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Interior Salish languages

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Branch of the Salishan languages of western North America

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Interior Salish
Geographic distribution	Canada (British Columbia) and United States (Washington,Idaho,Montana)
Ethnicity	Interior Salish peoples
Linguistic classification	Salishan Interior Salish
Subdivisions	Northern Southern
Language codes
Glottolog	`inte1241`

TheInterior Salish languages are one of the two main branches of theSalishan language family, the other beingCoast Salish. It can be further divided into Northern and Southern subbranches.

These languages are spoken by theInterior Salish peoples. The first Interior Salish people encountered byAmerican explorers were theBitterroot Salish (seliš).

Languages

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Main article:Salishan languages

Languages with no living native speakers are marked with an obelisk,†.

Interior Salish
- Northern
  - Shuswap, also known as Secwepemctsín and səxwəpməxcín.
  - Lillooet, also known as St'át'imcets.^[1]
  - Thompson River Salish, (nłeʔképmxcín; also known as Nlakaʼpamux, Ntlakapmuk, Thompson Salish, and Thompson.)
    - Spuzzum dialect, also called Lower Thompson (spəzm̓mxcín)^[2]
    - sƛ̓eyéxʷcín^[3]
    - nk̓əmcínxcín^[4]
    - Nicola dialect (scw̓exmcín)^[5]^[6]
- Southern
  - Coeur d’Alene, also known as Snchitsuʼumshtsn and snčícuʔumšcn.
  - Columbia-Moses †,[a] also known as Columbia and Nxaʔamxcín.
  - Colville-Okanagan, also known as Okanagan, Nxsəlxcin, Nsilxcín, Nsíylxcən, and ta nukunaqínxcən.^[7]
  - Montana Salish, also known as Spokane-Kalispel-Flathead, Kalispel–Pend d'Oreille language, and Spokane–Kalispel–Bitterroot Salish–Upper Pend d'Oreille.

The Southern Interior Salish languages share many common phonemic values but are separated by both vowel and consonant shifts (for example k k̓ x > č č' š).

Interior Salish speaking peoples

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Main article:Interior Salish peoples

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Northern

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Secwepemc, also known as Shuswap, Secwepemctsín, səxwəpməxcín (ʃəxwəpməxtʃín).^[8]
St̓át̓imc, also known as Stlʼatlʼimx, Stlʼatlʼimc, Sƛ’aƛ’imxǝc (St̓át̓imcets, also known asÚcwalmicwts).^[9]
Nlaka'pamux, also known as Thompson River Salish, Ntlakapmuk, Ntleʼkepmxcín, Thompson River, Thompson Salish, Thompson, known in frontier times as the Hakamaugh, Klackarpun, Couteau or Knife Indians.^[10]

Central

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Colville,Sinixt (Senjextee, Sin Aikst, or Lakes Band),Sanpoil,Okanagan, andMethow, all of whom speakNxsəlxcin, nsyilxcən.^[11]

Eastern

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Spokane,Kalispel, and theFlathead, including theBitterroot, all of whom speakMontana Salish.

Southern

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Sinkiuse-Columbia,Entiat,Wenatchi, andChelan, all of whom traditionally speak or spokeColumbia-Moses, also known as Nxaảmxcín, Sinkiuse-Columbia, Sinkiuse, Columbia.
Coeur d'Alene people, also known as Schitsu'umsh or Skitswish (Coeur d'Alene language).

Many speakers and students of these languages live near the city ofSpokane and for the past three years have gathered at the Celebrating Salish Conference which is hosted by theKalispel Tribe at theNorthern Quest Resort & Casino.^[12]

Notes

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^Currently undergoing revival.

References

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^Matthewson, Lisa; Davis, Henry; Rullmann, Hotze (2007-12-31)."Evidentials as epistemic modals: Evidence from St'át'imcets".Linguistic Variation Yearbook.7:201–254.doi:10.1075/livy.7.07mat.ISSN 1568-1483.
^Thompson & Thompson 1996, p. 237.
^Egesdal, Steven M.; Thompson, M. Terry; Jimmie, Mandy N. (2011).Nl̳ekèpmxcín: Thompson River Salish speech. Whatcom museum publications. Bellingham, WA: Whatcom Museum. p. 6.ISBN 978-1-879763-22-7.
^Egesdal, Steven M.; Thompson, M. Terry; Jimmie, Mandy N. (2011).Nl̳ekèpmxcín: Thompson River Salish speech. Whatcom museum publications. Bellingham, WA: Whatcom Museum. p. 6.ISBN 978-1-879763-22-7.
^Egesdal, Steven M.; Thompson, M. Terry; Jimmie, Mandy N. (2011).Nl̳ekèpmxcín: Thompson River Salish speech. Whatcom museum publications. Bellingham, WA: Whatcom Museum. p. 6.ISBN 978-1-879763-22-7.
^Thompson & Thompson 1996, p. 46.
^"Sharing One Skin".www.culturalsurvival.org. 9 June 2010. Retrieved2022-12-07.
^Lacho, David Dennison; Leon, Aaron (2017-07-31).""Please mom? Can you please download it at home?": Video Games as a Symbol of Linguistic Survivance".Transmotion.3 (1): 70.doi:10.22024/UniKent/03/tm.248.ISSN 2059-0911.
^Matthewson, Lisa (2005).When I Was Small - I Wan Kwikws A Grammatical Analysis of St'át'imc Oral Narratives. Vancouver, BC, Canada: UBC Press. p. 6.ISBN 978-0774810906.
^Thompson, Laurence C.; Thompson, M. Terry (1992).The Thompson language. University of Montana occasional papers in linguistics (1. publ ed.). Missoula, MT: UMOPL.ISBN 978-1-879763-08-1.
^"nsyilxcən Language – Okanagan Nation Alliance". Retrieved2025-02-07.
^Rosenbaum, Cary (2019-03-12)."Celebrating Salish Conference reaches 10 years".Tribal Tribune. Retrieved2023-10-31.

Bibliography

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Thompson, Laurence C.; Thompson, M. Terry (1996).Thompson River Salish Dictionary. University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics. Vol. 12. Missoula, MT:University of Montana.ISBN 978-1-879763-12-8.