Detailed hierarchical classification
TheInternational Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD ) is a detailedhierarchical classification of allheadache -relateddisorders published by theInternational Headache Society .[ 1] World Health Organization , and, in 1992, was incorporated into the 10th edition of theirInternational Classification of Diseases ICD-10 ).[ 2] quantities rather than vague terms likeseveral orusually —that are based onclinical andlaboratory observations.[ 2]
The ICHD was first published in 1988 (now known as the ICHD-1). A second version, the ICHD-2, was published in 2004. The most current version, ICHD-3, was published in 2018.[ 3] [ 4]
[ edit ] Migraine without auraMigraine withaura Childhood periodic syndromes that are commonly precursors of migraine Retinal migraine Complications of migraine Migraine-triggered seizure Probable migraine [ edit ] Infrequent episodictension-type headache Frequent episodic tension-type headache Chronic tension-type headache Probable tension-type headache [ edit ] Cluster headache Paroxysmal hemicrania Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)Probable trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia [ edit ] Primary stabbing headache Primary cough headache Primary exertional headache Primaryheadache associated with sexual activity Hypnic headache Primarythunderclap headache Hemicrania continua New daily persistent headache (NDPH)Secondary headaches [ edit ] [ edit ] Acute post-traumatic headacheAcute post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severehead injury Acute post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury Chronic post-traumatic headacheChronic post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severe head injury Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury Acute headache attributed towhiplash injury Chronic headache attributed to whiplash injury Headache attributed to traumaticintracranial haematoma Headache attributed to epidural haematoma Headache attributed to subdural haematoma Headache attributed to other head and/or neck traumaAcute headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma Chronic headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma Post-craniotomy headacheAcute post-craniotomy headache Chronic post-craniotomy headache [ edit ] Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack[ 5] Headache attributed toischaemic stroke (cerebral infarction) Headache attributed totransient ischaemic attack (TIA) Headache attributed to non-traumaticintracranial haemorrhage Headache attributed tointracerebral haemorrhage Headache attributed tosubarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) Headache attributed to unrupturedvascular malformation Headache attributed tosaccular aneurysm Headache attributed toarteriovenous malformation (AVM) Headache attributed todural arteriovenous fistula Headache attributed tocavernous angioma Headache attributed to encephalotrigeminal or leptomeningeal angiomatosis (Sturge Weber syndrome ) Headache attributed toarteritis Headache attributed togiant cell arteritis (GCA) Headache attributed to primarycentral nervous system (CNS) angiitis Headache attributed to secondary central nervous system (CNS) angiitis Carotid or vertebral artery painHeadache or facial or neck pain attributed to arterial dissection Post-endarterectomy headache Carotidangioplasty headache Headache attributed to intracranialendovascular procedures Angiography headache Headache attributed tocerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) Headache attributed to other intracranial vascular disorderCADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)MELAS (eitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes)Headache attributed to benignangiopathy of the central nervous system Headache attributed topituitary apoplexy [ edit ] Headache attributed to highcerebrospinal fluid pressureHeadache attributed toidiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to metabolic, toxic or hormonal causes Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary tohydrocephalus Headache attributed tolow cerebrospinal fluid pressure Post-dural puncture headache CSF fistula headache Headache attributed tospontaneous (or idiopathic) low CSF pressure Headache attributed to non-infectiousinflammatory disease Headache attributed toneurosarcoidosis Headache attributed toaseptic (non-infectious) meningitis Headache attributed to other non-infectious inflammatory disease Headache attributed tolymphocytic hypophysitis Headache attributed tointracranial neoplasm Headache attributed toincreased intracranial pressure orhydrocephalus caused by neoplasm Headache attributed directly to neoplasm Headache attributed tocarcinomatous meningitis Headache attributed tohypothalamic orpituitary hyper- or hyposecretion Headache attributed tointrathecal injection Headache attributed toepileptic seizure Hemicrania epileptica Post-seizure headache Headache attributed toChiari malformation type I (CM1) Syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluidlymphocytosis (HaNDL)Headache attributed to other non-vascular intracranial disorder [ edit ] Headache induced by acute substance use or exposureNitric oxide (NO) donor-induced headacheImmediate NO donor-induced headache Delayed NO donor-headache Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor -induced headacheCarbon monoxide -induced headacheAlcohol -induced headache.Immediate alcohol-induced headache Delayed alcohol-induced headache Headache induced by food components and