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Intermeshing-rotor helicopter

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Helicopter with two rotors turning in opposite directions

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Kaman K-MAX is optimized forexternal cargo load operations.Unmanned,remote control oroptionally piloted variant

Anintermeshing-rotor helicopter (orsynchropter) is ahelicopter with a set of twomain rotors turning in opposite directions, with each rotor mast mounted with a slight angle to the other, in a transversely symmetrical manner, so that the blades intermesh without colliding. The arrangement allows the helicopter to function without atail rotor, which saves power. However, neither rotor lifts directly vertically, which reduces efficiency per each rotor.

Yaw is accomplished through varying torque, which is done by increasingcollective pitch on one of the blade sets.

Most intermeshing designs have two blades per mast, although exceptions such as theKellett XR-10 with three blades per mast do exist.

The arrangement was developed inGermany byAnton Flettner for a smallanti-submarine warfare helicopter, theFlettner Fl 265 as the pioneering example, and later theFlettner Fl 282 Kolibri.^[1] During theCold War the AmericanKaman Aircraft company produced theHH-43 Huskie, forUSAF firefighting purposes. One example of theKaman K-225 experimental synchropter was fitted with a smallturboshaft engine in late 1951, becoming the world's firstgas turbine-powered helicopter. Intermeshing rotored helicopters have high stability and powerful lifting capability. The latestKaman K-MAX model is a dedicated sky-crane design used for construction work, and has been modified for trials by theUSMC as anoptionally-unmanned cargo transporter.Unmanned aerial vehicles with intermeshing rotors have also been flown.^[2]