 100ml, Barr has made Irn-Bru exempt from the tax.[37] The manufacturer asserted that "most people will not be able to tell the difference in flavour between the old and new formulas", but fans of the drink launched an unsuccessful 'Save Real Irn-Bru' campaign to stop or reverse the change,[38] and began stocking up on the more sugary formula.[39]
In May 2019, Barr announced a new energy drink variant of Irn-Bru called Irn-Bru Energy, which was released on 1 July 2019.[40]
In October 2019, Barr announced the launch of the "Irn-Bru 1901". The drink would be available for a limited time and use the original recipe from 1901.[41] In March 2021, Barr announced the relaunch of "Irn-Bru 1901" as a permanent addition to the Irn-Bru lineup.[42]
Irn-Bru was the only soft drink on sale at the2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, Scotland, due to a sponsorship arrangement. Member of the US House of RepresentativesAlexandria Ocasio-Cortez tried Irn-Bru at COP26 and said she loved it, and that it tasted just like the Latino sodaKola Champagne. The response from others at the conference ranged from strong dislike to strong liking.[43] The volume of editorial and opinion publicity the drink gained on social and print media was described as "the summit's surprise", coverage worth millions. However, AG Barr's share price remained relatively flat at the time.[44]
It is produced inWestfield, Cumbernauld,North Lanarkshire, since Barr's moved out of theirParkhead,Glasgow factory in the mid-2000s. In 2011, Irn-Bru closed their factory in Mansfield, making the Westfield plant in Cumbernauld the main location for production.[45] Other manufacturing locations include the English city ofSheffield.[46]
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Barr's actively promoted their Irn-Bru from the outset, with some of their earliest ads featuring world champion wrestlers and Highland Games athletesDonald Dinnie and Alex Munro who endorsed the drink by means of personal testimonials.[47] In the 1930s, the firm began a long-running series of comic strip ads entitled "The Adventures of Ba-Bru" which ran in various local papers from April 1939 until October 1970.[48] The last traces of this campaign, a large neon sign featuring Ba-Bru which stood in Union St aboveGlasgow Central railway station, was removed in 1983 and replaced with an illuminated display featuring the tagline "Your Other National Drink".[49]
Barr has a long-establishedgimmick associating Irn-Bru withScottishness, stemming from the claim of its being Scotland's most popular soft drink. A tagline, "Made in Scotland from girders", was used for several years from the 1980s, usually featuring Irn-Bru drinkers becoming unusually strong, durable or magnetic.[50][8]
An advertising campaign launched in Spring 2000 aimed to "dramatise the extraordinary appeal of Irn-Bru in a likeably maverick style".[51] David Amers, Planning Director, said: "Irn-Bru is the likeable maverick of the soft drinks market and these ads perfectly capture the brand's spirit." One involved a grandfather (played by actor Robert Wilson) who removed his false teeth to spoil his grandson's interest in his can of Irn-Bru. A further TV advertisement featured a senior citizen in amobility scooter robbing a local shopping market of a supply of Irn-Bru.[52][53]
In 2004 the company created a new concept "Phenomenal".[54] In 2006 the company launched its first Christmas adverts. This campaign consisted of a parody commercial of a popular Christmas Cartoon,The Snowman, and was effective in interesting American audiences in the Irn-Bru brand.[55][56] A sequel to the commercial would later be released in December 2018.[57][58]Further advertising campaigns for Irn-Bru appeared in conjunction with the release of Irn-Bru 32 in 2006.[59][60]
