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Inorganic compound

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chemical compound without any carbon-hydrogen bonds

Aninorganic compound is typically achemical compound that lackscarbon–hydrogen bondsthat is, a compound that is not anorganic compound.[1][2] The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known asinorganic chemistry.

Inorganic compounds comprise most of theEarth's crust, although the compositions of the deepmantle remain active areas of investigation.[3]

Allallotropes of carbon and some simplecarbon compounds are often considered inorganic. Examples include the allotropes of carbon (graphite,diamond,buckminsterfullerene,graphene, etc.),carbon monoxideCO,carbon dioxideCO2,carbides, andsalts of inorganicanions such ascarbonates,cyanides,cyanates,thiocyanates,isothiocyanates, etc. Many of these are normal parts of mostly organic systems, includingorganisms; describing a chemical as inorganic does not necessarily mean that it cannot occur withinliving things.

History

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Friedrich Wöhler's conversion ofammonium cyanate intourea in 1828 is often cited as the starting point of modernorganic chemistry.[4][5][6] In Wöhler's era, there was widespread belief thatorganic compounds were characterized by avital spirit. In the absence of vitalism, the distinction between inorganic and organic chemistry is merely semantic.[citation needed]

Modern usage

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  • TheInorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) in its definition of "inorganic" carbon compounds, states that such compounds may containeither C-H or C-C bonds, but not both.[7]
  • The book seriesInorganic Syntheses does not define inorganic compounds. The majority of its content deals with metal complexes of organic ligands.[8]
  • IUPAC does not offer a definition of "inorganic" or "inorganic compound" but does defineinorganic polymer as "...skeletal structure that does not include carbon atoms."[9]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Berzelius, Jöns Jacob (1827).Lehrbuch der Chemie (1st ed.). Dresden and Leipzig: Arnoldischen Buchhandlung.ISBN 1-148-99953-1.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Brief commentary can be found inJorgensen, Bent Soren (1965). "More on Berzelius and the vital force".Journal of Chemical Education.42 (7): 394.Bibcode:1965JChEd..42..394J.doi:10.1021/ed042p394.
  2. ^Dan Berger, Bluffton College, analysis of varying inappropriate definitions of the inorganic-organic distinction: Otherwise consistent linked material differing from current article in downplaying the carbon present vs carbon absent distinctive:[1]
  3. ^Newman, D. K.; Banfield, J. F. (2002). "Geomicrobiology: How Molecular-Scale Interactions Underpin Biogeochemical Systems".Science.296 (5570):1071–1077.Bibcode:2002Sci...296.1071N.doi:10.1126/science.1010716.PMID 12004119.S2CID 1235688.
  4. ^May, Paul."Urea".Molecules in Motion. Imperial College London.Archived from the original on 2015-03-17.
  5. ^Cohen, Paul S.; Cohen, Stephen M. (1996). "Wöhler's Synthesis of Urea: How do the Textbooks Report It?".Journal of Chemical Education.73 (9): 883.doi:10.1021/ed073p883.
  6. ^Ramberg, Peter J. (2000). "The Death of Vitalism and the Birth of Organic Chemistry: Wohler's Urea Synthesis and the Disciplinary Identity of Organic Chemistry".Ambix.47 (3):170–195.doi:10.1179/amb.2000.47.3.170.PMID 11640223.S2CID 44613876.
  7. ^"Inorganic Crystal Structure Database"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2017-08-30. Retrieved2017-01-13.
  8. ^"Volumes - Inorganic Syntheses".www.inorgsynth.org.
  9. ^IUPAC,Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "inorganic polymer".doi:10.1351/goldbook.IT07515
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