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International Commission on Illumination

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International authority on light, illumination, colour, and colour spaces

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International Commission on Illumination
Commission Internationale de l'éclairage Internationale Beleuchtungskommission

Abbreviation	CIE
Formation	1913; 113 years ago (1913)
Type	INGO
Location	Vienna, Austria
Region served	Worldwide
Official language	English, French, German
President	Jennifer Veitch
Website	cie.co.at

TheCIE 1931 colour space chromaticity diagram with wavelengths innanometers. The colors depicted depend on thecolor space of the device on which the image is viewed.

TheInternational Commission on Illumination (abbreviatedCIE for its French name,Commission internationale de l'éclairage, buthistorically abbreviatedICI in English^{[citation needed]}) is the international authority onlight,illumination,colour, andcolour spaces. It was established in 1913 as a successor to theCommission Internationale de Photométrie, which was founded in 1900. It is based inVienna, Austria.

Organization

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The CIE has six active divisions,^[1] each of which establishes technical committees^[2] to carry out its program:

Division 1: Vision and Colour^[3]
Division 2: Physical Measurement of Light and Radiation^[4]
Division 3: Interior Environment and Lighting Design^[5]
Division 4: Transportation and Exterior Applications^[6]
Division 6: Photobiology and Photochemistry^[7]
Division 8: Image Technology^[8]

Two divisions are no longer active.

Division 5: Exterior Lighting and Other Applications^[9]
Division 7: General Aspects of Lighting^[10]

The President of the CIE as of 2026^[update] is Jennifer Veitch from Canada.^[11]

CIE publishes Technical Reports (TRs), International Standards (ISs) and Technical Notes (TNs). International Standards (ISs) are often further developed as dual standards with theISO orIEC.^[12]

Milestones

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In 1924 it established thestandard photopic observer defined by the spectralluminous efficiency functionV(λ), followed in 1951 by the standard scotopic observer defined by the functionV′(λ).
A chromaticity plot in three dimensions of theCIELUV color space
Building on theOptical Society of America's report oncolorimetry in 1922,^[13] the CIE convened its eighth session in 1931, with the intention of establishing an international agreement on colorimetric specifications and updating the OSA's 1922 recommendations based on the developments during the past decade.^[14] The meeting, held inCambridge,United Kingdom, concluded with the formalization of theCIE 1931 XYZ color space & RGB color space and definitions of the 1931 CIE 2°standard observer with the correspondingcolor matching functions, andstandard illuminants A, B, and C.

In 1964 the 10° CIE standard observer and its corresponding color matching functions as well as the new standard daylightilluminant D6500 were added, as well as a method for calculating daylight illuminants atcorrelated color temperatures other than 6500kelvins.
In 1976, the commission developed theCIELAB andCIELUV color spaces, which are widely used today.
Based on CIELAB, color difference formulas CIEDE94 and CIEDE2000 were recommended in the corresponding years.

References

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^"Divisions". Retrieved14 October 2021.
^"Technical Committees". Retrieved14 October 2021.
^"Division 1: Vision and Colour".cie.co.at. CIE.
^"Division 2: Physical Measurement of Light and Radiation".cie.co.at. CIE.
^"Division 3: Interior Environment and Lighting Design".cie.co.at. CIE.
^"Division 4: Transportation and Exterior Applications".cie.co.at. CIE.
^"Division 6: Photobiology and Photochemistry".cie.co.at. CIE.
^"Division 8: Image Technology".cie.co.at. CIE.
^International Commission on Illumination (2019).Proceedings of the 29th Session of the CIE, Volume 2. CIE. p. 5.ISBN 978-3-902842-74-9.
^International Commission on Illumination (1999).Proceedings of the 24th Session of the CIE, Volume 2. CIE. p. 8.ISBN 3-900-734-93-3.
^"Governing Board".cie.co.at. Retrieved8 February 2026.
^"CIE Publications - Premium Source for Knowledge on Light and Lighting | CIE".cie.co.at. Retrieved25 June 2022.
^Troland, L. T. (August 1922)."Report of Committee on Colorimetry for 1920–21".Journal of the Optical Society of America.6 (6):527–96.Bibcode:1922JOSA....6..527T.doi:10.1364/JOSA.6.000527. The report defined colour as follows: "Color is the general name for all sensations arising from the activity of the retina of the eye and its attached nervous mechanisms, this activity being, in nearly every case in the normal individual, a specific response to radiant energy of certain wave-lengths and intensities."
^Jones, L. A. (1943). "Historical background and evolution of the colorimetry report".Journal of the Optical Society of America.33 (10):534–43.Bibcode:1943JOSA...33..534J.doi:10.1364/JOSA.33.000534.