A 2009 advertisement for the product featured a group of high school pupils performing a musical number, with the refrain "It's fizzy, it's ginger, it's phenomenal!" It was a parody ofHigh School Musical, and starredJack Lowden.[61][better source needed] In 2012 the company changed its slogan to "gets you through", which see a number of people drinking Irn-Bru to get through tough situations.[62] In response to theCoca-Cola 'Share a Coke' campaign, Barr decided to produce thousands of limited edition 750 ml bottles ofIrn-Bru with the names 'Fanny', 'Senga', 'Rab' and 'Tam' on the label, mimicking that by Coca-Cola.[63] The use of the name 'Fanny' ties in with one ofIrn-Bru's controversial marketing advertisements.[64]
One of the most controversial Irn-Bru television adverts evoked 1950s entertainment. A mother plays the piano, while the father and two children deliver a song which ends with the mother singing: "...even though I used to be a man". This advertisement was broadcast in 2000, but when it was repeated in 2003, it led to seventeen complaints[65] about it being offensive to members of the transgender community. Issue A14 of theOfcom Advertising Complaints bulletin reports that the children's response to their mother's claim was not offensive. According to the advertising agency Leith, the advertisement was meant to "create a sense of humour while confirming the maverick nature of the brand".[66] However, the scene involving the mother shaving at the end of the advertisement was deemed by Ofcom to be "capable of causing offence by strongly reinforcing negative stereotypes", and so it was taken off the air.[66]
In 2003, an Irn-Bru commercial which showed amidwife trying to entice a baby from its mother's womb during a difficult delivery sparked fifty complaints. Some saw it as upsetting to women who had sufferedmiscarriages.[67] One billboard that drew criticism featured a young woman in abikini along with the slogan "Diet Irn-Bru. I never knew four-and-a-half inches could give so much pleasure".[68] Another featured a picture of a cow with the slogan "When I'm a burger, I want to be washed down with Irn-Bru". This billboard resulted in over 700 complaints but was cleared by advertisement watchdogs.[69] According to a 2003 BBC report, a billboard which featured a depressedgoth and the slogan "Cheer up Goth. Have an Irn-Bru." was also criticised for inciting bullying.[70]
| Name | Launched |
|---|---|
| Irn-Bru | 1901 |
| Irn-Bru Sugar Free formerly Diet Irn-Bru (1991–2011) | 1991 |
| Irn-Bru XS | 1995 |
| Irn-Bru 32 | 2006 |
| Fiery Irn-Bru | 2011[71] |
| Irn-Bru Xtra | 2016 |
| Irn-Bru Energy Irn-Bru Energy Sugar Free | 2019[72] |
| Irn-Bru Crimbo Juice | 2019[73] |
| Irn-Bru 1901 | 2019[41] |
| Irn-Bru Xtra Tropical Irn-Bru Xtra Ice Cream | 2023[74] |
| Pwr-Bru Origin(Original) Pwr-Bru Diablo(Cherry) Pwr-Bru Dropkick(Tropical) Pwr-Bru Maverick(Berry) | 2023[75] |
| Irn-Bru Xtra Raspberry Ripple Irn-Bru Xtra Wild Berry Slush | 2024[76] |
| Pwr-Bru Dynamo(Fruit Punch) | 2025[77] |
| Irn-Bru Xtra Nessie Nectar Irn-Bru Xtra Unicorn Tears | 2025[78] |
| Irn-Bru Winter Bru(Spiced Cinnamon & Ginger) | 2025[79] |
McCowan's also produced Irn-Bru Bars, chewy, fizzy, bright orangeconfectionery bars which taste strongly of Irn-Bru, though production ended in late 2005. Irn-Brusorbet is available in some speciality ice cream shops in Scotland.[80]
The drink can be used as a mixer with alcoholic beverages, mainlyvodka andwhisky. Barr launched analcopop drink combining Irn-Bru andBell's whisky, although this proved to be unpopular and was discontinued.[81]
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In Australia, Irn-Bru was manufactured and distributed under licence by Occasio Australia until 2009. It was available in 500 ml and 1.25-litre in both standard and diet. The drink enjoyed growing success in the country, with its first advertising campaign launched inQueensland in September 2007. It was initially available in major chains such asColes andWoolworths,Caltex service stations and in many independent grocers and convenience stores. It was then delisted atColes Supermarkets. Because of manufacturing and bottling issues, Occasio ceased local production in late 2009. It is now imported direct from the UK and distributed by British Provender,[82] and can again be found in the international sections of major supermarket chains and some convenience stores.
