| Lig_chan | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 x-ray structure of the glur6 ligand binding core (s1s2a) in complex with glutamate at 1.65 a resolution | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Lig_chan | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF00060 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0030 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001320 | ||||||||
| SCOP2 | 1gr2 /SCOPe /SUPFAM | ||||||||
| TCDB | 1.A.10 | ||||||||
| OPM superfamily | 8 | ||||||||
| OPM protein | 3kg2 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) areligand-gated ion channels that are activated by theneurotransmitterglutamate.[1] They mediate the majority of excitatorysynaptic transmission throughout thecentral nervous system and are key players insynaptic plasticity, which is important forlearning andmemory. iGluRs have been divided into four subtypes on the basis of their ligand binding properties (pharmacology) andsequence similarity:AMPA receptors,kainate receptors,NMDA receptors anddelta receptors (see below).[2]
AMPA receptors are the main charge carriers during basal transmission, permitting influx ofsodiumions to depolarise the postsynapticmembrane. NMDA receptors are blocked bymagnesiumions and therefore only permit ion flux following prior depolarisation. This enables them to act ascoincidence detectors for synaptic plasticity. Calcium influx through NMDA receptors leads to persistent modifications in the strength ofsynaptic transmission.[3][4]
iGluRs are tetramers (they are formed of four subunits). All subunits have a shared architecture with four domain layers: two extracellular clamshell domains called the N-terminal domain (NTD) and ligand-binding domain (LBD; which binds glutamate), the transmembrane domain (TMD) that forms theion channel, and an intracellular C-terminal domain (CTD).[5]
AMPA receptors: GluA1/GRIA1; GluA2/GRIA2; GluA3/GRIA3; GluA4/GRIA4;
delta receptors: GluD1/GRID1; GluD2/GRID2;
kainate receptors: GluK1/GRIK1; GluK2/GRIK2; GluK3/GRIK3; GluK4/GRIK4; GluK5/GRIK5;
NMDA receptors: GluN1/GRIN1; GluN2A/GRIN2A; GluN2B/GRIN2B; GluN2C/GRIN2C; GluN2D/GRIN2D; GluN3A/GRIN3A; GluN3B/GRIN3B;
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