External links

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CIE Website
CIE 082-1990:History of the CIE, 1913–1988
Inter-Society Color Council

Color topics

Color science

Color physics	Electromagnetic spectrum Light Rainbow Visible Spectral colors Chromophore Structural coloration Animal coloration Color of chemicals Water Spectral power distribution Colorimetry
Color perception	Chromesthesia Sonochromatism Color blindness Achromatopsia Dichromacy Color calibration Color constancy Color task Color code Color temperature Color vision test Evolution of color vision Impossible colors Metamerism Opponent process Afterimage Unique hues Tetrachromacy The dress
Color psychology	Color symbolism Color preferences Lüscher color test Kruithof curve Political color National colors Chromophobia Chromotherapy
Color reproduction	Color photography Color balance Color cast Digital image processing Color management Color printing Multi-primary color display Quattron Color model additive RGB subtractive CMYK Color space Image color transfer

Color
philosophy

Color scheme	Color tool Monochromatic colors Black and white Grisaille Complementary colors Analogous colors Achromatic colors (Neutral) Polychromatic colors Light-on-dark Web colors Tinctures in heraldry
Color theory	Color mixing Primary color Secondary color Chromaticity Color solid Color wheel Color triangle Color analysis (fashion) Color realism (art style) On Vision and Colours (Schopenhauer) Theory of Colours (Goethe)

Color terms

Basic English terms	Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Purple Pink Brown White Gray Black
Cultural differences	Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate Blue–green distinction in language Color history Black-and-white dualism Blue in culture Color in Chinese culture Traditional colors of Japan Human skin color
Color dimensions	Hue Dichromatism Colorfulness Pastel colors Luminance Lightness Darkness Brightness Iridescence Fluorescence Grayscale Tint, shade and tone

Color
organizations

Names

Lists	Alphabetical List of colors: A–F G–M N–Z Full list List of colors by shade List of color palettes List of color spaces List of Crayola crayon colors history Color chart List of RAL colors List of web colors
Shades of:	Red Orange Yellow Green Cyan Blue Violet Purple Magenta Pink Brown White Gray Black

v t e International Science Council (ISC)
National members	Albania Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia & Herzegovina Republika Srpska Botswana Brazil ANPOCS Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cameroon Canada SSHRC Chile China CASS Colombia Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Cuba Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Egypt El Salvador Estonia Eswatini Ethiopia Finland France Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Honduras Hungary India ICSSR Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya North Korea South Korea KSSRC KAST Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mauritius Mexico COMECSO Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria North Macedonia Norway UB Oman Pakistan PAS PCSIR Panama Peru Philippines PSSC Poland Portugal Romania Russia Rwanda Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa HSRC Spain Sri Lanka Sudan SNAS Sweden Switzerland Switzerland Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tunisia Turkey Science Academy TÜBİTAK Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom British Academy ESRC United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vatican City Venezuela Vietnam Zambia Zimbabwe RCZ
Transnational members	ACSS AASSREC CASS CLACSO CODESRIA FLACSO UAI OSSREA USP
Unions and associations	4S IALS IASSA IAU ICA IEA IFSM IGU IMU INQUA IPRA IPSA ISA ISEE ISPRS IUBMB IUBS IUCr IUFoST IUFRO IUGG IUGS IUHPST IUIS IUMRS IUMS IUNS IUPAB IUPAC IUPAP IUPESM IUPHAR IUPS IUPsyS IUSS IUSSP IUTAM IUTOX URSI WAPOR WAU
Affiliated members	AAS AASSA ACSS ASTC CIE EADI ECPR FIG GYA IAAP IAHR IASC ICA ICIAM ICLAS ICO ICSTI IFDO IFIP IFLA IFS IIASA ISA ISDE IUVSTA IWA PSA SSRC TNI TWAS UIS

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF GND WorldCat
National	United States France BnF data Portugal Norway Croatia Israel
Academics	CiNii
Artists	Museum of Modern Art
Other	IdRef Yale LUX

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Organization

Milestones

See also

References

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