Irn-Bru sold in Canada contained no caffeine until 2011, following the decision by Health Canada to repeal the ban on caffeine on non cola soft drinks in March 2010.[83] Non-cola soft drinks can now contain up to 150ppm of caffeine. Now[when?] bottles of Irn-Bru have the label 'Now Contains caffeine' on the packaging.[84] Irn-Bru in Canada is distributed by TFB & Associates Ltd from Markham, Ontario but is packaged by A.G. Barr in Glasgow, Scotland. Irn-Bru can be found atSobeys,Co-op andWalmart supermarkets. The now-defunct McKinlay soft-drink company inGlace Bay,Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada, offered its own non-licensed beverage calledIrn-Bru and later "Cape Breton's Irn-Bru". It was a brown carbonated soft-drink with a fruity cola taste.[85]
The standard Irn-Bru distributed in Canada also contains the "Not a source of iron" disclaimer on the label.The UK version of the drink (with caffeine) was imported by speciality retailers to Canada, given the large Scottish populations in Canada, with the country accounting for the largest number of Scottish expats in the world.[86]
In 2014,[87] Irn-Bru was incorrectly reported[88] to have been one of a number of imported products, includingMarmite, banned inCanada as a result of its additives in its ingredients[87] due to a shipment being confiscated; however, a statement released by theGovernment of Canada in October 2020 reiterated that "Irn-Bru and Marmite are not banned for sale in Canada. These products have been available on Canadian store shelves for more than a decade and will continue to be sold in stores across Canada. ...Imported products, including Irn Bru and Marmite, that meet Canadian requirements under Canada's Food and Drug Regulations are and will continue to be available for sale in Canada."[88]
Irn-Bru is available throughout the Middle East. It is found mostly inLuLu supermarkets.[89]
Irn-Bru entered the Norwegian market in May 2008. They had to withdraw from the market again in 2009 as a result of problems with production agreements and lack of funding for marketing. They were believed to be sponsoring theNorwegian First Division clubMjøndalen IF in 2009. This later turned out to be fraud carried out by a third-party company, and Mjøndalen IF never received any sponsorship from Irn-Bru, even though the team played the 2009 season with the Irn-Bru logo on their shirts.[90] It is available in the Republic of Ireland, increasingly being stocked inBWG andADM Londis supplied stores, as well as in supermarkets owned byDunnes Stores andTesco Ireland. In Ireland generally, the drink mainly sells inCounty Donegal.[91]
Other European territories where Irn Bru is sold includeSpain, theNetherlands,Germany,Gibraltar,Belgium,Poland,Malta,Greece andCyprus.[92] In September 2010, profits inEngland andWales had increased, with half year pre-tax profits rising 18.8% to £16 million.[93] By July 2024, A.G. Barr, the manufacturers of the drink, were estimated to make £221 million in sales in England alone for the first six months (January–June) of 2024, a 7% increase in sales from the previous year.[94]
Irn-Bru began being sold in Russia in 1997, and by 2002, it had become their third best selling soft drink. After its original bottler went out of business, a new deal was signed for the drink to be manufactured and distributed in larger quantities by thePepsi Bottling Group of Russia in 2002.[95] Its popularity has been attributed to the drink's apparent similarity to discontinued Soviet-era soft drinks.[95] As of 2011, Irn-Bru sales in Russia were still growing.[96]
On 4 March 2022, due to the ongoing2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, A.G. Barr cut ties with the Russian market.[97]
Irn-Bru and Diet Irn-Bru have been formulated since 2002 by A.G. Barr to meet the regulations for food colouring of theFood & Drug Administration (FDA).Ponceau 4R, used in the UK formulation, is prohibited by the FDA.[98] Barr uses alternative food and drink colourants manufactured by a US company approved by the FDA. The product labelling also meets US labelling standards on nutritional information and bar code.
It had trademarked 'Irn Bru', while others sold Iron Brew
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