additivesMonosodium glutamate -induced headache Cocaine -induced headacheCannabis -induced headacheHistamine -induced headacheImmediate histamine-induced headache Delayed histamine-induced headache Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-induced headacheImmediate CGRP-induced headache Delayed CGRP-induced headache Headache as an acuteadverse event attributed to medication used for other indications Headache attributed to other acute substance use or exposure Medication-overuse headache (MOH)Ergotamine -overuse headacheTriptan -overuse headacheAnalgesic -overuse headacheOpioid -overuse headacheCombination analgesic-overuse headache Medication-overuse headache attributed to combination of acute medications Headache attributed to other medication overuse Probable medication-overuse headache Headache as an adverse event attributed to chronic medicationExogenous hormone -induced headache Headache attributed tosubstance withdrawal caffeine-withdrawal headacheopioid-withdrawal headacheOestrogen -withdrawal headacheHeadache attributed to withdrawal from chronic use of other substances infection [ edit ] Headache attributed tointracranial infection Headache attributed tobacterial meningitis Headache attributed tolymphocytic meningitis Headache attributed toencephalitis Headache attributed tobrain abscess Headache attributed tosubdural empyema Headache attributed tosystemic infection Headache attributed tosystemic bacterial infection Headache attributed to systemicviral infection Headache attributed to other systemic infection Headache attributed toHIV/AIDS Chronic post-infection headacheChronic post-bacterial meningitis headache homeostasis [ edit ] Headache attributed tohypoxia and/orhypercapnia High-altitude headache Diving headache Sleep apnoea headache Dialysis headacheHeadache attributed toarterial hypertension Headache attributed tophaeochromocytoma Headache attributed tohypertensive crisis without hypertensive encephalopathy Headache attributed tohypertensive encephalopathy Headache attributed topre-eclampsia Headache attributed toeclampsia Headache attributed to acutepressor response to an exogenous agent Headache attributed tohypothyroidism Headache attributed tofasting Cardiac cephalalgia Headache attributed to other disorder of homoeostasis [ edit ] Headache attributed to disorder ofcranial bone Headache attributed to disorder ofneck Cervicogenic headache Headache attributed toretropharyngeal tendonitis Headache attributed tocraniocervical dystonia Headache attributed todisorder of eyes Headache attributed toacute glaucoma Headache attributed torefractive errors Headache attributed toheterophoria orheterotropia (latent or manifest squint) Headache attributed to ocularinflammatory disorder Headache attributed to disorder ofears Headache attributed torhinosinusitis Headache attributed to disorder of teeth, jaws or related structures Headache or facial pain attributed totemporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder Headache attributed to other disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structures
[ edit ] Headache attributed tosomatization disorder Headache attributed topsychotic disorder [ edit ] [ edit ] ICHD 13.1, ICD10 G44.847:Trigeminal neuralgia Glossopharyngeal neuralgia Nervus intermedius neuralgiaSuperior laryngeal neuralgiaNasociliary neuralgiaSupraorbital neuralgiaOther terminal branch neuralgias Occipital neuralgia Neck-tongue syndrome External compression headache Cold-stimulus headache Constant pain caused by compression, irritation or distortion of cranial nerves or upper cervical roots by structural lesions Optic neuritis Ocular diabetic neuropathy Head or facial pain attributed toherpes zoster Head or facial pain attributed to acute herpes zoster Post-herpetic neuralgia Tolosa–Hunt syndrome Opthalamoplegic migraine Central causes of facial painAnaesthesia dolorosa Central post-stroke pain Facial pain attributable tomultiple sclerosis Persistent idiopathic facial pain (the IHS's preferred term foratypical facial pain ) Burning mouth syndrome Other cranial neuralgia or other centrally mediated facial pain [ edit ] Headache not elsewhere classified Headache unspecified ^ Headache Classification Subcommittee of theInternational Headache Society (2004)."The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition" (PDF) .Cephalalgia .24 (Supplement 1).Oxford , England, UK:Blackwell Publishing :1– 160.ISSN 0333-1024 . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved4 June 2016 . ^a b Olesen, Jes; Goadsby, Peter J.; Ramadan, Nabih M.; Tfelt-Hansen, Peter; Welch, K. Michael A. (2006).The Headaches (3rd ed.).Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , United States:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins . pp. 1– 13.ISBN 0-7817-5400-3 ^ Website The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition ^ Kim, Byung-Kun; Cho, Soo-Jin; Kim, Byung-Su; Sohn, Jong-Hee; Kim, Soo-Kyoung; Cha, Myoung-Jin; Song, Tae-Jin; Kim, Jae-Moon; Park, Jeong Wook; Chu, Min Kyung; Park, Kwang-Yeol; Moon, Heui-Soo (January 2016)."Comprehensive Application of the International Classification of Headache Disorders Third Edition, Beta Version" .Journal of Korean Medical Science .31 (1):106– 113.doi :10.3346/jkms.2016.31.1.106 .ISSN 1011-8934 .PMC 4712567 PMID 26770045 . ^ Oliveira, Felipe Araujo Andrade; Sampaio Rocha-Filho, Pedro Augusto (22 March 2019). "Headaches Attributed to Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack".Headache .59 (3):469– 476.doi :10.1111/head.13478 .ISSN 1526-4610 .PMID 30667047 .
